የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ፊዚክስ ምዕራፍ 1፦ የቬክተር መጠኖች

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የፊዚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 1 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

5
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 1 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 6–27
የምዕራፍ 1 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 1 የሚሸፍነው

1.Scalars and vectors
2.Vector representation
3.Vector addition and subtraction
4.Graphical Method of Vector Addition and Subtraction
5.Vector resolution

የምዕራፍ 1 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የፊዚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

Adding Vectors Algebraicallyየተለመደ ስህተት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ሁለት ወይም ከዚያ በላይ vectors ን በማጣመር የ resultant magnitude ን ለማስላት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ሁለቱ vectors parallel ሆነው ወደ አንድ አቅጣጫ ካልጠቆሙ በስተቀር የ vectors magnitude ን እንደ scalar በቀጥታ አይደምሩ።

ከGrade 10 Physics፣ ገጽ 6-27 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Condition for Zero Resultant Vectorሕግ

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የተሰጡ vectors ድምር zero vector ሊሆን እንደሚችል ለመወሰን።

ይጠንቀቁ

ሁለት vectors zero resultant የሚሰጡት እኩል magnitude ኖሯቸው በተቃራኒ አቅጣጫ ሲሆኑ ብቻ ነው። የተለያየ magnitude ያላቸው ሦስት vectors ግን ድምራቸው zero ሊሆን ይችላል።

ከGrade 10 Physics፣ ገጽ 6-27 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Direction of Resultant Vectorቀመር

\theta = \arctan\left(\frac{R_y}{R_x}\right)

\theta = \arctan\left(\frac{R_y}{R_x}\right)

$\theta$: የ resultant vector አቅጣጫ አንግል $\text{degree}$
$R_y$: የ resultant vector vertical component $\text{unit of } R$
$R_x$: የ resultant vector horizontal component $\text{unit of } R$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የ resultant vector አቅጣጫ አንግልን ከ horizontal እና vertical components ለማግኘት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የአንግሉን ዋጋ ብቻ ሳይሆን እንደ north of east ወይም south of west ያሉ የማመሳከሪያ አቅጣጫዎችን በግልጽ ይግለጹ።

ከGrade 10 Physics፣ ገጽ 6-27 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Resultant of Perpendicular Vectorsቀመር

R = \sqrt{A^2 + B^2}

R = \sqrt{A^2 + B^2}

$R$: የ resultant vector magnitude $\text{unit of } A$
$A$: የመጀመሪያው perpendicular vector magnitude $\text{unit of } A$
$B$: የሁለተኛው perpendicular vector magnitude $\text{unit of } B$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ሁለት vectors እርስ በእርስ በ 90 ዲግሪ አንግል ላይ ሲሆኑ የ resultant vector magnitude ን ለማስላት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ይህ ቀመር የሚሰራው በሁለቱ vectors መካከል ያለው አንግል በትክክል 90 ዲግሪ ሲሆን ብቻ ነው።

ከGrade 10 Physics፣ ገጽ 6-27 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Vector Resolutionቀመር

A_x = A \cos\theta, \quad A_y = A \sin\theta

A_x = A \cos\theta, \quad A_y = A \sin\theta

$A_x$: የ vector A horizontal component $\text{unit of } A$
$A_y$: የ vector A vertical component $\text{unit of } A$
$A$: የ vector A magnitude $\text{unit of } A$
$\theta$: የ vector አንግል ከ horizontal axis ጋር $\text{degree}$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

አንድን vector ወደ perpendicular horizontal እና vertical components ለመከፋፈል ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

አንግሉ ከ horizontal axis የተለካ መሆኑን ያረጋግጡ። ከ vertical የተለካ ከሆነ የ cosine እና sine ሚና ይለዋወጣል።

ከGrade 10 Physics፣ ገጽ 6-27 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 1 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

Which of the following physical quantities is a vector quantity?

A.Volume
B.Temperature
C.Mass
D.Weight

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ D Weight

ምክንያቱ

According to the textbook, weight, force, and velocity are vectors because they have both magnitude and direction. Volume, temperature, and mass are scalar quantities because they have magnitude only.

