Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 3 Jiyoograafii kutaa 12: Bulchiinsa Walitti Bu'iinsa Qabeenyaa

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 3 kitaaba Jiyoograafii kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

Google Play irraa buufadhaa
3
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 3
63–91
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 3

Boqonnaan 3 maal haguuga

  1. 1.The Concept of Sustainable Development
  2. 2.Resource Use Policies and Related Conflicts
  3. 3.Governance of Natural Resources
  4. 4.Indigenous Conflict Resolution Practices

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 3

Kaardiiwwan fuula Jiyoograafii kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Gosa HanqinaaAdeemsa IjooSababoota Gurguddoo
Demand-inducedDhiyeessiin osoo hin jijjiiramin ykn walgituu hin dandayin fedhiin dabalaGuddina baay'ina uummataa, fayyadama ol'aanaa, teeknooloojiiwwan haaraa
Supply-inducedWaliigalli dhiyeessii jiru ni xiqqaata ykn ni manca'aManca'iinsa naannoo, jijjiirama uumamaa, caccabuu bu'uuraalee misoomaa
StructuralGareewwan hawaasaa adda addaa gidduutti qabeenya wal-qixxummaan argachuu dhabuuSeerota loogii, qoodinsa aadaa, hiyyummaa, dhimmoota fayyadama lafaa (land use tradeoffs)

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Adeemsota hanqina qabeenya haaromfamu fidan adda baasuuf gabatee kanatti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Hanqina caasaawaa fi hanqina dhiyeessii walitti hin makiin. Hanqini caasaawaa kan uumamu qabeenyi gahaan osoo jiruu qoodinsa loogiitiin ykn gufuuwwan hawaasummaatiini.

Grade 12 Geography, fuula 63-91 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

KallattiiQajeeltoo Bu'uuraaKaayyoolee Ijoo
DinagdeeOomisha meeshaalee fi tajaajilootaa itti fufiinsa qabuIdaa to'atamuu danda'u, madaallii dameewwanii, jeeqama qonnaa fi industirii hambisuu
NaannooBu'uura qabeenya uumamaa tasgabbaa'aa fi dandamachuu danda'u eeguuKunuunsa biodiversity, tasgabbii atmospheric, saamicha humnaa olii ittisuu
HawaasummaaRaabsaa fi carraawwan hundaaf walqixa taasisuu keessatti haqummaaGender equity, barnootaa fi fayyaa argachuu, haqa hawaasummaa

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Utubaawwan misooma waaraa sadeen walitti hidhata qabanii fi kaayyoolee isaanii walbira qabuuf kaardii kanatti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Misoomni waaraa kallattiiwwan sadeen walqixa madaalsisuu akka gaafatu yaadadhu, eegumsa naannoo dhimmoota dinagdee fi hawaasummaa irraa adda baasanii ilaaluun hin danda'amu.

Grade 12 Geography, fuula 63-91 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Sababa WaldhabdeeAdeemsa Bu'uuraaMul'ata
Hanqina qabeenyaa (Resource scarcity)Qabeenya haareffamuu danda'an kanneen xiqqaachaa jiran irratti dorgommiin dabalaa adeemuuHanqinni fedhii, dhiyeessii yookiin caasaa walitti bu'iinsa jireenyaa kan kakaasu ta'uu
Bulchiinsa laafaa (Poor governance)Kufaatii dhaabbilee, iftoomina dhabuu fi seera loogii qabuMirga qabiyyee ifa hin taane, qabeenya dhuunfannaa tuuta muraasaa (elite capture), qoodinsa ba'aa haqa dhabeessa ta'e
Dhiibbaawwan daangaa ce'oo (Transboundary pressures)Waliin jireenya qabeenya daangaa ce'aa kan caasaa tumsaa hin qabneWalitti bu'iinsa bishaanii kan olka'aa fi gad-aanaa, godaansa horsiise bultootaa, faalama daangaa ce'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Sababoota gurguddoo waldhabdee qabeenya uumamaa haaromfamoo irratti ka'an qaaccessuuf kaardii kanatti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Waldhabdeen qabeenyaa dhimma naannoo qofa irraa kan maddu miti. Dhimmoota siyaasaa, dhaabbatummaa fi nageenyaa waliin walitti hidhata qaba.

