የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ጂኦግራፊ ምዕራፍ 7፦ ጂኦግራፊያዊ ጉዳዮች እና የህዝብ አሳሳቢ ሁኔታዎች በአፍሪካ

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የጂኦግራፊ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 7 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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የምዕራፍ 7 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
152–165
የምዕራፍ 7 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 7 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.Unplanned urbanization
  2. 2.Migration: factors and impacts on Africa
  3. 3.Coastal pollution in Africa

የምዕራፍ 7 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የጂኦግራፊ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

ምድብዋና መገለጫዎች እና መንስኤዎችተያያዥ መዘዞች
ምክንያቶችየቅኝ ግዛት ውርስ፣ የ IMF structural adjustment፣ neoliberal ፖሊሲዎች፣ ደካማ የፕላን ተቋማትያልተገደበ መስፋፋት እና ከፍተኛ urban primacy
ማህበራዊና ኢኮኖሚያዊ ተፅዕኖዎችየከተሞችን carrying capacity የሚበልጥ ፈጣን ከገጠር ወደ ከተማ ፍልሰትየ slums እና squatter መስፋፋት፣ 60 percent ስራዎች በ informal economy ውስጥ መሆን፣ ማህበራዊ አለመረጋጋት
አካባቢያዊ እና ጤናለውሃ፣ ለቆሻሻ፣ ለፍሳሽ ማስወገጃ እና ለኤሌክትሪክ በቂ ያልሆነ infrastructureየ communicable disease ወረርሽኞች መከሰት እና ለአየር ንብረት የጎርፍ አደጋ ከፍተኛ ተጋላጭነት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የአፍሪካ ከተሞች ያለ እቅድ ለምን እንደሚስፋፉ እና የሚያስከትሉትን ማህበራዊና ኢኮኖሚያዊ ችግሮች ለማብራራት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የከተሞች መስፋፋት በራሱ ጎጂ አይደለም፤ ነገር ግን የእቅድ ማነስ፣ ደካማ ተቋማት እና የመዋቅር ማስተካከያ ፖሊሲዎች ችግሮችን ያባብሳሉ።

ከGrade 10 Geography፣ ገጽ 152-165 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምክንያት አይነትመሰረታዊ ገፊ ሁኔታዎችየእንቅስቃሴው ባህሪ
Push Factorsድህነት፣ ስራ አጥነት፣ ዝቅተኛ ክፍያ፣ ደካማ አስተዳደር፣ ጦርነት፣ ድርቅ፣ ራብበፈቃደኝነት የሚደረግ ኢኮኖሚያዊ ፍለጋ ወይም አስገዳጅ መፈናቀል
Pull Factorsየተሻለ የስራ ዕድል፣ ከፍተኛ ገቢ፣ የተሻለ ደህንነት፣ የላቀ ትምህርት እና ጤናወደ መዳረሻ የሚደረግ በፈቃደኝነት ላይ የተመሰረተ ስደት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ሰዎችን ከመነሻቸው የሚያስወጡትን እና ወደ መዳረሻቸው የሚስቡትን ሁኔታዎች ለመለየት በዚህ ካርድ ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

የተፈጥሮ አደጋዎች እና ግጭቶች አስገዳጅ ስደትን ሲያስከትሉ፣ የተሻለ የስራ ክፍያ እና የትምህርት እድል ደግሞ የፈቃደኝነት ስደትን ያመጣሉ።

ከGrade 10 Geography፣ ገጽ 152-165 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምንጭ ምድብመነሻዎችዋና ዋና በካዮች
የየብስ ምንጮችየከተማ ፍሳሽ ቆሻሻ፣ የኢንዱስትሪ ፈሳሽ፣ የግብርና እና የከተማ የጎርፍ ፍሳሽሊበሰብሱ የሚችሉ ኦርጋኒክ ቁሶች፣ ከባድ ብረቶች፣ ከመጠን ያለፈ ናይትሮጅን፣ የፕላስቲክ ቆሻሻ
የባህር ምንጮችየመርከብ ፍሳሾች፣ የቢልጅ ውሃ (bilgewater)፣ የባህር ወለል ማዕድን ፍለጋ እና ቁፋሮ፣ ድንገተኛ የነዳጅ መፍሰስየፔትሮሊየም ሃይድሮካርቦኖች፣ የቆሻሻ መጣያ፣ ዘላቂ መርዛማ ኬሚካሎች

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የአፍሪካ የባህር ዳርቻዎችን የሚበክሉ ምንጮችን፣ መንገዶችን እና የበካይ አይነቶችን ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

እንደ ደቡብ አፍሪካ ባሉ አካባቢዎች ከ80 በመቶ በላይ የሚሆነው የባህር ብክለት የሚመነጨው ከየብስ ተግባራት እንጂ ከመርከቦች ብቻ አይደለም።

ከGrade 10 Geography፣ ገጽ 152-165 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 7 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

According to the textbook, what is meant by the term urban primacy?

