Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 3 Baayoloojii kutaa 9: Seelota

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 3 kitaaba Baayoloojii kutaa 9 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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6
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 3
44–73
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 3

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 3

Kaardiiwwan fuula Baayoloojii kutaa 9 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Gosa GeejjibaaKallattii ConcentrationBarbaachisummaa Energy (ATP)Fakkeenya
DiffusionConcentration ol'aanaa irraa gara gadi-aanaattiHin barbaachisuOxygen gara cells seenuu
OsmosisWater concentration ol'aanaa irraa gara water concentration gadi-aanaattiHin barbaachisuBishaan gara plant roots seenuu
Active transportConcentration gadi-aanaa irraa gara ol'aanaattiNi barbaachisaSodium-potassium pump

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Wantoonni membrane seelii akkamitti akka qaxxaamuran kallattiifi humna irratti hundaa'uun adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Active transport wantoota concentration gadi aanaa irraa gara olaanaatti sochoosa, yeroo hunda energy barbaada.

Grade 9 Biology, fuula 44-73 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo seelonni dhangalaoo hypotonic ykn hypertonic keessa kaaaman jijjiirama ta'u tilmaamuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Seelonni biqiltootaa furmaata hypotonic keessatti hin dhoohan, sababni isaas Cell wall cimaan dhiibbaa uumamu ittisee turgid taasisa. Seelonni bineensotaa Cell wall waan hin qabneef ni dhoohu.

Grade 9 Biology, fuula 44-73 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Organelle ykn CaasaaPlant CellAnimal Cell
Cell wallJira (Cellulose)Hin jiru
ChloroplastJiraHin jiru
VacuoleGuddaa fi dhaabbataaXiqqaa fi yeroof kan turu
CentriolesHin jiruJira

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Maayikirooskoopii jalatti seelii biqiltootaafi bineensotaa adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Mitochondria fi Cell membrane seelota biqiltootaafi bineensotaa lamaan keessattuu ni jiru malee seelii bineensotaa qofa keessatti miti.

Grade 9 Biology, fuula 44-73 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Qajeeltoowwan buuuraa cell theory ykn gumaacha saayintistootaa ibsuuf yeroo barbaaddan itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Robert Hooke bara 1665tti seelii moggaase malee, Cell theory kan qopheessan Schleiden (biqiltoota, 1838), Schwann (bineensota, 1839) fi Virchow (seelonni kanaan dura turan irraa uumamu, 1856) dha.

Grade 9 Biology, fuula 44-73 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

AmalaProkaryotic CellEukaryotic Cell
NucleusHin jiruNi jira
Membrane-bound organellesHin jiruNi jira
RibosomesWal bira qabamee xiqqaaWal bira qabamee guddaa
DNA organizationCircular plasmids, proteins kan hin qabneLinear strands proteins waliin
Cell wallPeptidoglycanPlants keessatti Cellulose, animals keessatti hin jiru

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Walxaxxummaa caasaa walbira qabuufi baakteeriyaa seelota biqiltootaafi bineensotaa irraa gargar baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Ribosomes seelota lamaan keessattuu ni jiru. Ribosomes akka organelle membrane qabuutti hin lakkaaaminaa.

Grade 9 Biology, fuula 44-73 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

OrganelleHojii inni hojjetu
NucleusChromosomes (DNA) seelichaa qabata; sochii seelichaa to'ata; proteins kamtu akka hojjetamu qajeelcha.
MitochondrionBakka aerobic respiration ti, ATP seelichaa keessaa hedduun asitti gadi dhiifama. Seelli biqiltuus akkuma seelii bineeldotaa mitochondria qaba.
RibosomeBakka protein synthesis ti. Cytoplasm keessatti bilisaan yookaan rough endoplasmic reticulum irratti maxxanee argama.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)Marsaa karaa membrane kan meeshaalee seelicha keessa geejjibudha. Rough ER ribosomes baatee proteins qopheessa; smooth ER ribosomes hin qabu, lipids hojjeta.
Golgi apparatusProteins ER irraa dhufan sirreessa, adda baasa, vesicles keessattis maratee qopheessa; kunis hojii seelicha keessaatiif yookaan alatti erguufi.
LysosomeKorojoo enzymes nyaata bulleessan qabuudha. Kutaalee seelii dulloomanii, cicciroo nyaataa fi bacteria weeraran caccabsa.
ChloroplastChlorophyll qabata; bakka photosynthesis ti. Seelli biqiltuu fi algae ni qabu, seelli bineeldotaa gonkumaa hin qabu, biqiltuu keessattis seelonni ifa hin arganne akka seelii hiddaa homaa hin qaban.
VacuoleSeelii biqiltuu keessatti vacuole guddaan dhaabbataan tokko cell sap kuusa, dhiibbaan bishaanii isaas seelicha turgid taasisa. Seelonni bineeldotaa vacuoles xixiqqaa fi yeroof turan qabu.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo gaaffiin organelle maqaa dhahee hojii isaa gaafatu, yookaan hojii ibsee organelle kam akka hojjetu gaafatu itti fayyadami. Kutaalee seelli biqiltuu fi seelli bineeldotaa waliin qaban wal bira qabuufis ni gargaara.

