የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ ምዕራፍ 2፦ የፍላጎትና አቅርቦት ንድፈ ሃሳቦች

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 2 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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የምዕራፍ 2 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
17–48
የምዕራፍ 2 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 2 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.Theory of Demand
  2. 2.Theory of Supply
  3. 3.Market Equilibrium
  4. 4.Elasticities of Demand and Supply

የምዕራፍ 2 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

Ed=Q2−Q1P2−P1⋅P1+P2Q1+Q2E_d = \frac{Q_2 - Q_1}{P_2 - P_1} \cdot \frac{P_1 + P_2}{Q_1 + Q_2}
EdE_d
የፍላጎት የዋጋ ላስቲክነትdimensionless\text{dimensionless}
Q1Q_1
የመጀመሪያው የተጠየቀ መጠንunits\text{units}
Q2Q_2
አዲሱ የተጠየቀ መጠንunits\text{units}
P1P_1
የመጀመሪያ ዋጋBirr\text{Birr}
P2P_2
አዲስ ዋጋBirr\text{Birr}

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በ demand curve ላይ በሁለት ነጥቦች መካከል ባለው የዋጋ ክልል ውስጥ የዋጋ elasticity ለማስላት ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

በሁለተኛው ክፍል ላይ የመነሻ ዋጋዎችን ብቻ ሳይሆን የዋጋዎችን እና የብዛቶችን ድምር መጠቀምዎን ያረጋግጡ።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 17-48 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በአንድ ከርቭ ላይ የሚደረግ እንቅስቃሴን እና የጠቅላላ ከርቭን ሽግሽግ ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የእቃው የራሱ ዋጋ መለወጥ በከርቩ ላይ እንቅስቃሴን (change in quantity demanded) ብቻ ያመጣል እንጂ ከርቩን አያንቀሳቅሰውም (shift አያደርግም)። ከርቩን shift የሚያደርጉት ከዋጋ ውጪ ያሉ determinants ብቻ ናቸው።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 17-48 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የCross Elasticity ውጤትግንኙነትየተጠቃሚ ባህሪ
Exy>0E_{xy} > 0Substitute goods (ተተኪ እቃዎች)የ Y ዋጋ (Price of Y) ሲጨምር፣ ለ X ያለው ፍላጎት (Demand for X) ይጨምራል
Exy<0E_{xy} < 0Complementary goods (አሟይ እቃዎች)የ Y ዋጋ (Price of Y) ሲጨምር፣ ለ X ያለው ፍላጎት (Demand for X) ይቀንሳል
Exy=0E_{xy} = 0Independent goods (ተዛማጅነት የሌላቸው እቃዎች)የ Y ዋጋ (Price of Y) በ Demand for X ላይ ምንም ተፅዕኖ የለውም

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በ cross-price elasticity ምልክት ላይ በመመስረት ሁለት እቃዎች substitute, complementary ወይም independent መሆናቸውን ለመለየት ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

ለ cross elasticity የ absolute value አይውሰዱ። ምክንያቱም የመደመር ወይም የመቀነስ ምልክቱ የእቃዎቹን ዝምድና ይወስናል።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 17-48 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የElasticity ዋጋደረጃትርጉም
∣Ed∣>1|E_d| > 1Elasticየ Quantity demanded የ % ለውጥ > የ Price የ % ለውጥ
∣Ed∣=1|E_d| = 1Unitary elasticየ Quantity demanded የ % ለውጥ = የ Price የ % ለውጥ
0<∣Ed∣<10 < |E_d| < 1Inelasticየ Quantity demanded የ % ለውጥ < የ Price የ % ለውጥ
∣Ed∣=0|E_d| = 0Perfectly inelasticPrice ሲለወጥ Quantity demanded አይለወጥም
∣Ed∣=∞|E_d| = \inftyPerfectly elasticበተሰጠ Price ላይ ያልተገደበ የ Quantity demanded ለውጥ

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የተሰላውን የ price elasticity of demand የቁጥር ውጤት ለመመደብ እና ለመተርጎም ይጠቀሙበት።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 17-48 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Qd=QsQ_d = Q_s
QdQ_d
የተጠየቀ መጠንunits\text{units}
QsQ_s
የቀረበ መጠንunits\text{units}

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የ demand እና supply ፈንክሽኖችን እኩል በማድረግ የገበያ ማጣሪያ ዋጋን እና equilibrium quantity ለማግኘት ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

የገበያ ዋጋው ከ equilibrium በላይ ከሆነ surplus ይፈጠራል፤ ከ equilibrium በታች ከሆነ ደግሞ shortage ይፈጠራል።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 17-48 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 2 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

According to the textbook, demand for a commodity consists of which two essential components?

  1. A.Desire to buy and government permission
  2. B.Willingness to buy and ability to pay
  3. C.Willingness to produce and cost of inputs
  4. D.Consumer preference and seller profit
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Willingness to buy and ability to pay

ምክንያቱ

Demand is defined as the desire to acquire a commodity along with the willingness to buy it and the ability to pay for it (Demand = Willingness to buy + Ability to pay).

ጥያቄ 2

What does the law of demand state about the relationship between the price of a good and its quantity demanded, ceteris paribus?

  1. A.Price and quantity demanded are directly related.
  2. B.Price and quantity demanded are inversely related.
  3. C.Quantity demanded remains constant when price changes.
  4. D.Higher prices always lead to higher quantity demanded.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Price and quantity demanded are inversely related.

ምክንያቱ

The law of demand states that, holding other factors constant, the quantity demanded increases when price decreases and decreases when price increases. This is an inverse relationship.

ጥያቄ 3

A downward movement along a fixed demand curve caused by a decrease in the price of the product is called:

  1. A.an extension of demand
  2. B.a contraction of demand
  3. C.an increase in demand
  4. D.a shift in demand
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A an extension of demand

ምክንያቱ

Movement along the demand curve is caused by a change in own price. A downward movement is called an extension of demand, while an upward movement is called a contraction of demand.

ጥያቄ 4

Market equilibrium is achieved in a market when:

  1. A.quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied
  2. B.quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded
  3. C.quantity demanded equals quantity supplied
  4. D.the price elasticity of demand is zero
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C quantity demanded equals quantity supplied

ምክንያቱ

Market equilibrium occurs when the quantity demanded by buyers equals the quantity supplied by sellers at a specific market clearing price.

ጥያቄ 5

In Ethiopia, when the price of coffee rises, consumers tend to buy more tea instead. In economics, coffee and tea are classified as:

  1. A.complementary goods
  2. B.substitute goods
  3. C.independent goods
  4. D.inferior goods
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B substitute goods

ምክንያቱ

Substitute goods are goods that can satisfy the same want in place of each other. When the price of one good rises, demand for its substitute increases.

ጥያቄ 6

If a 10 percent increase in the price of a good leads to only a 2 percent decrease in quantity demanded, the demand for this product is:

  1. A.elastic
  2. B.inelastic
  3. C.unitary elastic
  4. D.perfectly elastic
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B inelastic

ምክንያቱ

When the percentage change in quantity demanded is smaller than the percentage change in price, the price elasticity coefficient is less than 1 (0.02 / 0.10 = 0.2), which means demand is inelastic.

ጥያቄ 7

If the market price of shirts is set above the equilibrium price, what will happen in the market?

  1. A.A shortage occurs, and buyers bid the price up.
  2. B.A surplus occurs, and sellers bid the price down.
  3. C.Supply decreases to zero immediately.
  4. D.Demand shifts to the right automatically.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B A surplus occurs, and sellers bid the price down.

ምክንያቱ

A price above equilibrium creates excess supply (a surplus) because sellers offer more than buyers want to purchase. Unsatisfied sellers then bid the price down toward equilibrium.

ጥያቄ 8

If the cross-price elasticity of demand between good X and good Y is negative, this indicates that goods X and Y are:

  1. A.substitute goods
  2. B.complementary goods
  3. C.independent goods
  4. D.unrelated goods
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B complementary goods

ምክንያቱ

A negative cross elasticity shows that an increase in the price of one good causes a fall in the quantity demanded of the other good. Therefore, the two goods are complementary (used together).

ጥያቄ 9

Suppose an individual demand function in a market is QI = 50 - 5P. If there are 100 identical buyers in this market, what is the market demand function (Qm)?

  1. A.Qm = 500 - 50P
  2. B.Qm = 5000 - 5P
  3. C.Qm = 5000 - 500P
  4. D.Qm = 50 - 500P
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Qm = 5000 - 500P

ምክንያቱ

Market demand is obtained by horizontally summing all individual demands. Multiplying the individual demand equation by 100 identical buyers gives: Qm = 100 * (50 - 5P) = 5000 - 500P.

ጥያቄ 10

The market demand and supply functions for wheat are given as Qd = 80 - 3P and Qs = 9P - 40, where price P is in Birr per kg. What are the equilibrium price and quantity?

  1. A.Price = 10 Birr/kg, Quantity = 50 kg
  2. B.Price = 12 Birr/kg, Quantity = 44 kg
  3. C.Price = 10 Birr/kg, Quantity = 80 kg
  4. D.Price = 15 Birr/kg, Quantity = 35 kg
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Price = 10 Birr/kg, Quantity = 50 kg

ምክንያቱ

Set Qd = Qs: 80 - 3P = 9P - 40, which simplifies to 120 = 12P, giving P* = 10 Birr/kg. Substitute P = 10 into Qd: Q* = 80 - 3(10) = 50 kg.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 2 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 2 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 17 እስከ ገጽ 48 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 193 ገጾች

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