የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ ምዕራፍ 7፦ የኢትዮጵያ ኢኮኖሚ

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 7 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

5
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 7 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 134–160
የምዕራፍ 7 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 7 የሚሸፍነው

1.Compnents of Gross Domostic Product (GDP)
2.Real GDP Vs Nomail GDP
3.The Agricultural Secotor in the Ethiopian Economy
4.The Industrial Sector in the Ethiopian Economy
5.The Service Sector in the Ethiopian Economy
6.Agriculture versus Industrial Development

የምዕራፍ 7 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ያሉ የእርሻ ስርዓቶችየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥአነስተኛ ይዞታ እርሻ (Smallholder farming) · የአርብቶ አደር ስርዓት (Pastoral system) · የንግድ እርሻ (Commercial farming)

የእርሻ ስርዓት	የመሬት እና የምርት ሽፋን	ዋና መገለጫዎች
አነስተኛ ይዞታ እርሻ (Smallholder farming)	> 90% የግብርና ምርት፣ 95% የሰብል ሽፋን ስፋት	ድብልቅ እርሻ (mixed farming)፣ ከ 86% በላይ የሚሆኑት ከ 2 hectares በታች ያርሳሉ
የአርብቶ አደር ስርዓት (Pastoral system)	40% የመሬት ስፋት፣ 5.5 million ሕዝብ	ደረቃማ ቆላማ አካባቢዎች፣ በእንስሳት እርባታ ላይ የተመሰረተ፣ የዘላን እንቅስቃሴ
የንግድ እርሻ (Commercial farming)	< 10% የግብርና ምርት፣ 5% የሰብል ሽፋን ስፋት	በማሽን የታገዘ ወይም በመስኖ የሚለማ፣ ትላልቅ የመንግስት ወይም የግል እርሻዎች

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ያሉትን ሶስቱን ዋና ዋና የግብርና ማምረቻ ስርዓቶች ለማነጻጸር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

አነስተኛ ይዞታ እርሻ አብዛኛውን ምርት እና መሬት የሚሸፍን ሲሆን፣ አርብቶ አደርነት ደግሞ 40% የሚሆነውን የቆላማ መሬት ይሸፍናል።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 134-160 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

GDP Deflatorቀመር

\text{GDP Deflator} = \frac{\text{Nominal GDP}}{\text{Real GDP}} \times 100

\text{GDP Deflator} = \frac{\text{Nominal GDP}}{\text{Real GDP}} \times 100

$\text{GDP Deflator}$: የዋጋ ደረጃ መለኪያ (GDP Deflator) $dimensionless$
$\text{Nominal GDP}$: በወቅታዊ ዋጋ የተሰላ ምርት (Nominal GDP) $ETB$
$\text{Real GDP}$: በመሰረታዊ ዓመት ቋሚ ዋጋ የተሰላ ምርት (Real GDP) $ETB$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

አማካይ የዋጋ ደረጃን ለመለካት እና የዋጋ ለውጥን ከምርት መጠን ለውጥ ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

በተመረጠው የመሰረታዊ ዓመት Nominal GDP እና Real GDP እኩል ስለሆኑ የ GDP Deflator ሁልጊዜ 100 ይሆናል።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 134-160 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የ GDP የወጪ ክፍሎችቀመር

Y = C + I + G + NX

Y = C + I + G + NX

$Y$: ጠቅላላ የአገር ውስጥ ምርት (GDP) $ETB$
$C$: የቤተሰብ የ Consumption ወጪ $ETB$
$I$: የካፒታል ዕቃዎች እና ግንባታዎች Investment ወጪ $ETB$
$G$: የመንግስት የዕቃዎች እና አገልግሎቶች ግዢ (Government Purchases) $ETB$
$NX$: የተጣራ ንግድ (Net Exports = Exports ሲቀነስ Imports) $ETB$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በወጪ ዘዴ አጠቃላይ Gross Domestic Product ን ለማስላት ይህንን ቀመር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

Net Exports ማለት Exports ሲቀነስ Imports ነው። Imports በሌሎች ወጪዎች ውስጥ አስቀድመው ስለተካተቱ መቀነስ አለባቸው።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 134-160 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የዋጋ ግሽበት በ GDP Deflatorቀመር

\text{Inflation Rate} = \frac{\text{Deflator}_2 - \text{Deflator}_1}{\text{Deflator}_1} \times 100

\text{Inflation Rate} = \frac{\text{Deflator}_2 - \text{Deflator}_1}{\text{Deflator}_1} \times 100

$\text{Inflation Rate}$: የዋጋ ግሽበት መጠን (Inflation Rate) $\%$
$\text{Deflator}_2$: የወቅቱ ዓመት GDP Deflator $dimensionless$
$\text{Deflator}_1$: ያለፈው ዓመት GDP Deflator $dimensionless$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በሁለት ተከታታይ ዓመታት መካከል ያለውን ዓመታዊ የዋጋ ግሽበት በ GDP Deflator አማካኝነት ለማስላት ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

ሁልጊዜ ማካፈል ያለብዎት ለመጀመሪያው ዓመት deflator እንጂ ለሁለተኛው ዓመት አይደለም።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 134-160 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Transfer Payments እና አዲስ መኖሪያ ቤትን በስህተት መመደብየተለመደ ስህተት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የአገር ውስጥ ወጪዎችን በ Consumption፣ Investment እና Government Purchases ስር ሲመድቡ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

እንደ ጡረታ ያሉ Transfer Payments አዲስ ምርትን ስለማይወክሉ በ Government Purchases ውስጥ አይካተቱም። አዲስ መኖሪያ ቤት ግዢ በ Investment ስር እንጂ በ Consumption ስር አይመደብም።

ከGrade 10 Economics፣ ገጽ 134-160 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 7 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

Under GDP expenditure accounting, which of the following household purchases is classified as investment rather than consumption?