Of eeggadhu

Barattoonni seelli biqiltuu mitochondria osoo hin taane chloroplasts qaba jedhanii barreessu, sana booda immoo biqiltuun chloroplast keessatti afuura baafata jedhanii deebisu. Seelli biqiltuu lamaanuu qaba. Akkuma seelii bineeldotaa guyyaa fi halkan respiration kan raawwatu mitochondria isaa keessatti. Chloroplast garuu ifa keessatti qofa hojjeta, kan isa qabus seelota magariisa ifa argatan qofa. Gaaffiin organelle kam seelli biqiltuu fi seelli bineeldotaa waliin qabu jedhu yoo dhufe, mitochondrion, nucleus, ribosome fi cell membrane hundi sirriidha; chloroplast, cell wall fi vacuole guddaan garuu sirrii miti.

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 3

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

Which scientist first used the word cell in 1665 after observing thin slices of cork?

  1. A.Robert Hooke
  2. B.Anton van Leeuwenhoek
  3. C.Matthias Schleiden
  4. D.Rudolf Virchow
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Robert Hooke

Sababa

Robert Hooke was the first scientist to observe cells and name the regular pore-like structures cells in 1665 after examining cork under a microscope.

Gaaffii 2

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

  1. A.To synthesize proteins
  2. B.To store water and minerals
  3. C.To release digestive enzymes
  4. D.To trap sunlight for photosynthesis
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A To synthesize proteins

Sababa

Ribosomes are small cellular structures found in large numbers in all cells, and their main function is to synthesize proteins.

Gaaffii 3

Which organelle is described as the powerhouse of the cell because it is the site of cellular respiration?

  1. A.Golgi apparatus
  2. B.Mitochondrion
  3. C.Lysosome
  4. D.Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Mitochondrion

Sababa

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because their inner folds host chemical reactions of respiration to release energy.

Gaaffii 4

What is the term for the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration down a concentration gradient without using energy?

  1. A.Active transport
  2. B.Diffusion
  3. C.Phagocytosis
  4. D.Osmoregulation
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Diffusion

Sababa

Diffusion is passive transport where molecules move down their concentration gradient from high to low concentration without an input of energy.

Gaaffii 5

Which cellular structure is found in animal cells during cell division but is absent in plant cells?

  1. A.Centriole
  2. B.Chloroplast
  3. C.Cell wall
  4. D.Large central vacuole
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Centriole

Sababa

Plant cells possess cell walls, chloroplasts, and large permanent vacuoles, while centrioles are found specifically in animal cells.

Gaaffii 6

During a biology laboratory class in Hawassa, students prepare a temporary slide of human cheek cells. Which dye is used to stain these animal cells?

  1. A.Iodine solution
  2. B.Methylene blue dye
  3. C.Absolute alcohol
  4. D.Salt solution
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Methylene blue dye

Sababa

Methylene blue dye is used to stain animal cheek cells so that cellular parts like the nucleus become clearly visible under a light microscope.

Gaaffii 7

How does the cell wall of a bacterium (prokaryote) differ from the cell wall of a plant cell (eukaryote)?

  1. A.Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan, while plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
  2. B.Bacterial cell walls are made of cellulose, while plant cell walls are made of peptidoglycan.
  3. C.Bacterial cell walls are made of chitin, while plant cell walls are made of proteins.
  4. D.Bacterial cell walls are made of lipids, while plant cell walls have no rigid structure.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan, while plant cell walls are made of cellulose.

Sababa

According to the textbook comparison table, prokaryotic cell walls are primarily made of peptidoglycan, whereas plant cell walls are always composed of cellulose.

Gaaffii 8

Which list correctly shows the hierarchy of biological organization in multicellular organisms from simplest to most complex?

  1. A.Organism → System → Tissue → Organ → Cell
  2. B.Cell → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism
  3. C.Tissue → Cell → Organ → System → Organism
  4. D.Cell → Organ → Tissue → Organism → System
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Cell → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism

Sababa

In complex organisms, cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs group into organ systems, and all systems together form the complete organism.

Gaaffii 9

What happens to a red blood cell when it is placed into a hypotonic solution?

  1. A.Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink.
  2. B.The cell wall exerts pressure and keeps the cell turgid.
  3. C.Water enters the cell by osmosis until it swells and bursts.
  4. D.Contractile vacuoles pump out the excess salt molecules.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Water enters the cell by osmosis until it swells and bursts.

Sababa

Animal cells lack a rigid cell wall. In a hypotonic solution, water constantly enters the red blood cell by osmosis, causing it to swell and eventually burst (hemolysis).

Gaaffii 10

Which of the following is an example of active transport in living organisms?

  1. A.Movement of oxygen into cells for respiration
  2. B.Uptake of mineral ions by root hair cells against a concentration gradient
  3. C.Evaporation of water molecules from leaf surfaces
  4. D.Diffusion of carbon dioxide out of animal tissues
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Uptake of mineral ions by root hair cells against a concentration gradient

Sababa

Active transport uses energy released during respiration to move substances against a concentration gradient, such as ion uptake by plant root hairs and glucose uptake by villi.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 3

Boqonnaan 3 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 44 hanga fuula 73 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 165

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Baayoloojii kutaa 9 hunda

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