ጥያቄ 2

What is the resultant magnitude when two parallel vectors A = 6.8 cm and B = 5.5 cm act in the same direction?

A.1.3 cm
B.12.3 cm
C.37.4 cm
D.0.0 cm

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 12.3 cm

ምክንያቱ

When two vectors point in the same direction, their resultant is found by direct addition: R = A + B = 6.8 cm + 5.5 cm = 12.3 cm.

ጥያቄ 3

What is the name of the single vector that produces the same overall effect as two or more vectors added together?

A.Component vector
B.Scalar quantity
C.Resultant vector
D.Perpendicular vector

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Resultant vector

ምክንያቱ

The resultant vector is the result of adding two or more vectors together. The individual vectors can be replaced by the resultant where the overall effect is the same.

ጥያቄ 4

Under what condition can the sum of two vectors be equal to zero?

A.When they are perpendicular to each other
B.When they have unequal magnitudes and point in the same direction
C.When they have equal magnitudes and point in the same direction
D.When they have equal magnitudes and point in opposite directions

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ D When they have equal magnitudes and point in opposite directions

ምክንያቱ

The sum of two vectors can only be zero if they are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

ጥያቄ 5

A force F = 40 N acts at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. What is the vertical component (F_y) of this force? (Note: sin 30° = 0.5)

A.20 N
B.40 N
C.10 N
D.80 N

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A 20 N

ምክንያቱ

The vertical component is calculated as F_y = F sin θ = 40 N × sin 30° = 40 N × 0.5 = 20 N.

ጥያቄ 6

An athlete in Hawassa runs 6 m north and then 8 m east. What is the magnitude of the athlete's resultant displacement?

A.2 m
B.14 m
C.10 m
D.48 m

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C 10 m

ምክንያቱ

Since north and east are perpendicular, we use Pythagoras' theorem: R = √(6² + 8²) = √(36 + 64) = √100 = 10 m.

ጥያቄ 7

In the parallelogram law of vector addition, two vectors are joined tail to tail. Which part of the parallelogram represents their resultant vector?

A.The perimeter of the parallelogram
B.The diagonal of the parallelogram
C.The shorter side of the parallelogram
D.The longer side of the parallelogram

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The diagonal of the parallelogram

ምክንያቱ

When two vectors form the adjacent sides of a parallelogram by joining their tails, the sum of the two vectors is given by the diagonal of the parallelogram.

ጥያቄ 8

A displacement vector has a magnitude of 2.0 m directed due east. What is the magnitude of its component along the north direction?

A.2.0 m
B.1.0 m
C.0.0 m
D.-2.0 m

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C 0.0 m

ምክንያቱ

A vector that points completely along the east direction (x-axis) has no vertical part. Therefore, its component along the north direction (y-axis) is 0.0 m.

ጥያቄ 9

A force vector of 10 N acts in the positive x direction. Which pair of forces acting in the negative x direction will result in a net force of zero?

A.5 N and 7 N
B.4 N and 6 N
C.3 N and 8 N
D.2 N and 6 N

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 4 N and 6 N

ምክንያቱ

For the resultant to be zero, the total force in the negative x direction must equal 10 N. The forces 4 N and 6 N add up to 10 N in the negative direction, canceling out the 10 N positive force.

ጥያቄ 10

According to the polygon law of vector addition, if several vectors are represented by consecutive sides of a polygon taken in order, how is their resultant represented?

A.By the closing side of the polygon taken in the opposite order
B.By the sum of the angles inside the polygon
C.By the diagonal connecting opposite vertices
D.By the longest side of the polygon taken in the same order

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A By the closing side of the polygon taken in the opposite order

ምክንያቱ

The polygon law states that if a number of vectors are represented in magnitude and direction by the sides of a polygon taken in the same order, then their resultant is represented in magnitude and direction by the closing side of the polygon taken in the opposite order.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 1 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 1 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 6 እስከ ገጽ 27 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 212 ገጾች

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ሁሉም የ10ኛ ክፍል ፊዚክስ አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

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