Grade 12 Geography, fuula 63-91 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 3

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

According to the historical overview of sustainable development, which notion was introduced by the 1972 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Stockholm?

  1. A.Eco-development
  2. B.Agenda 21
  3. C.Global Green Growth
  4. D.The Millennium Project
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Eco-development

Sababa

The first UNCED conference held in Stockholm in 1972 introduced the notion of eco-development and led to the creation of UNEP.

Gaaffii 2

What are the three essential and interdependent dimensions (pillars) of sustainable development?

  1. A.Political, cultural, and technological
  2. B.Economic, social, and environmental
  3. C.Agricultural, industrial, and urban
  4. D.Demographic, institutional, and spatial
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Economic, social, and environmental

Sababa

Sustainable development is built upon three core pillars: economic development, social development, and environmental sustainability.

Gaaffii 3

Non-renewable resources like coal and petroleum are also referred to as:

  1. A.Flow resources
  2. B.Fixed or fund resources
  3. C.Recurrent resources
  4. D.Biotic resources
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Fixed or fund resources

Sababa

Non-renewable resources form very slowly and have a limited natural supply, which is why they are called fixed or fund resources from the human point of view.

Gaaffii 4

The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development consists of how many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets?

  1. A.8 goals and 50 targets
  2. B.10 goals and 100 targets
  3. C.17 goals and 169 targets
  4. D.21 goals and 200 targets
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 17 goals and 169 targets

Sababa

The 2030 SDG Agenda adopted by the United Nations in 2015 comprises exactly 17 goals and 169 targets.

Gaaffii 5

Which type of resource scarcity occurs when environmental degradation or a breakdown in infrastructure reduces the total available supply of a resource?

  1. A.Demand-induced scarcity
  2. B.Supply-induced scarcity
  3. C.Structural scarcity
  4. D.Technological scarcity
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Supply-induced scarcity

Sababa

Supply-induced scarcity happens when natural variation, environmental damage, or failing delivery systems constrain or lower the physical supply of a resource.

Gaaffii 6

According to Article 10 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), when indigenous peoples are relocated from their lands, what must be secured?

  1. A.A court order from an international tribunal
  2. B.Free, prior, and informed consent along with fair compensation
  3. C.Immediate transfer of alternative urban housing
  4. D.Unilateral government approval
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Free, prior, and informed consent along with fair compensation

Sababa

Article 10 of UNDRIP specifies that indigenous peoples cannot be forcibly removed without their free, prior, and informed consent, accompanied by fair and just compensation.

Gaaffii 7

In which year was the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) formally established to coordinate basin management and promote peace among member states?

  1. A.1972
  2. B.1987
  3. C.1999
  4. D.2015
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 1999

Sababa

The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) was formally established in 1999 as a cooperation framework among the Nile riparian countries.

Gaaffii 8

In the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, what five livelihood assets (capitals) are represented by the letters H, N, F, S, and P?

  1. A.Health, Nature, Farming, State, and Power
  2. B.Human, Natural, Financial, Social, and Physical
  3. C.Household, National, Fiscal, Structural, and Public
  4. D.Historical, Natural, Forest, Social, and Private
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Human, Natural, Financial, Social, and Physical

Sababa

The five core capitals in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework are Human (H), Natural (N), Financial (F), Social (S), and Physical (P) capital.

Gaaffii 9

Under the International Law Commission (ILC) rules on international watercourses, which article contains the specific obligation not to cause significant harm to other basin states?

  1. A.Article 5
  2. B.Article 7
  3. C.Article 9
  4. D.Article 20
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Article 7

Sababa

The textbook states that an obligation not to cause significant harm to river basin states is written in Article 7 of the ILC document.

Gaaffii 10

Under the Aarhus Convention, what are the three recognized pillars of public participation in environmental governance?

  1. A.Access to information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice
  2. B.Public voting, tax exemption, and resource allocation
  3. C.Free legal aid, media coverage, and state oversight
  4. D.Environmental taxation, emission permits, and state subsidies
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Access to information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice

Sababa

The Aarhus Convention sets out three pillars: the right of access to information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 3

Boqonnaan 3 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 63 hanga fuula 91 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 266

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Jiyoograafii kutaa 12 hunda

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