A.The purchase of a new house
B.Spending on medical services
C.Spending on school tuition and books
D.The purchase of a new television

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A The purchase of a new house

ምክንያቱ

By convention in national income accounting, the purchase of a new house is the only household expenditure categorized as investment rather than consumption.

ጥያቄ 2

Why are government transfer payments, such as pension benefits or unemployment support, excluded from government purchases in GDP?

A.They are not made in exchange for a currently produced good or service.
B.They are counted under household investment spending instead.
C.They are only paid to foreign citizens living abroad.
D.They directly reduce the total tax collection of the nation.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A They are not made in exchange for a currently produced good or service.

ምክንያቱ

Transfer payments alter household income, but because they are not payments for currently produced goods or services, they are not included in GDP.

ጥያቄ 3

Which farming system is the dominant system in Ethiopia, producing more than 90 percent of total agricultural output?

A.The smallholder farming system
B.The pastoral nomadic system
C.The state farm enterprise system
D.The modern commercial farming system

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A The smallholder farming system

ምክንያቱ

The smallholder farming system is the dominant system in Ethiopia, accounting for over 90 percent of agricultural production and about 95 percent of crop area.

ጥያቄ 4

What is the development strategy adopted by Ethiopia that considers the agricultural sector as the leading force to develop industry?

A.ADLI (Agricultural Development Led Industrialization)
B.Heavy Industry Priority Strategy
C.Import Substitution Strategy
D.Service Sector Expansion Model

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A ADLI (Agricultural Development Led Industrialization)

ምክንያቱ

ADLI (Agricultural Development Led Industrialization) views agriculture as the dynamic leading sector that provides raw materials, food, and surplus to drive industrial growth.

ጥያቄ 5

If nominal GDP rises from one year to the next while real GDP remains unchanged, what has happened in the economy?

A.The prices of goods and services increased, but output stayed the same.
B.The total physical quantity of production increased.
C.Both prices and output decreased by equal percentages.
D.The population decreased while productivity increased.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A The prices of goods and services increased, but output stayed the same.

ምክንያቱ

Real GDP measures output using constant base-year prices. If nominal GDP rises while real GDP stays constant, the increase is entirely due to higher prices.

ጥያቄ 6

In a given year, an economy has a nominal GDP of 60,000 birr and a real GDP of 40,000 birr. What is the GDP deflator for that year?

A.150
B.67
C.100
D.240

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A 150

ምክንያቱ

The GDP deflator is calculated as (Nominal GDP / Real GDP) * 100. Therefore, (60,000 / 40,000) * 100 = 1.5 * 100 = 150.

ጥያቄ 7

Which sub-sector contributes the largest share (about 65 percent) to Ethiopia's agricultural GDP?

A.Crop production
B.Animal husbandry
C.Forestry
D.Fishery

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Crop production

ምክንያቱ

Crop production accounts for about 65% of agricultural GDP in Ethiopia, animal husbandry contributes 25%, and forestry and fishing make up the remaining 10%.

ጥያቄ 8

Within the Ethiopian manufacturing sub-sector, which industry generates the largest share of foreign exchange earnings?

A.Textiles
B.Food and beverages
C.Leather and footwear
D.Wood and furniture

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Textiles

ምክንያቱ

Textiles generate 41.5% of the manufacturing sector's foreign exchange earnings, followed by food and beverages at 32.9%.

ጥያቄ 9

A resident in Addis Ababa purchases an imported automobile from Japan for 400,000 birr. How does this transaction affect Ethiopia's GDP components and total GDP?

A.Consumption rises by 400,000 birr, net exports fall by 400,000 birr, and total GDP remains unchanged.
B.Net exports fall by 400,000 birr, and total GDP falls by 400,000 birr.
C.Investment rises by 400,000 birr, net exports fall by 400,000 birr, and total GDP rises.
D.Consumption rises by 400,000 birr, net exports rise by 400,000 birr, and total GDP rises by 800,000 birr.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Consumption rises by 400,000 birr, net exports fall by 400,000 birr, and total GDP remains unchanged.

ምክንያቱ

Buying an imported car increases consumer spending (C) by 400,000 birr and reduces net exports (NX) by 400,000 birr. Because the good was produced abroad, total GDP (Y = C + I + G + NX) is not affected.

ጥያቄ 10

Suppose a manufacturing firm in Mojo produces 50,000 birr worth of shoes in 2023 but does not sell them, placing them into warehouse storage. How is this output treated in 2023 GDP accounting?

A.It is counted as inventory investment spending by the firm.
B.It is recorded under household consumption expenditure.
C.It is excluded from 2023 GDP until the shoes are finally sold.
D.It is recorded as a government purchase of goods.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A It is counted as inventory investment spending by the firm.

ምክንያቱ

When goods are added to inventory, national income accountants treat the firm as purchasing the goods for itself, counting them as part of investment (I) in that period.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 7 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 7 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 134 እስከ ገጽ 160 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 193 ገጾች

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ሁሉም የ10ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

ይህን ምዕራፍ በመተግበሪያው ይለማመዱ

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Temari.et ለ Android ስልኮች መተግበሪያ አለው፤ በ Google Play ላይ በነጻ ይገኛል።

ስለ Temari መተግበሪያ