የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ ምዕራፍ 6፦ የኢኮኖሚ እድገት

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 6 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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የምዕራፍ 6 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
114–133
የምዕራፍ 6 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 6 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.Macroeconomic Variables
  2. 2.Definition and Measurement of Economic Growth
  3. 3.Sources of Economic Growth
  4. 4.The Weaknesses of Using GDP /GDP Per Capita
  5. 5.The Business Cycle and Its Phases

የምዕራፍ 6 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

g=RGDPt−RGDPt−1RGDPt−1×100g = \frac{\text{RGDP}_t - \text{RGDP}_{t-1}}{\text{RGDP}_{t-1}} \times 100
gg
የእውነተኛ አጠቃላይ የሀገር ውስጥ ምርት የዕድገት ምጣኔ%
RGDPt\text{RGDP}_t
በተያዘው ዓመት t ውስጥ ያለው እውነተኛ GDPUSDUSD
RGDPt−1\text{RGDP}_{t-1}
ባለፈው ዓመት t-1 የነበረው እውነተኛ GDPUSDUSD

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ከአንድ ዓመት ወደ ቀጣዩ ዓመት ያለውን የእውነተኛ ሀገራዊ ምርት የመቶኛ ለውጥ ለማስላት ይህንን ቀመር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

ምንጊዜም ማካፈል ያለብዎት ለመነሻው ዓመት እውነተኛ GDP (t-1) እንጂ ለአሁኑ ዓመት እውነተኛ GDP (t) መሆን የለበትም።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 114-133 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የምርት መጠን መጨመርን ከሰፊው ማህበራዊ እና ተቋማዊ ለውጥ ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ዕድገት እና ልማት ተመሳሳይ ቃላት አይደሉም፤ ዕድገት ለልማት መኖር አስፈላጊ ቅድመ ሁኔታ እንጂ በራሱ በቂ አይደለም።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 114-133 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Per Capita RGDPt=RGDPtPopulationt\text{Per Capita RGDP}_t = \frac{\text{RGDP}_t}{\text{Population}_t}
Per Capita RGDPt\text{Per Capita RGDP}_t
በዓመት t የነፍስ ወከፍ እውነተኛ GDPUSD/person\text{USD/person}
RGDPt\text{RGDP}_t
በዓመት t ጠቅላላ እውነተኛ GDPUSDUSD
Populationt\text{Population}_t
በዓመት t ጠቅላላ የሕዝብ ብዛትperson\text{person}

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የኑሮ ደረጃን የሚያመለክተውን አማካይ የነፍስ ወከፍ ኢኮኖሚያዊ ምርት ለማስላት ይህንን ቀመር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

የነፍስ ወከፍ GDP አማካይ ቁጥር በመሆኑ የገቢ ክፍፍል ልዩነትን እና ከገበያ ውጪ የሚከናወኑ ተግባራትን አያሳይም።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 114-133 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

ደረጃኢኮኖሚያዊ ባህሪያት
Boom / Peakእየጨመረ የሚሄድ demand፣ ዋጋዎች፣ investment፣ employment እና ገቢዎች።
Recessionየ investment እና employment ቅነሳ፤ እየቀነሰ የሚሄድ ገቢ፣ demand እና ዋጋዎች።
Depression / Slump / Troughዝቅተኛው የ business confidence ደረጃ፤ investment፣ output እና ዋጋዎች ዝቅተኛው ወለል ላይ ይደርሳሉ።
Recovery / Expansionቀጣይነት ያለው የ investment፣ output፣ employment እና የዋጋዎች ወደ ላይ እድገት።

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የማክሮ ኢኮኖሚ መዋዠቅ የሚያልፍባቸውን አራት ተከታታይ ደረጃዎች ለመግለጽ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የንግድ ዑደት መዋዠቆች መደበኛ ባልሆነ እና አስቀድሞ መተንበይ በማይቻል ሁኔታ የሚከሰቱ እንጂ ቋሚ የጊዜ ርዝማኔ ያላቸው አይደሉም።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 114-133 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የገቢ ምድብየነፍስ ወከፍ GNI ክልል (2008 USD)
ዝቅተኛ ገቢ ያላቸው ሀገራት (LICs)<=$975<=\$975
ዝቅተኛ መካከለኛ ገቢ ያላቸው ሀገራት (LMCs)$976−$3,855\$976 - \$3{,}855
ከፍተኛ መካከለኛ ገቢ ያላቸው ሀገራት (UMCs)$3,856−$11,906\$3{,}856 - \$11{,}906
ከፍተኛ ገቢ ያላቸው ሀገራት>=$11,907>=\$11{,}907

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ሀገራትን በነፍስ ወከፍ ጠቅላላ የብሔራዊ ገቢ ደረጃቸው መሠረት ለመመደብ ይህንን ሰንጠረዥ ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

የዝቅተኛ መካከለኛ ገቢ ወሰንን ($976 እስከ $3,855) ከከፍተኛ መካከለኛ ገቢ ወሰን ($3,856 እስከ $11,906) ጋር እንዳያምታቱ።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 114-133 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 6 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

What is the current account balance (trade balance) of a country equal to?

  1. A.Exports minus Imports
  2. B.Imports minus Exports
  3. C.Real GDP divided by Population
  4. D.Total Output plus Inflation
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Exports minus Imports

ምክንያቱ

According to the textbook, current account or trade balance is calculated as Exports (X) - Imports (M).

ጥያቄ 2

A farmer in a rural area who is temporarily unable to farm during the drought period is experiencing which type of unemployment?

  1. A.Frictional unemployment
  2. B.Seasonal unemployment
  3. C.Structural unemployment
  4. D.Cyclical unemployment
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Seasonal unemployment

ምክንያቱ

Seasonal unemployment is caused by the time of year, such as drought time for farmers.

ጥያቄ 3

Which phase of the business cycle is reached when business confidence is at its lowest and investment, employment, output, and prices touch the bottom?

  1. A.Depression or slump
  2. B.Prosperity or boom
  3. C.Recovery
  4. D.Expansion
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Depression or slump

ምክንያቱ

Depression (or slump/trough) is the stage where business confidence is lowest and economic variables like investment, employment, and prices hit the bottom.

ጥያቄ 4

Which determinant of productivity refers to the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience?

  1. A.Physical capital per worker
  2. B.Human capital per worker
  3. C.Natural resources per worker
  4. D.Technological knowledge
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Human capital per worker

ምክንያቱ

Human capital is the term economists use for the skills and knowledge that workers gain from schooling, training, and work experience.

ጥያቄ 5

Suppose Ethiopia had a Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) of 100 billion birr in year 1 and 110 billion birr in year 2. What was the economic growth rate?

  1. A.5%
  2. B.10%
  3. C.15%
  4. D.20%
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 10%

ምክንያቱ

The formula for the growth rate is [(RGDPt - RGDPt-1) / RGDPt-1] * 100%. Here: [(110 - 100) / 100] * 100% = 10%.

ጥያቄ 6

Under the World Bank classification system based on 2008 data, low-income countries (LICs) are defined as having a per capita gross national income of:

  1. A.$975 or less
  2. B.Between $976 and $3,855
  3. C.Between $3,856 and $11,906
  4. D.$11,907 or more
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A $975 or less

ምክንያቱ

The textbook notes that low-income countries (LICs) are defined as having a per capita gross national income in 2008 of $975 or less.

ጥያቄ 7

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes economic growth from economic development?

  1. A.Economic growth is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for economic development.
  2. B.Economic development is a subset of economic growth.
  3. C.Economic growth requires progressive changes in political and social structures, while development only measures GDP.
  4. D.Economic development can easily occur without any economic growth taking place.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Economic growth is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for economic development.

ምክንያቱ

Growth is a subset of development. Economic growth can happen without development, but economic growth is a necessary but not sufficient condition for economic development.

ጥያቄ 8

Which of the following is excluded from Gross Domestic Product (GDP) because it takes place outside market transactions?

  1. A.Child care provided by parents at home
  2. B.Child care services provided in paid day-care centers
  3. C.A meal cooked and sold at a restaurant in Addis Ababa
  4. D.Teff harvested and sold in an open market
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Child care provided by parents at home

ምክንያቱ

GDP uses market prices and leaves out goods and services produced at home for personal family use, such as parental child care.

ጥያቄ 9

Long-run economic growth is typically accompanied by structural changes in the economy. How is this structural transformation characterized?

  1. A.A fall in the share of agriculture in both GDP and workforce, and a rise in industry and services
  2. B.An increase in the agricultural workforce and a decline in factory production
  3. C.A complete shift from manufactured goods to primary agricultural exports
  4. D.A decrease in urban employment and an increase in subsistence farming
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A A fall in the share of agriculture in both GDP and workforce, and a rise in industry and services

ምክንያቱ

Structural changes are characterized by industrialization: a fall in the share of agriculture in both GDP and the workforce, and a corresponding increase in the share of industrial and service sectors.

ጥያቄ 10

According to researchers Kefer and Knack (1997) in the textbook, why have poor countries failed to catch up with rich countries?

  1. A.Deficient institutions such as corruption, weak rule of law, and contract repudiation
  2. B.An absolute lack of natural resources such as land and rivers
  3. C.Having domestic saving rates that are too high for their financial systems
  4. D.Rapid technological advances that lowered the productivity of capital
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Deficient institutions such as corruption, weak rule of law, and contract repudiation

ምክንያቱ

Kefer and Knack argued that deficient institutions in poor countries (lack of institutional quality, corruption, lack of rule of law) prevent them from catching up with wealthy nations.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 6 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 6 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 114 እስከ ገጽ 133 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 193 ገጾች

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