Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 4 Diinagdee kutaa 10: Caasaalee Gabaa

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 4 kitaaba Diinagdee kutaa 10 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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2
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10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 4
68–87
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 4

Asii jalqabi

Barnoota Temari boqonnaa 4

Barnoota viidiyoo gabaabaa boqonnaa kanaa, kan Temari'n qopheesse. Yommuu play tuqxu qofa fe'ama. Barnoonni kun Afaan Ingiliziitiin.

Telling the four markets apart · daqiiqaa 4 · Gaaffii qormaata darbe 2 hojjetaman

Kutaalee barnootaa

Barnoota achii jalqabee taphachiisuuf kutaa tokko tuqi.

Boqonnaan 4 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Perfectly Competitive Markets
  2. 2.Pure Monopoly Market
  3. 3.Monopolistically Competitive Market
  4. 4.Oligopoly Market

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 4

Kaardiiwwan fuula Diinagdee kutaa 10 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Caasaa GabaaBaay'ina GurgurtootaaAmala OomishaaSeensaafi Ba'iinsa
Perfect CompetitionBaay'ee hedduuHomogeneousBilisa
Pure MonopolyGurguraa tokkichaBakka bu'aa dhihoo kan hin qabneKan daangeffame
Monopolistic CompetitionWal bira qabamee hedduuDifferentiatedBilisa
OligopolyMuraasa olaantummaa qabanHomogeneous yookiin DifferentiatedKan daangeffame

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Gabatee kanatti fayyadamuun moodeloota gabaa baay'ina daldaltootaa, garaagarummaa oomishaafi dangeeffama seensaa irratti hundaa'uun gargar baasi.

Of eeggadhu

Dorgommiin moonoopolistiki akkuma dorgommii guutuu gurgurtoota hedduufi seensa bilisaa qabaatus, oomishoonni garuu adda addadha.

Grade 10 Economics, fuula 68 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Dhaabbata gatii fudhataa ta'eef walitti dhufeenya gatii, barbaacha, galii giddu-galeessaa fi galii dabalataa murteessuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Sararri dalgee AR = MR = P ta'e dhaabbata dorgomaa dhuunfaa qofaaf hojjeta malee sarara barbaacha gabaa guutuuf miti.

Grade 10 Economics, fuula 68 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 4

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

In a perfectly competitive market, what is the shape of the demand curve faced by an individual firm?

  1. A.Vertical line
  2. B.Horizontal line
  3. C.Downward-sloping line
  4. D.Inverse U-shaped curve
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Horizontal line

Sababa

An individual firm under perfect competition is a price taker and can sell any quantity at the established market price. Therefore, it faces a completely horizontal demand curve.

Gaaffii 2

Which market structure consists of a single seller producing a commodity for which there are no close substitutes?

  1. A.Oligopoly
  2. B.Monopolistic competition
  3. C.Pure monopoly
  4. D.Perfect competition
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Pure monopoly

Sababa

A pure monopoly exists when only one firm produces and supplies a product with no close substitutes, making the firm and the industry one and the same.

Gaaffii 3

What is a duopoly?

  1. A.A market with no barriers to entry and exit
  2. B.A market where one single firm controls all strategic inputs
  3. C.A market structure with thousands of small sellers
  4. D.A special case of oligopoly in which there are only two firms
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D A special case of oligopoly in which there are only two firms

Sababa

As defined in the textbook, a duopoly is the simplest form of oligopoly, where exactly two firms operate in the industry.

Gaaffii 4

In a perfectly competitive market, what is the correct relationship between price (P), average revenue (AR), and marginal revenue (MR)?

  1. A.P = AR = MR
  2. B.P > AR > MR
  3. C.MR > AR = P
  4. D.AR > P > MR
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A P = AR = MR

Sababa

Because a competitive firm sells every unit at the same market price, the additional revenue from each extra unit equals the price, which also equals average revenue: AR = MR = P.

Gaaffii 5

A farmer sells 50 quintals of wheat in a perfectly competitive market at a price of 3,000 birr per quintal. What are the farmer's total revenue (TR) and average revenue (AR)?

  1. A.TR = 150,000 birr and AR = 3,000 birr
  2. B.TR = 150,000 birr and AR = 50 birr
  3. C.TR = 3,000 birr and AR = 150,000 birr
  4. D.TR = 75,000 birr and AR = 1,500 birr
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A TR = 150,000 birr and AR = 3,000 birr

Sababa

Total revenue is price times quantity: 3,000 birr * 50 = 150,000 birr. Average revenue is total revenue divided by quantity: 150,000 / 50 = 3,000 birr (which equals the price).

Gaaffii 6

According to the textbook, why does Ambo Mineral Water have monopoly power over its natural mineral water?

  1. A.Due to foreign import quotas
  2. B.Due to ownership of a strategic or key input
  3. C.Due to facing a horizontal demand curve
  4. D.Due to the absence of fixed costs
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Due to ownership of a strategic or key input

Sababa

Ambo Mineral Water maintains monopoly power because it owns and controls the natural mineral water source, which is a strategic key raw material.

Gaaffii 7

Why is the demand curve faced by a monopolistically competitive firm flatter than that of a pure monopoly?

  1. A.Because entry into the market is completely blocked
  2. B.Because the firm sells homogeneous products
  3. C.Because the firm faces rivals that sell close substitute products
  4. D.Because the firm is a price taker
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Because the firm faces rivals that sell close substitute products

Sababa

A pure monopoly has no rivals, while a monopolistically competitive firm competes against many rivals offering close substitutes, making its demand curve flatter (more price elastic).

Gaaffii 8

In an oligopoly market such as the cement or sugar industry in Ethiopia, what key feature means one firm's actions directly affect its competitors?

  1. A.Price taking behavior
  2. B.Free entry and exit
  3. C.Perfect market information
  4. D.Mutual interdependence
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D Mutual interdependence

Sababa

In an oligopoly, there are only a few dominant firms. As a result, they are mutually interdependent: any price or output decision made by one firm directly influences all rival firms.

Gaaffii 9

If a monopoly firm faces a linear demand curve given by P = a - bQ, what is the formula for its total revenue (TR)?

  1. A.TR = a - bQ<sup>2</sup>
  2. B.TR = aQ - bQ<sup>2</sup>
  3. C.TR = aQ - bQ
  4. D.TR = a/Q - b
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B TR = aQ - bQ<sup>2</sup>

Sababa

Total revenue is price multiplied by quantity: TR = P * Q. Substituting (a - bQ) for P gives TR = (a - bQ) * Q = aQ - bQ2.

Gaaffii 10

A monopolist sells 4 units of a product at 7 birr each (TR = 28 birr). To sell 5 units, the price is lowered to 6 birr each (TR = 30 birr). What is the marginal revenue (MR) of the 5th unit?

  1. A.1 birr
  2. B.6 birr
  3. C.2 birr
  4. D.7 birr
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 2 birr

Sababa

Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue resulting from selling one extra unit: MR = TR(5) - TR(4) = 30 birr - 28 birr = 2 birr.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 4

Boqonnaan 4 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 68 hanga fuula 87 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 193

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