የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ባዮሎጂ ምዕራፍ 4፦ የሴል ክፍፍል

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የባዮሎጂ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 4 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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3
ካርዶች
10
የምዕራፍ 4 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
81–93
የምዕራፍ 4 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

የምዕራፍ 4 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የባዮሎጂ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በ Meiosis Anaphase I እና Anaphase II ወቅት ምን እንደሚለያይ ለመለየት ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

በ Anaphase I ላይ የሚለያዩት Homologous chromosomes ሲሆኑ Sister chromatids ግን በ Centromere ተያይዘው ይቆያሉ። Centromere ተሰብሮ Sister chromatids የሚለያዩት በ Anaphase II ላይ ብቻ ነው።

ከGrade 10 Biology፣ ገጽ 81-93 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

ባህሪMitosisMeiosis
የክፍፍል ቦታSomatic (የሰውነት) ሴሎችየመራቢያ አካላት (testes, ovaries)
የክፍፍሎች ብዛት1 የ nuclear ክፍፍል2 የ nuclear ክፍፍሎች
የተፈጠሩ Daughter cells2 በ genetically ተመሳሳይ የሆኑ ሴሎች4 በ genetically የተለያዩ gametes
የ Chromosome ቁጥር2n→2n2n \to 2n (Diploid)2n→n2n \to n (Haploid)
ዋና ተግባርእድገት፣ የ tissue ጥገና፣ መተካትGametogenesis (የ gamete ምርት)

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ሁለቱን የሴል ኒውክሊየስ ክፍፍል ዓይነቶች እና ባዮሎጂያዊ ሚናቸውን ለማነጻጸር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

Mitosis የክሮሞሶም ቁጥርን ጠብቆ (2n2n) ሲያቆይ፣ Meiosis ግን በሁለት ተከታታይ ክፍፍሎች የክሮሞሶም ቁጥርን በግማሽ (2n→n2n \to n) ይቀንሳል።

ከGrade 10 Biology፣ ገጽ 81-93 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የ Interphase ደረጃዋና ዋና የሴል ክንውኖች
G1 Phase (First Gap)የ Metabolic activity፣ የ cell እድገት፣ የ DNA መገንቢያ ክፍሎች እና የ energy ክምችት
S Phase (Synthesis)የ DNA replication እና የ chromosome duplication
G2 Phase (Second Gap)የ Energy መተካት፣ protein synthesis፣ የ organelle duplication እና ለ division መዘጋጀት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ከሴል ክፍፍል በፊት የሚከናወኑ የቅድመ ዝግጅት ሂደቶችን ቅደም ተከተል ለመለየት ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

የ DNA ቅጂ የሚከናወነው በ S phase ወቅት ብቻ ነው፣ በ G1 ወይም በ G2 ውስጥ አይካሄድም።

ከGrade 10 Biology፣ ገጽ 81-93 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 4 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

During which phase of interphase does DNA replication (synthesis) take place?

  1. A.S phase
  2. B.G1 phase
  3. C.G2 phase
  4. D.Cytokinesis
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A S phase

ምክንያቱ

The S phase (Synthesis phase) is the specific stage of interphase where DNA replication occurs.

ጥያቄ 2

Which scientist postulated the cell doctrine in 1858, stating that new cells arise from pre-existing cells?

  1. A.Walther Flemming
  2. B.Rudolf Virchow
  3. C.Dr. Melaku Worede
  4. D.Robert Hooke
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Rudolf Virchow

ምክንያቱ

In 1858, Rudolf Virchow postulated that new cells arise from pre-existing cells by cell division.

ጥያቄ 3

In mitotic cell division, one diploid (2n) parent cell divides to produce:

  1. A.Two diploid (2n) identical daughter cells
  2. B.Four haploid (n) sex cells
  3. C.Two haploid (n) daughter cells
  4. D.Four diploid (2n) daughter cells
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Two diploid (2n) identical daughter cells

ምክንያቱ

Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

ጥያቄ 4

Which international honor was awarded to the Ethiopian geneticist Dr. Melaku Worede in 1989 for preserving native seeds?

  1. A.Right Livelihood Award
  2. B.Nobel Prize in Physiology
  3. C.World Food Prize
  4. D.African Green Award
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Right Livelihood Award

ምክንያቱ

Dr. Melaku Worede received the Right Livelihood Award in 1989 for his work in preserving Ethiopia's genetic wealth.

ጥያቄ 5

During which phase of mitosis do duplicated chromosomes line up end-to-end along the equatorial plane (metaphase plate)?

  1. A.Prophase
  2. B.Metaphase
  3. C.Anaphase
  4. D.Telophase
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Metaphase

ምክንያቱ

During metaphase, mitotic spindles are fully developed and chromosomes line up along the centre or metaphase plate of the cell.

ጥያቄ 6

Why can plant cells NOT simply pinch off in the middle during cytokinesis like animal cells?

  1. A.They have a rigid cell wall outside the cell membrane
  2. B.They lack spindle fibres during karyokinesis
  3. C.They do not replicate their DNA during interphase
  4. D.They only divide by meiosis, never by mitosis
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A They have a rigid cell wall outside the cell membrane

ምክንያቱ

Because plant cells have a hard cell wall, the cytoplasm cannot simply pinch off; instead, a new wall is laid down between daughter cells forming a middle lamella.

ጥያቄ 7

What is the total number and chromosome condition of daughter cells formed at the end of meiosis?

  1. A.Two diploid (2n) cells
  2. B.Four haploid (n) cells
  3. C.Two haploid (n) cells
  4. D.Four diploid (2n) cells
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Four haploid (n) cells

ምክንያቱ

Meiosis involves two nuclear divisions that produce four haploid (n) daughter cells (gametes).

ጥያቄ 8

As a living cell grows larger in size, what main physical change causes it to trigger cell division?

  1. A.Its surface area to volume ratio becomes too low for simple diffusion
  2. B.Its nuclear membrane becomes too thick for chromosomes to move
  3. C.Its surface area increases much faster than its volume
  4. D.Its spindle fibres contract permanently before DNA duplicates
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Its surface area to volume ratio becomes too low for simple diffusion

ምክንያቱ

As a cell grows, it develops a low surface area to volume ratio. Simple diffusion becomes inadequate to transport materials, so the cell divides.

ጥያቄ 9

Which event specifically occurs during Anaphase I of meiosis?

  1. A.Homologous chromosome pairs separate and move to opposite poles
  2. B.Sister chromatids split at the centromere and separate
  3. C.The cell replicates all of its chromosomal DNA
  4. D.Four separate haploid nuclei are fully formed
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Homologous chromosome pairs separate and move to opposite poles

ምክንያቱ

In Anaphase I, homologous chromosome pairs separate to opposite poles (reducing chromosome number to haploid), while centromeres do not split until Anaphase II.

ጥያቄ 10

What occurs when the internal regulatory and controlling system of the cell cycle fails?

  1. A.Cells divide excessively in an unregulated manner, forming cancer
  2. B.Cells permanently stop all metabolic activity in the G1 phase
  3. C.Cells produce gametes without going through meiosis
  4. D.Chromosomes double without any cytokinesis taking place
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Cells divide excessively in an unregulated manner, forming cancer

ምክንያቱ

Cancer occurs when cell cycle control factors fail, causing cells to divide continuously in an unregulated manner and invade other body tissues.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 4 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 4 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 81 እስከ ገጽ 93 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 177 ገጾች

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