  1. A.When one city has a population, economic activity, and political power several times greater than the next largest city
  2. B.When urban populations are equally distributed among all major cities in a country
  3. C.When the rural population is larger than the total urban population
  4. D.When a country establishes more than ten megacities within its territory
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A When one city has a population, economic activity, and political power several times greater than the next largest city

ምክንያቱ

The textbook defines urban primacy as a condition where one city (usually the capital) possesses population, economic activity, and political power several times greater than the next largest city.

ጥያቄ 2

In the textbook, what is the minimum population size used to define a megacity?

  1. A.Over 1 million
  2. B.Over 5 million
  3. C.Over 10 million
  4. D.Over 25 million
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Over 10 million

ምክንያቱ

The text states that megacities are cities with populations over 10 million people.

ጥያቄ 3

Which of the following is an example of forced migration according to the unit?

  1. A.Relocating to another town to seek better job opportunities
  2. B.Moving to escape war, drought, famine, or political conflicts
  3. C.Moving to another country to pursue higher university education
  4. D.Traveling to a city out of a desire to experience urban life
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Moving to escape war, drought, famine, or political conflicts

ምክንያቱ

Forced migration involves people who are compelled to leave their homes due to factors such as war, drought, famine, natural disasters, or political conflicts.

ጥያቄ 4

Which coastal ecosystems act as natural filters for sediment, excessive nitrogen, and wastes?

  1. A.Sand dunes and beaches
  2. B.Wetlands and mangroves
  3. C.Deep ocean trenches
  4. D.Sea cliffs and rocky shores
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Wetlands and mangroves

ምክንያቱ

The textbook explains that wetlands and mangroves act as natural filters for sediment, excessive nitrogen, and wastes along coastal areas.

ጥያቄ 5

By the year 2050, Africa's urban population is projected to reach approximately what number?

  1. A.500 million
  2. B.1.3 billion
  3. C.2.5 billion
  4. D.4.0 billion
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C 2.5 billion

ምክንያቱ

The textbook states that Africa's urban population is expected to reach 2.5 billion in 2050, accounting for 21% of the world's projected urban population.

ጥያቄ 6

According to the textbook, about what percentage of urban jobs in Africa are in the informal or grey economy?

  1. A.About 20 percent
  2. B.About 40 percent
  3. C.About 60 percent
  4. D.About 90 percent
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C About 60 percent

ምክንያቱ

The text notes that in African urban areas, unemployment is high and about 60 percent of jobs are in the informal or grey economy, which are neither taxed nor monitored by the government.

ጥያቄ 7

What was the average plastic consumption per person in Africa in 2015 compared to the global average?

  1. A.16 kg per person in Africa compared to 45 kg globally
  2. B.5 kg per person in Africa compared to 20 kg globally
  3. C.45 kg per person in Africa compared to 136 kg globally
  4. D.28 kg per person in Africa compared to 100 kg globally
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A 16 kg per person in Africa compared to 45 kg globally

ምክንያቱ

According to UNEP estimates in the textbook, plastic consumption in Africa in 2015 was 16 kg per person, compared to the global average of 45 kg per person.

ጥያቄ 8

What is identified as the most frequent cause of coastal water pollution in Africa?

  1. A.Discharge of municipal sewage and industrial wastes into coastal waters or estuaries
  2. B.Accidental leaks from deep-sea mineral extraction equipment
  3. C.Atmospheric dust storms over the open sea
  4. D.Dumping of organic fish waste by small coastal fishers
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Discharge of municipal sewage and industrial wastes into coastal waters or estuaries

ምክንያቱ

The textbook states that undoubtedly the most frequent cause of coastal pollution problems is the discharge of municipal sewage and industrial wastes into coastal waters or estuaries through low quality disposal facilities.

ጥያቄ 9

Which group of factors is directly listed in the textbook as underlying causes of unplanned urbanization in Africa?

  1. A.The legacy of colonialism, structural adjustment programs, and weak urban planning institutions
  2. B.Over-investment in urban public transport, low fertility rates, and balanced land use
  3. C.Excessive rural mechanization, heavy environmental taxation, and strict zoning laws
  4. D.Decreased rural-urban migration, strong local governance, and low housing costs
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A The legacy of colonialism, structural adjustment programs, and weak urban planning institutions

ምክንያቱ

The unit highlights that unplanned urbanization in Africa is shaped by unplanned growth, the legacy of colonialism, structural adjustment programs (IMF), neoliberalism policies, and weak urban planning institutions.

ጥያቄ 10

Which of the following is classified in the textbook as an economic push factor for migration in Africa?

  1. A.Perceived opportunities for high income at the destination
  2. B.Greater quality of education and health care in foreign cities
  3. C.Low wages, high levels of unemployment, and poverty in the area of origin
  4. D.Greater physical security and better governance in host nations
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Low wages, high levels of unemployment, and poverty in the area of origin

ምክንያቱ

Push factors are negative conditions at the place of origin that drive people away, such as low wages, high unemployment, poverty, and poor socio-economic conditions.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 7 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 7 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 152 እስከ ገጽ 165 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 204 ገጾች

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ሁሉም የ10ኛ ክፍል ጂኦግራፊ አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

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