የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ዜግነትና ሥነ ምግባር ምዕራፍ 4፦ ሀገር በቀል የግጭት አፈታት

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የዜግነትና ሥነ ምግባር መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 4 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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3
ካርዶች
10
የምዕራፍ 4 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
90–110
የምዕራፍ 4 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 4 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.The concepts of peace
  2. 2.Types of peace
  3. 3.Impacts of absence of peace
  4. 4.The notion of peace building
  5. 5.Defining peace building
  6. 6.Indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms
  7. 7.Defining indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms
  8. 8.Features of indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms
  9. 9.Indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms in Ethiopia
  10. 10.The roles of indigenous social institutions in ensuring sustainable peace

የምዕራፍ 4 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የዜግነትና ሥነ ምግባር ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ባህላዊ የግጭት አፈታት ሥርዓቶች ከመደበኛ የፍርድ ቤት አሰራር የሚለዩባቸውን ባህሪያት ለመግለጽ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ሀገር በቀል ሥርዓቶች በማህበረሰብ ተሳትፎ፣ በስምምነት እና በካሳ ላይ ያተኩራሉ እንጂ በመደበኛ የወንጀል እስራት ወይም በአካላዊ ቅጣት ላይ አይመሰረቱም።

ከGrade 10 Citizenship Education፣ ገጽ 90-110 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የሀገር በቀል ሥርዓትማህበረሰብ
መካበናአፋር
ሽማግሌአማራ
ባይቶትግራይ
ጃርሱማኦሮሞ
ሴራሲዳማ፣ ሀዲያ፣ ሃላባ፣ ከምባታ
ኼርሶማሌ
ኮረፊኔጋሞ
የጆካጉራጌ

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የኢትዮጵያ ማህበረሰቦችን ከተጓዳኝ ባህላዊ የግጭት አፈታት ሥርዓቶቻቸው ጋር ለማዛመድ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

በሲዳማ፣ ሀዲያ፣ ሀላባ እና ከምባታ የሚሰራበትን ሴራ ከአንድ ማህበረሰብ ሥርዓቶች ጋር ለምሳሌ ከጉራጌው የጆካ ወይም ከአፋሩ መካባና ጋር እንዳያምታቱ።

ከGrade 10 Citizenship Education፣ ገጽ 90-110 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

መስፈርትአሉታዊ ሰላምአዎንታዊ ሰላም
ዋና ትርጉምየቀጥተኛ ጥቃት ወይም ጦርነት አለመኖርየፍትህ እና የመስማማት መኖር
ስር ነቀል መንስኤዎችመፍትሔ ያላገኙ እና ውጥረት ከስር ተዳፍኖ የሚቆይየተወገዱ እና በሰላማዊ መንገድ የተፈቱ
ዋነኛ ትኩረትየቀውስ አያያዝ (Crisis management) እና መቆጣጠርየሰብዓዊ ፍላጎቶችን ማሟላት እና ማህበራዊ እኩልነት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የቀጥታ ጥቃት አለመኖርን እና ዘላቂ የማህበራዊ ፍትህ መኖርን ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ጦርነት አለመኖሩ ብቻውን አዎንታዊ ሰላም ማለት አይደለም፤ አሉታዊ ሰላም ፍትህ በሌለበት እና ውጥረት ተዳፍኖ ባለበት ሁኔታ ሊከሰት ይችላል።

ከGrade 10 Citizenship Education፣ ገጽ 90-110 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 4 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

Which type of peace is defined as a state of calm and peacefulness of mind that arises from having no mental disturbances such as worry, anxiety, greed, or hatred?

  1. A.Internal peace
  2. B.Negative peace
  3. C.External peace
  4. D.Structural peace
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Internal peace

ምክንያቱ

Internal peace (also called inner peace or peace of mind) is peace within oneself, free from mental disturbances like worry, anxiety, hatred, and delusion.

ጥያቄ 2

According to the textbook, which indigenous conflict resolution mechanism belongs to the Afar people?

  1. A.Makabanna
  2. B.Bayto
  3. C.Jarsumma
  4. D.Korefinie
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Makabanna

ምክንያቱ

In Ethiopia, the Afar people practice Makabanna as their indigenous conflict resolution mechanism.

ጥያቄ 3

How is negative peace defined in the textbook?

  1. A.Peace without justice, defined as the absence of direct violence
  2. B.A sustainable peace built on equal distribution of resources
  3. C.The complete absence of all human disagreements
  4. D.A state of inner spiritual tranquility
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Peace without justice, defined as the absence of direct violence

ምክንያቱ

Negative peace is defined as a peace without justice. It represents a false sense of peace where direct violence is absent, but tensions remain unresolved beneath the surface.

ጥያቄ 4

In traditional Ethiopian conflict resolution processes, what main role do elders serve during negotiations?

  1. A.Facilitators or negotiators
  2. B.Police prosecutors
  3. C.Military commanders
  4. D.Formal prison guards
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Facilitators or negotiators

ምክንያቱ

Elders serve as facilitators or negotiators during the resolution process because of their age, cultural knowledge, and community status.

ጥያቄ 5

Under indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms, how is responsibility for harm usually viewed?

  1. A.It rests solely on the individual offender alone
  2. B.It rests with the broader social grouping such as the family or clan
  3. C.It is transferred completely to the state court system
  4. D.It is ignored completely without requiring compensation
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B It rests with the broader social grouping such as the family or clan

ምክንያቱ

Indigenous mechanisms practice group-based responsibility, where the family or clan shares responsibility and assists in paying required compensation.

ጥያቄ 6

Which of the following actions is an emphasis of efforts to achieve positive peace?

  1. A.Eliminating root causes of injustice and meeting basic human needs
  2. B.Limiting war through arms control and strategic deterrence only
  3. C.Suppressing protests through direct force and police intimidation
  4. D.Managing crisis symptoms while ignoring underlying grievances
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Eliminating root causes of injustice and meeting basic human needs

ምክንያቱ

Efforts to achieve positive peace focus on addressing the root causes of violence, achieving social justice, and fulfilling basic human needs.

ጥያቄ 7

Which indigenous conflict resolution institution is practiced by the Gurage community?

  1. A.Ye Joka
  2. B.Xeer
  3. C.Seera
  4. D.Shimagille
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Ye Joka

ምክንያቱ

The Gurage community uses Ye Joka as its indigenous conflict resolution institution.

ጥያቄ 8

According to the textbook, how does the absence of peace negatively affect economic development?

  1. A.It diverts public resources from health and education to military spending
  2. B.It leads to an automatic rise in local tax collections
  3. C.It lowers the cost of transportation and farming supplies
  4. D.It expands communication networks between conflicting groups
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A It diverts public resources from health and education to military spending

ምክንያቱ

When peace is absent, governments and competing groups divert vital financial resources away from social services like health and education toward military expenditures.

ጥያቄ 9

Unlike formal court systems that use state coercive force, what do indigenous conflict resolution institutions primarily rely on to enforce decisions?

  1. A.Social pressure and exclusion from the community
  2. B.Indefinite imprisonment in state correctional centers
  3. C.Military deployment and armed police monitoring
  4. D.Forced labor supervised by government officials
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Social pressure and exclusion from the community

ምክንያቱ

Indigenous institutions lack coercive state instruments (like police or prisons) and instead depend on social pressure and community exclusion to ensure compliance.

ጥያቄ 10

Why are indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms described as context specific?

  1. A.Approaches vary because each community has its own specific history, custom, and culture
  2. B.Every ethnic group follows the exact same set of written rules across the country
  3. C.All indigenous cases must be reviewed inside formal regional court buildings
  4. D.They operate under a single unified national decree issued by the federal parliament
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Approaches vary because each community has its own specific history, custom, and culture

ምክንያቱ

They are context specific because there is no single general principle; each institution reflects the distinctive custom, culture, and history of its specific society.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 4 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 4 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 90 እስከ ገጽ 110 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 222 ገጾች

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ሁሉም የ10ኛ ክፍል ዜግነትና ሥነ ምግባር አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

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