የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ዜግነትና ሥነ ምግባር ምዕራፍ 5፦ ፌደራሊዝም በኢትዮጵያ

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የዜግነትና ሥነ ምግባር መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 5 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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የምዕራፍ 5 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
111–137
የምዕራፍ 5 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 5 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.The meaning of federalism
  2. 2.Types of federalism
  3. 3.Key features of federalism
  4. 4.Division of power
  5. 5.Decentralized system of government
  6. 6.Written and Supreme federal constitution
  7. 7.Rigid constitution
  8. 8.Advantage and disadvantage of federalism
  9. 9.Advantages of federalism
  10. 10.Disadvantages of federalism
  11. 11.The roles of federalism in accommodating diversity in Ethiopia
  12. 12.The features of Ethiopian federalism
  13. 13.Challenges to Ethiopian federalism

የምዕራፍ 5 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የዜግነትና ሥነ ምግባር ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

ሀገርሕገ መንግሥቱን የመተርጎም ሥልጣን የተሰጠው አካል
EthiopiaHouse of Federation (የፌዴሬሽን ምክር ቤት)
USA and IndiaSupreme Court እና መደበኛ የዳኝነት አካላት
Germanyልዩ Constitutional Court
SwitzerlandFederal Tribunal እና ሕዝቡ

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በተለያዩ የፌዴራል ሀገራት ሕገ መንግሥቱን የመተርጎም ሥልጣን የተሰጠውን አካል ለማነፃፀር ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

በኢትዮጵያ የሕገ መንግሥት ትርጓሜ ሥልጣን የፌዴሬሽን ምክር ቤት እንጂ የጠቅላይ ፍርድ ቤት ወይም መደበኛ ፍርድ ቤቶች አይደለም።

ከGrade 10 Citizenship Education፣ ገጽ 111-137 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

ባህሪጥምር ፌዴራሊዝምየትብብር ፌዴራሊዝም
ምሳሌ (Metaphor)Layer cakeMarble cake
ስልጣንበግልጽ የተከፋፈሉ የስልጣን ወሰኖችየጋራ እና እርስ በእርስ የሚደራረቡ ተግባራት
በመንግስታት መካከል ያሉ ግንኙነቶችውጥረት እና ዝቅተኛ ትብብርየጋራ ችግሮችን ለመፍታት የሚደረግ ትብብር
በክልል ስልጣን ላይ ያለው ተፅዕኖየአካባቢ ስልጣንን ካልተገባ ጣልቃ ገብነት ይጠብቃልየፌዴራል ፖሊሲ ጣልቃ ገብነት ስጋት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ሁለቱን ዋና ዋና የፌዴራሊዝም የአስተዳደር ሞዴሎች እና ግንኙነቶች ለማነፃፀር ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የሌየር ኬክን ምሳሌ ለትብብር ፌዴራሊዝም አድርገው እንዳይሳሳቱ። ጥምር ፌዴራሊዝም የሌየር ኬክ ሲሆን የትብብር ፌዴራሊዝም የማርብል ኬክ ነው።

ከGrade 10 Citizenship Education፣ ገጽ 111-137 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የሚሻሻሉ ድንጋጌዎችየፌዴራል ምክር ቤቶች መስፈርትየክልል ምክር ቤቶች መስፈርት
መሠረታዊ መብቶች እና ነፃነቶች ወይም የማሻሻያ ሥነ ሥርዓትበእያንዳንዱ የፌዴራል ምክር ቤት በተናጠል የሁለት ሦስተኛ አብላጫ ድምፅበሁሉም የክልል ምክር ቤቶች የአብላጫ ድምፅ
ሌሎች ሁሉም የሕገ መንግሥት ድንጋጌዎችየሁለቱም የፌዴራል ምክር ቤቶች በጋራ ስብሰባ የሁለት ሦስተኛ አብላጫ ድምፅየክልል ምክር ቤቶች የሁለት ሦስተኛ አብላጫ ድምፅ

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የተለያዩ የኢትዮጵያ ሕገ መንግሥት ድንጋጌዎችን ለማሻሻል የሚያስፈልጉትን የክልል እና የፌዴራል ድምፅ መስፈርቶች ለማወቅ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

መሠረታዊ መብቶች እና ነፃነቶች የሁሉንም ክልሎች ይሁንታ ይፈልጋሉ፤ ሌሎች ድንጋጌዎች ግን የሁለት ሦስተኛ ክልሎችን ድምፅ ብቻ ይፈልጋሉ።

ከGrade 10 Citizenship Education፣ ገጽ 111-137 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 5 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

According to the textbook, federalism is defined as a system that combines which two key elements?

  1. A.Shared rule and regional self rule
  2. B.Absolute central rule and local obedience
  3. C.Military rule and traditional customs
  4. D.Direct democracy and international control
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Shared rule and regional self rule

ምክንያቱ

Federalism combines shared rule at the central level with self rule for regional constituent units.

ጥያቄ 2

Which type of federalism is informally known as Layer Cake Federalism?

  1. A.Cooperative federalism
  2. B.Dual federalism
  3. C.Executive federalism
  4. D.Centralized federalism
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Dual federalism

ምክንያቱ

Dual federalism clearly divides authority between state and national governments, and is often called Layer Cake Federalism.

ጥያቄ 3

Under the FDRE Constitution, which organ is granted the power to interpret the constitution?

  1. A.The Federal Supreme Court
  2. B.The House of Federation
  3. C.The Prime Minister
  4. D.The House of Peoples Representatives
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The House of Federation

ምክንያቱ

In Ethiopia, the House of Federation is empowered to interpret the constitution, unlike in countries where courts perform this role.

ጥያቄ 4

Which article of the FDRE Constitution grants the right to self determination to nations, nationalities, and peoples?

  1. A.Article 39
  2. B.Article 50
  3. C.Article 51
  4. D.Article 55
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Article 39

ምክንያቱ

Article 39 of the FDRE Constitution provides the right to self determination, including self government, language, and cultural preservation.

ጥያቄ 5

How do constituent regional states in a federation differ from local governments in a decentralized unitary system?

  1. A.Regional states derive their authority directly from the constitution and cannot be abolished unilaterally by the center.
  2. B.Regional states are created solely by ordinary statutes passed by the central parliament.
  3. C.Regional states possess only executive authority with no legislative power.
  4. D.Regional states can be revoked at any time at the unilateral discretion of the central government.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Regional states derive their authority directly from the constitution and cannot be abolished unilaterally by the center.

ምክንያቱ

In a federation, power division is constitutionally guaranteed and states derive their authority from the constitution, whereas decentralized local units in a unitary state are mere statutory creations of the center.

ጥያቄ 6

What is a major feature of cooperative federalism (marble cake federalism)?

  1. A.Complete separation of state and national government responsibilities
  2. B.Collaboration and power sharing between levels of government to solve common problems
  3. C.Elimination of regional state governments completely
  4. D.Total subordination of the national government to regional states
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Collaboration and power sharing between levels of government to solve common problems

ምክንያቱ

Cooperative federalism requires national, state, and local governments to interact cooperatively and share overlapping responsibilities to solve common problems.

ጥያቄ 7

Which of the following is listed in the textbook as a disadvantage of federalism?

  1. A.Complete protection against runaway power and tyranny
  2. B.Greater citizen participation at grass root levels
  3. C.Inequalities between states in areas such as education funding and welfare
  4. D.Better handling of local demands by regional leaders
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Inequalities between states in areas such as education funding and welfare

ምክንያቱ

Because states determine their own spending and policies, disparities and regional inequalities in services like education and health can develop between different states.

ጥያቄ 8

According to the textbook, how are residuary powers distributed in the United States compared to Canada?

  1. A.In the US they belong to the states, while in Canada they belong to the federal authority.
  2. B.In the US they belong to the federal authority, while in Canada they belong to the provinces.
  3. C.Both countries assign residuary powers exclusively to local cities.
  4. D.Both countries divide residuary powers through annual public referendums.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A In the US they belong to the states, while in Canada they belong to the federal authority.

ምክንያቱ

The US constitution lists federal powers and leaves the remainder (residuary powers) to the states, whereas Canada lists provincial powers and leaves the remainder to the federal authority.

ጥያቄ 9

What is required to amend the provisions governing fundamental rights and freedoms under the FDRE Constitution?

  1. A.A simple majority vote in the House of Peoples Representatives only
  2. B.A two thirds majority vote in a joint session of both federal houses only
  3. C.Approval by a majority vote in all state councils and a two thirds majority vote in each federal house
  4. D.A unanimous vote in the House of Federation alone
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Approval by a majority vote in all state councils and a two thirds majority vote in each federal house

ምክንያቱ

The textbook notes that fundamental rights and amendment procedures require approval by a majority vote in all regional states and a two thirds majority in each of the two federal houses.

ጥያቄ 10

According to the textbook, how is constitutional interpretation handled in Switzerland?

  1. A.It is divided between the federal tribunal and the people.
  2. B.It is assigned exclusively to a special constitutional court.
  3. C.It is handled solely by the House of Federation.
  4. D.It is decided solely by the Supreme Court.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A It is divided between the federal tribunal and the people.

ምክንያቱ

The textbook states that in Switzerland, constitutional interpretation is divided between the federal tribunal and the people.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 5 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 5 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 111 እስከ ገጽ 137 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 222 ገጾች

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