Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 6 Diinagdee kutaa 10: Guddina Dinagdee

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 6 kitaaba Diinagdee kutaa 10 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

Google Play irraa buufadhaa
5
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 6
114–133
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 6

Boqonnaan 6 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Macroeconomic Variables
  2. 2.Definition and Measurement of Economic Growth
  3. 3.Sources of Economic Growth
  4. 4.The Weaknesses of Using GDP /GDP Per Capita
  5. 5.The Business Cycle and Its Phases

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 6

Kaardiiwwan fuula Diinagdee kutaa 10 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

g=RGDPt−RGDPt−1RGDPt−1×100g = \frac{\text{RGDP}_t - \text{RGDP}_{t-1}}{\text{RGDP}_{t-1}} \times 100
gg
Reetii guddina Oomisha Waliigalaa Biyya Keessaa Dhugaa%
RGDPt\text{RGDP}_t
Waggaa ammaa t keessatti RGDPUSDUSD
RGDPt−1\text{RGDP}_{t-1}
Waggaa darbe t-1 keessatti RGDPUSDUSD

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Jijjiirama dhibbeentaa oomisha biyyaalessaa dhugaa waggaa tokkorraa gara wagaa itti aanutti jiru shallaguuf foormulaa kanatti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Yeroo hunda RGDP waggaa ka'umsaatiif (t-1) hiraa malee RGDP waggaa ammatiif (t) miti.

Grade 10 Economics, fuula 114-133 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Daballii oomishaa fi jijjiirama caasaa hawaas-dinagdee bal'aa ta'e gargar baasuuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Akka jechoota walfakkaataatti hin ilaalin: guddini misoomaaf ulaagaa barbaachisaa dha malee qofaa isaa ga'aa miti.

Grade 10 Economics, fuula 114-133 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Per Capita RGDPt=RGDPtPopulationt\text{Per Capita RGDP}_t = \frac{\text{RGDP}_t}{\text{Population}_t}
Per Capita RGDPt\text{Per Capita RGDP}_t
Waggaa t keessatti RGDP nama tokkooUSD/person\text{USD/person}
RGDPt\text{RGDP}_t
Waggaa t keessatti waliigala RGDPUSDUSD
Populationt\text{Population}_t
Waggaa t keessatti baay'ina uummata waliigalaaperson\text{person}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Giddu-galeessa oomisha diinagdee nama tokkoo kan sadarkaa jireenyaa agarsiisu shallaguuf foormulaa kanatti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

RGDP nama tokkoo giddu-galeessa waan ta'eef qoodinsa galii fi sochiiwwan gabaan alaa hin calaqqisiisu.

Grade 10 Economics, fuula 114-133 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

MarsaaAmaloota Diinagdee
Boom / PeakDaballii demand, gatiiwwanii, investment, employment fi galiiwwanii.
RecessionHir'ina investment fi employment keessatti mul'atu; gadi bu'uu galiiwwanii, demand fi gatiiwwanii.
Depression / Slump / TroughBusiness confidence isa gadi aanaa; investment, output fi gatiiwwan sadarkaa isa xiqqaarra ga'u.
Recovery / ExpansionSochii olka'iinsaa itti fufiinsa qabu kan investment, output, employment fi gatiiwwanii keessatti mul'atu.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Marsaalee walitti aanan afur kanneen jijjiirama diinagdee mul'isan ibsuuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Jijjiiramoonni marsaa daldalaa kan hin baramnee fi tilmaamuuf rakkisoo dha malee yeroo murtaa'aa qabatanii hin dhufan.

Grade 10 Economics, fuula 114-133 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Ramaddii GaliiHanga GNI Nama Tokkoo (2008 USD)
Biyyoota galii gadi-aanaa qaban (LICs)<=$975<=\$975
Biyyoota galii giddu-galeessaa gadi-aanaa qaban (LMCs)$976−$3,855\$976 - \$3{,}855
Biyyoota galii giddu-galeessaa ol-aanaa qaban (UMCs)$3,856−$11,906\$3{,}856 - \$11{,}906
Biyyoota galii ol-aanaa qaban>=$11,907>=\$11{,}907

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Sadarkaa galii biyyaalessaa waliigalaa nama tokkoo irratti hundaa'uun diinagdee biyyootaa ramaduuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Daangaa galii giddu-galeessaa gadii ($976 hanga $3,855) kan giddu-galeessaa olii ($3,856 hanga $11,906) wajjin walitti hin makin.

Grade 10 Economics, fuula 114-133 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 6

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What is the current account balance (trade balance) of a country equal to?

