የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ጂኦግራፊ ምዕራፍ 8፦ የጂኦስፓሻል መረጃ እና የዳታ ሂደት

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የጂኦግራፊ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 8 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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የምዕራፍ 8 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

ምዕራፍ 8 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.Basic concepts of geospatial information
  2. 2.Sources and tools of geographic data
  3. 3.Geographic data representations
  4. 4.Advances in mapmaking and the birth of geographic

የምዕራፍ 8 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የጂኦግራፊ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

ባህርይመረጃ (Data)ዕውቀት ወይም ቅንብር (Information)
የProcessing ሁኔታያልተሰሩ ጥሬ facts ወይም figuresበcontext ውስጥ processed የተደረገ እና የተደራጀ data
የSystem ሚናለcomputer system እንደ input ያገለግላልየdata ውጤት የሆነ output
ጥገኝነትበinformation ላይ አይመሰረትምበቀጥታ በdata ላይ ይወሰናል

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ያልተሰሩ ጥሬ ምልከታዎችን ከተሰናዱ እና ትርጉም ካላቸው ውጤቶች ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ዳታ ያልተሰራ ግብዓት ሲሆን፡ ኢንፎርሜሽን ግን ትርጉም እና አውድ የተሰጠው የተጠናቀረ ውጤት ነው።

ከGrade 10 Geography፣ ከገጽ 166 ጀምሮ የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

አካልመግለጫ እና ሚና
HardwareComputer እና እንደ printers፣ plotters እና scanners ያሉ ተጓዳኝ መሣሪያዎች
SoftwareGIS software፣ DBMS፣ OS እና network software ጨምሮ ተግባራት እና tools
DataSpatial data (vector፣ raster፣ image) እና attribute data
Methodsበጥሩ ሁኔታ የተነደፉ እቅዶች፣ procedures፣ specifications እና standards
Peopleከ technical specialists እና managers እስከ end users ያሉ ባለሙያዎች

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የጂኦግራፊያዊ መረጃ ሥርዓት እንዲሰራ የሚያስፈልጉትን አምስት ወሳኝ አካላት ለመዘርዘር ወይም ለማስረዳት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ጂአይኤስን እንደ ሶፍትዌር ወይም ሃርድዌር ብቻ አድርገው አይቁጠሩ። ውጤታማ ለመሆን ዘዴዎችን እና ሰዎችን ጨምሮ አምስቱንም አካላት ይፈልጋል።

ከGrade 10 Geography፣ ከገጽ 166 ጀምሮ የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የገጽታ ዓይነትየቬክተር ውክልናየራስተር ውክልና
Point (ነጥብ)ነጠላ የcoordinate ጥንድ (X,Y)(X, Y)ነጠላ የgrid cell
Line (መስመር)በnode የሚያበቁ ተከታታይ verticesየአጎራባች cells ቅደም ተከተል
Polygon / Area (ስፋት)የተዘጋ የcoordinate ጥንዶች ስብስብየተያያዙ contiguous cells ስብስብ

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

መሰረታዊ የጂኦግራፊያዊ ገጽታዎች በዲጂታል የቦታ መረጃ ሞዴሎች ውስጥ እንዴት እንደሚዋቀሩ እና እንደሚቀመጡ ለማነጻጸር ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ቨርቴክስን ከኖድ ጋር አያምታቱ። ኖድ የቬክተር መስመር ክፍልን መጀመሪያ ወይም መጨረሻ ብቻ የሚገልጽ ነው።

ከGrade 10 Geography፣ ከገጽ 166 ጀምሮ የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 8 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

Which of the following is an example of a discrete object with well-defined boundaries?

  1. A.Elevation
  2. B.A lake
  3. C.Air temperature
  4. D.Atmospheric pressure
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B A lake

ምክንያቱ

A discrete object has clear, definable boundaries where it begins and ends. The textbook gives a lake as an example of a discrete object within a landscape.

ጥያቄ 2

How many satellites orbiting the Earth must a GPS receiver connect with to calculate a precise location?

  1. A.One or more
  2. B.Two or more
  3. C.Four or more
  4. D.Ten or more
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Four or more

ምክንያቱ

A GPS receiver needs to connect with four or more satellites orbiting the Earth as a reference to calculate the user's location within a few meters.

ጥያቄ 3

In geographic data representation, which of the following is classified as a point feature?

  1. A.A water well
  2. B.A paved highway
  3. C.A river channel
  4. D.A forest stand
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A A water well

ምክንያቱ

Point data exists when a feature is associated with a single location in space. Examples given in the textbook include water wells, telephone network towers, and weather stations.

ጥያቄ 4

Which graphical tool is best designed to show how a whole total is divided into percentage categories?

  1. A.Line graph
  2. B.Bar graph
  3. C.Pie chart
  4. D.Topographic map
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Pie chart

ምክንያቱ

A pie chart is designed to visualize how a whole is divided into various parts, representing a percentage distribution of the dataset.

ጥያቄ 5

In the data lifecycle, which stage involves quality assurance (QA), quality control (QC), and merging duplicate variables?

  1. A.Data collection
  2. B.Data processing
  3. C.Data analysis
  4. D.Data dissemination
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Data processing

ምክንያቱ

The second stage of the data lifecycle is data processing, which includes checking data quality (QA/QC), merging duplicate variables, and appending new information.

ጥያቄ 6

According to the textbook, what is the main difference between data and information?

  1. A.Data is processed output, while information is raw input.
  2. B.Data consists of unprocessed facts, while information is processed data.
  3. C.Data always depends on information, while information is independent.
  4. D.Data is only stored on paper, while information is stored on computers.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Data consists of unprocessed facts, while information is processed data.

ምክንያቱ

Data refers to unprocessed facts or figures used as input, while information is the processed, organized result that adds meaning to the receiver.

ጥያቄ 7

In a vector data model, what is the term for a vertex that starts or ends an arc (line) segment?

  1. A.Cell
  2. B.Polygon
  3. C.Node
  4. D.Pixel
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Node

ምክንያቱ

In vector data, linear features (arcs) consist of a string of vertices terminated by a node, which is the vertex that starts or ends the line segment.

ጥያቄ 8

Which of the following is an example of directly collected geographic data?

  1. A.A temperature reading taken at a local weather station
  2. B.A satellite image downloaded from the internet
  3. C.An aerial photograph taken by an airplane
  4. D.A scanned analogue map
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A A temperature reading taken at a local weather station

ምክንያቱ

Directly collected data is generated at the source of the phenomena, such as visiting a weather station to record temperature readings or counting trees on a farm.

ጥያቄ 9

Which spatial data model represents geographic features using a grid-cell structure organized into rows and columns?

  1. A.Vector data model
  2. B.Raster data model
  3. C.Aspatial data model
  4. D.Polygon coordinate model
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Raster data model

ምክንያቱ

Raster data models use a grid-cell structure where the area is divided into cells identified by rows and columns.

ጥያቄ 10

Why can the element of time be safely omitted when mapping elevation on the Earth's surface for most applications?

  1. A.Elevation changes occur very slowly over hundreds or thousands of years.
  2. B.Elevation has no spatial coordinates on the Earth's surface.
  3. C.Elevation data cannot be represented in a digital GIS database.
  4. D.Elevation changes rapidly every hour like air temperature.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Elevation changes occur very slowly over hundreds or thousands of years.

ምክንያቱ

Processes that change land height, such as erosion and crustal movements, operate over hundreds or thousands of years. Therefore, time is slow to change and can be safely omitted for elevation representation.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 8 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

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የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 204 ገጾች

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