የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ ምዕራፍ 3፦ የምርትና ወጪ ንድፈ ሃሳቦች

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 3 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

5
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 3 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 49–67
የምዕራፍ 3 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 3 የሚሸፍነው

1.Theory of Production
2.Theory of Cost

የምዕራፍ 3 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

በረጅም ጊዜ ውስጥ ቋሚ ወጪዎች መኖራቸው ላይ የሚፈጠር ስህተትየተለመደ ስህተት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የተለያዩ የጊዜ ገደቦችን ወጪዎች እና መጠኖች ሲተነትኑ የሚፈጠሩ ስህተቶችን ለማረም ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

በረጅም ጊዜ ውስጥ ቋሚ ወጪን አያካትቱ። በረጅም ጊዜ ሁሉም ግብዓቶች ተለዋዋጭ ስለሆኑ TFC ዜሮ ሲሆን TC ከ TVC ጋር እኩል ይሆናል።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 49-67 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምርት እና የወጪ ኩርባዎች ዝምድናየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥMP_L rises · MP_L is maximum · MP_L falls · +3

የምርት ኩርባ ሁኔታ	ተዛማጅ የወጪ ኩርባ	የወጪ ኩርባ ሁኔታ
$MP_L$ rises	Marginal Cost ( $MC$ )	$MC$ falls
$MP_L$ is maximum	Marginal Cost ( $MC$ )	$MC$ is minimum
$MP_L$ falls	Marginal Cost ( $MC$ )	$MC$ rises
$AP_L$ rises	Average Variable Cost ( $AVC$ )	$AVC$ falls
$AP_L$ is maximum	Average Variable Cost ( $AVC$ )	$AVC$ is minimum
$AP_L$ falls	Average Variable Cost ( $AVC$ )	$AVC$ rises

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የምርት መጠን ቅልጥፍናን በቀጥታ ከአሃዳዊ ወጪ ኩርባዎች ጋር ለማዛመድ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የ MC ኩርባ የ AVC እና የ ATC ኩርባዎችን የሚያቋርጠው በዝቅተኛ ነጥቦቻቸው ላይ ከስር ወደ ላይ ነው።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 49-67 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የአጭር ጊዜ ወጪዎች ቀመሮችቀመር

TC = TFC + TVC, \quad ATC = AFC + AVC = \frac{TC}{Q}, \quad MC = \frac{\Delta TC}{\Delta Q} = \frac{\Delta TVC}{\Delta Q}

TC = TFC + TVC, \quad ATC = AFC + AVC = \frac{TC}{Q}, \quad MC = \frac{\Delta TC}{\Delta Q} = \frac{\Delta TVC}{\Delta Q}

$TC$: አጠቃላይ ወጪ $\text{Birr}$
$TFC$: አጠቃላይ ቋሚ ወጪ $\text{Birr}$
$TVC$: አጠቃላይ ተለዋዋጭ ወጪ $\text{Birr}$
$ATC$: አማካይ አጠቃላይ ወጪ $\text{Birr per unit}$
$AFC$: አማካይ ቋሚ ወጪ $\text{Birr per unit}$
$AVC$: አማካይ ተለዋዋጭ ወጪ $\text{Birr per unit}$
$MC$: ህዳጋዊ ወጪ $\text{Birr per unit}$
$Q$: የውጤት መጠን $\text{units}$
$\Delta TC$: የአጠቃላይ ወጪ ለውጥ $\text{Birr}$
$\Delta TVC$: የአጠቃላይ ተለዋዋጭ ወጪ ለውጥ $\text{Birr}$
$\Delta Q$: የውጤት ለውጥ $\text{units}$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በአጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ አጠቃላይ፣ አማካይ እና የህዳግ የምርት ወጪዎችን ለማስላት ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

Marginal cost ከ TVC ለውጥ ሲካፈል ለ Q ለውጥ ጋር እኩል ነው፤ ምክንያቱም በአጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ የ TFC ለውጥ ሁልጊዜ ዜሮ ነው።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 49-67 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የአጭር ጊዜ ምርታማነት ቀመሮችቀመር

AP_L = \frac{TP}{L}, \quad MP_L = \frac{\Delta TP}{\Delta L}

AP_L = \frac{TP}{L}, \quad MP_L = \frac{\Delta TP}{\Delta L}

$AP_L$: የጉልበት አማካይ ምርት $\text{units per worker}$
$MP_L$: የጉልበት ህዳጋዊ ምርት $\text{units per worker}$
$TP$: አጠቃላይ ምርት $\text{units}$
$L$: የጉልበት ግብዓት $\text{workers}$
$\Delta TP$: የአጠቃላይ ምርት ለውጥ $\text{units}$
$\Delta L$: የጉልበት ግብዓት ለውጥ $\text{workers}$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የአንድ ሠራተኛ አማካይ የምርት መጠን እና ተጨማሪ ሠራተኛ ሲቀጠር የሚገኘውን ተጨማሪ ምርት ለማስላት ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

Marginal product የ Total product ኩርባ ስሎፕ ነው፤ ሁለቱ እኩል የሚሆኑት Average product ከፍተኛ ደረጃ ላይ ሲደርስ ብቻ ነው።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 49-67 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