  1. A.Exports minus Imports
  2. B.Imports minus Exports
  3. C.Real GDP divided by Population
  4. D.Total Output plus Inflation
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Exports minus Imports

Sababa

According to the textbook, current account or trade balance is calculated as Exports (X) - Imports (M).

Gaaffii 2

A farmer in a rural area who is temporarily unable to farm during the drought period is experiencing which type of unemployment?

  1. A.Frictional unemployment
  2. B.Seasonal unemployment
  3. C.Structural unemployment
  4. D.Cyclical unemployment
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Seasonal unemployment

Sababa

Seasonal unemployment is caused by the time of year, such as drought time for farmers.

Gaaffii 3

Which phase of the business cycle is reached when business confidence is at its lowest and investment, employment, output, and prices touch the bottom?

  1. A.Depression or slump
  2. B.Prosperity or boom
  3. C.Recovery
  4. D.Expansion
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Depression or slump

Sababa

Depression (or slump/trough) is the stage where business confidence is lowest and economic variables like investment, employment, and prices hit the bottom.

Gaaffii 4

Which determinant of productivity refers to the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience?

  1. A.Physical capital per worker
  2. B.Human capital per worker
  3. C.Natural resources per worker
  4. D.Technological knowledge
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Human capital per worker

Sababa

Human capital is the term economists use for the skills and knowledge that workers gain from schooling, training, and work experience.

Gaaffii 5

Suppose Ethiopia had a Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) of 100 billion birr in year 1 and 110 billion birr in year 2. What was the economic growth rate?

  1. A.5%
  2. B.10%
  3. C.15%
  4. D.20%
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 10%

Sababa

The formula for the growth rate is [(RGDPt - RGDPt-1) / RGDPt-1] * 100%. Here: [(110 - 100) / 100] * 100% = 10%.

Gaaffii 6

Under the World Bank classification system based on 2008 data, low-income countries (LICs) are defined as having a per capita gross national income of:

  1. A.$975 or less
  2. B.Between $976 and $3,855
  3. C.Between $3,856 and $11,906
  4. D.$11,907 or more
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A $975 or less

Sababa

The textbook notes that low-income countries (LICs) are defined as having a per capita gross national income in 2008 of $975 or less.

Gaaffii 7

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes economic growth from economic development?

  1. A.Economic growth is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for economic development.
  2. B.Economic development is a subset of economic growth.
  3. C.Economic growth requires progressive changes in political and social structures, while development only measures GDP.
  4. D.Economic development can easily occur without any economic growth taking place.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Economic growth is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for economic development.

Sababa

Growth is a subset of development. Economic growth can happen without development, but economic growth is a necessary but not sufficient condition for economic development.

Gaaffii 8

Which of the following is excluded from Gross Domestic Product (GDP) because it takes place outside market transactions?

  1. A.Child care provided by parents at home
  2. B.Child care services provided in paid day-care centers
  3. C.A meal cooked and sold at a restaurant in Addis Ababa
  4. D.Teff harvested and sold in an open market
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Child care provided by parents at home

Sababa

GDP uses market prices and leaves out goods and services produced at home for personal family use, such as parental child care.

Gaaffii 9

Long-run economic growth is typically accompanied by structural changes in the economy. How is this structural transformation characterized?

  1. A.A fall in the share of agriculture in both GDP and workforce, and a rise in industry and services
  2. B.An increase in the agricultural workforce and a decline in factory production
  3. C.A complete shift from manufactured goods to primary agricultural exports
  4. D.A decrease in urban employment and an increase in subsistence farming
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A A fall in the share of agriculture in both GDP and workforce, and a rise in industry and services

Sababa

Structural changes are characterized by industrialization: a fall in the share of agriculture in both GDP and the workforce, and a corresponding increase in the share of industrial and service sectors.

Gaaffii 10

According to researchers Kefer and Knack (1997) in the textbook, why have poor countries failed to catch up with rich countries?

  1. A.Deficient institutions such as corruption, weak rule of law, and contract repudiation
  2. B.An absolute lack of natural resources such as land and rivers
  3. C.Having domestic saving rates that are too high for their financial systems
  4. D.Rapid technological advances that lowered the productivity of capital
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Deficient institutions such as corruption, weak rule of law, and contract repudiation

Sababa

Kefer and Knack argued that deficient institutions in poor countries (lack of institutional quality, corruption, lack of rule of law) prevent them from catching up with wealthy nations.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 6

Boqonnaan 6 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 114 hanga fuula 133 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 193

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Diinagdee kutaa 10 hunda

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