የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ ምዕራፍ 1፦ የሸማቾች ባህሪ ንድፈ ሃሳብ

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 1 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

2
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 1 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 1–16
የምዕራፍ 1 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ከዚህ ይጀምሩ

የ Temari ትምህርት ለምዕራፍ 1

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ Temari ያዘጋጀው አጭር የቪዲዮ ትምህርት። ፕሌይ ሲጫኑ ብቻ ይጫናል። ትምህርቱ በእንግሊዝኛ ነው።

Total utility and marginal utility · 4 ደቂቃ · የተሠሩ 2 ያለፉ የፈተና ጥያቄዎች

የትምህርቱ ክፍሎች

ትምህርቱን ከዚያ ጀምሮ ለማጫወት አንድ ክፍል ይንኩ።

ምዕራፍ 1 የሚሸፍነው

1.The Concept of Utility
2.The Cardinal Utility Theory
3.The Consumer Maximization Problem
4.Introduction to the Ordinal Utility Theory

የምዕራፍ 1 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

Marginal Utilityቀመር

MU = \frac{\Delta TU}{\Delta Q}

MU = \frac{\Delta TU}{\Delta Q}

$MU$: ህዳጋዊ እርካታ $utils$
$\Delta TU$: የ total utility ለውጥ $utils$
$\Delta Q$: የተወሰደው quantity ለውጥ $units$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

አንድ ተጨማሪ የዕቃ ክፍል በመጠቀም የሚገኘውን ተጨማሪ እርካታ ለማስላት ይህንን ቀመር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

ጠቅላላ utilityን ለጠቅላላ quantity አያካፍሉ። Marginal utility ማለት የ total utility ለውጥ ለ quantity ለውጥ ሲካፈል ነው።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 1-16 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Relationship Between TU and MUየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥMU > 0 · MU = 0 · MU < 0

Marginal Utility	Total Utility	ለሸማቹ ያለው ትርጉም
$MU > 0$	በሚቀንስ ምጣኔ ይጨምራል	በተጨማሪ ዩኒቶች እርካታ ይጨምራል
$MU = 0$	ከፍተኛ (Saturation point)	ከፍተኛ እርካታ ላይ ይደረሳል
$MU < 0$	ይቀንሳል	በተጨማሪ ዩኒቶች አለመርካት ይከሰታል

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የ saturation point ለመለየት እና marginal utility ሲቀየር total utility እንዴት እንደሚሆን ለማወቅ ይህንን ሰንጠረዥ ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

Total utility ከፍተኛ የሚሆነው marginal utility ዜሮ ሲሆን ነው እንጂ marginal utility ከፍተኛ ደረጃ ላይ ሲደርስ አይደለም።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 1-16 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 1 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

In economics, what is the definition of utility?

A.The market price of a product
B.The power of a commodity to satisfy human wants
C.The total cost of producing a commodity
D.The amount of money a household saves

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The power of a commodity to satisfy human wants

ምክንያቱ

Utility is the level of satisfaction or pleasure derived from consuming a good or service. In other words, it is the power of a commodity to satisfy human wants.

ጥያቄ 2

According to the cardinal utility theory, which imaginary unit is used to measure consumer satisfaction?

A.Litres
B.Grams
C.Utils
D.Metres

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Utils

ምክንያቱ

The Cardinal School assumed that satisfaction can be measured in numbers using subjective units called utils or measured in monetary units.

ጥያቄ 3

What happens to Total Utility (TU) when Marginal Utility (MU) becomes zero?

A.Total utility reaches its maximum saturation point.
B.Total utility becomes zero.
C.Total utility drops to negative values.
D.Total utility is at its minimum point.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Total utility reaches its maximum saturation point.

ምክንያቱ

When marginal utility decreases to zero, total utility reaches its highest point (the saturation point). Any consumption beyond this point causes marginal utility to become negative and total utility to decrease.

ጥያቄ 4

According to the transitivity assumption in ordinal utility theory, if a consumer prefers bundle A to bundle B, and prefers bundle B to bundle C, which choice must follow?

A.Bundle B is preferred to bundle A
B.Bundle C is preferred to bundle A
C.Bundle A is preferred to bundle C
D.Bundle C is preferred to bundle B

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Bundle A is preferred to bundle C

ምክንያቱ

Transitivity states that if bundle A > B and bundle B > C, then bundle A > C.

ጥያቄ 5

Which statement correctly describes the difference between utility and usefulness?

A.Utility is the concern of the consumer, while usefulness is the concern of the product.
B.Utility and usefulness are exact synonyms in economics.
C.Usefulness is measured in utils, while utility is measured in birr.
D.Utility belongs only to sellers, while usefulness belongs only to buyers.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Utility is the concern of the consumer, while usefulness is the concern of the product.

ምክንያቱ

The textbook points out that utility and usefulness are not synonymous: usefulness is the concern of a product, whereas utility is the concern of the consumer.

ጥያቄ 6

Why does wearing a jacket provide different satisfaction to a person in Addis Ababa during the cold season compared to the hot season?

A.Because utility is relative and varies across time and place.
B.Because the cardinal utility of money increases during cold weather.
C.Because the product changes its physical quality automatically.
D.Because total utility always stays constant regardless of needs.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Because utility is relative and varies across time and place.

ምክንያቱ

Utility is subjective and relative. It varies from person to person, from unit to unit, from time to time, and from place to place.

ጥያቄ 7

Suppose Beka obtains 10 utils of total utility from consuming 2 oranges, and his total utility rises to 15 utils when he consumes 3 oranges. What is the marginal utility of the 3rd orange?

A.15 utils
B.10 utils
C.5 utils
D.25 utils

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C 5 utils

ምክንያቱ

Marginal utility is the change in total utility divided by the change in quantity: MU = (15 - 10) / (3 - 2) = 5 utils.

ጥያቄ 8

For a single commodity X, if a consumer finds that MU_X > P_X, how can the consumer increase satisfaction or welfare?

A.By reducing the consumption of commodity X
B.By purchasing more units of commodity X
C.By increasing the price of commodity X
D.By saving all of his or her income

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B By purchasing more units of commodity X

ምክንያቱ

When the marginal utility of a commodity is greater than its price (MU_X > P_X), the extra satisfaction exceeds the cost, so the consumer increases welfare by purchasing more units of X.

ጥያቄ 9

What does the assumption of diminishing marginal rate of substitution (DMRS) state in ordinal utility theory?

A.The consumer gives up more units of good X for each additional unit of good Y.
B.The consumer is willing to give up fewer units of good X for each additional unit of good Y.
C.Total satisfaction continuously increases without limit as one good is substituted.
D.The price of both commodities must decrease at the same rate.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The consumer is willing to give up fewer units of good X for each additional unit of good Y.

ምክንያቱ

DMRS means that as a consumer substitutes more and more of one commodity (Y) for another (X), the consumer is prepared to give up fewer units of X for each additional unit of Y to keep total satisfaction constant.

ጥያቄ 10

Aster buys two goods, bread (X) and banana (Y). The price of bread is P_X = 2 birr and the price of banana is P_Y = 2 birr. Under cardinal utility theory, what is the equilibrium condition for Aster?