ሦስቱ የምርት ደረጃዎችየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥStage I · Stage II · Stage III

ደረጃ	Total Product (TP)	Marginal Product (MPL)	Average Product (APL)
Stage I	በመጀመሪያ በሚጨምር ከዚያም በሚቀንስ ምጣኔ ይጨምራል	Positive ሆኖ maximum ላይ ይደርሳል፣ ከዚያም ይቀንሳል	ወደ maximum ደረጃው ይጨምራል
Stage II	በሚቀንስ ምጣኔ እስከ maximum ድረስ ይጨምራል	Positive ሆኖ ወደ zero ይቀንሳል	ይቀንሳል፣ ነገር ግን positive ሆኖ ይቀራል
Stage III	ይቀንሳል	Negative ይሆናል	ይቀንሳል፣ ነገር ግን positive ሆኖ ይቀራል

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በአጭር ጊዜ የምርት ሂደት ውስጥ ያሉትን የምርት ደረጃዎች እና የኩርባዎችን ባህሪ ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

አትራፊ ድርጅት ሁልጊዜ በ Stage II ውስጥ ያመርታል። በ Stage III ውስጥ MPL አሉታዊ ስለሚሆን ተጨማሪ ሠራተኛ ማሰማራት ምርትን ይቀንሳል።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 49-67 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 3 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

In economics, what defines the short run period of production?

A.All factors of production are variable
B.At least one factor of production is fixed
C.Total fixed cost is zero
D.Total output is at its highest point

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B At least one factor of production is fixed

ምክንያቱ

The short run refers to the time period over which at least one factor of production (such as land or capital) is fixed.

ጥያቄ 2

A small workshop in Addis Ababa has a total fixed cost (TFC) of 100 birr and a total variable cost (TVC) of 75 birr. What is its total cost (TC)?

A.25 birr
B.75 birr
C.100 birr
D.175 birr

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ D 175 birr

ምክንያቱ

Total cost is the sum of total fixed cost and total variable cost: TC = TFC + TVC = 100 + 75 = 175 birr.

ጥያቄ 3

Which curve shows all possible efficient combinations of two inputs that yield the same level of output?

A.Isoquant curve
B.Total product curve
C.Average product curve
D.Marginal cost curve

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Isoquant curve

ምክንያቱ

An isoquant is a curve that shows all possible efficient combinations of inputs that can yield an equal level of output.

ጥያቄ 4

When the marginal product of labor (MP_L) is equal to zero, what is true about total product (TP)?

A.TP is zero
B.TP is at its maximum
C.TP is at its minimum
D.TP is decreasing at an increasing rate

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B TP is at its maximum

ምክንያቱ

According to the relationship between production curves, MP reaches zero when TP reaches its maximum.

ጥያቄ 5

A farmer in Ada'a employs 4 workers on 1 hectare of land to produce 30 quintals of teff. What is the average product of labor (AP_L)?

A.6.33 quintals
B.7.50 quintals
C.8.00 quintals
D.11.00 quintals

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 7.50 quintals

ምክንያቱ

Average Product of Labor is calculated as total product divided by labor: APL = TP / L = 30 / 4 = 7.5 quintals.

ጥያቄ 6

A firm's total cost is 190 birr when producing 5 units, and 200 birr when producing 6 units. What is the marginal cost (MC) of the 6th unit?

A.10 birr
B.16.67 birr
C.33.33 birr
D.190 birr

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A 10 birr

ምክንያቱ

Marginal cost is the change in total cost divided by the change in output: MC = (200 - 190) / (6 - 5) = 10 birr.

ጥያቄ 7

What occurs during Stage III of the production process?

A.Marginal product is positive and rising
B.Total product increases at a decreasing rate
C.Marginal product is negative and total product declines
D.Average product is equal to marginal product

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Marginal product is negative and total product declines

ምክንያቱ

Stage III is the negative returns stage, where MP is negative and adding more variable inputs causes TP to decrease.

ጥያቄ 8

What is the relationship between marginal product (MP_L) and average product (AP_L) when AP_L is at its maximum?

A.MPL is greater than APL
B.MPL is equal to APL
C.MPL is less than APL
D.MPL is equal to zero

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B MPL is equal to APL

ምክንያቱ

When the average product curve reaches its maximum point, marginal product is exactly equal to average product (AP = MP).

ጥያቄ 9

What does the slope of an isoquant, known as the marginal rate of technical substitution (MRTS_L,K), represent?

A.The total cost of combining labor and capital
B.The amount by which capital can be reduced when one extra unit of labor is used so output stays constant
C.The percentage change in output caused by doubling all inputs
D.The maximum quantity of output that can be produced using only capital

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The amount by which capital can be reduced when one extra unit of labor is used so output stays constant

ምክንያቱ

MRTS of labor for capital shows the amount by which capital input can be reduced when one additional unit of labor is added, keeping total output unchanged.

ጥያቄ 10

A factory increases all of its inputs by 20 percent. If its output also increases by exactly 20 percent, the firm is experiencing: