የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የፊዚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 2 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።
በ10ኛ ክፍል የፊዚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
ፍጥነት ሲቀንስ ወይም በኔጌቲቭ አቅጣጫ እንቅስቃሴ ሲኖር ትክክለኛውን ፅንሰ ሃሳብ ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።
ይጠንቀቁ
Deceleration ፍጥነትን ሁልጊዜ ይቀንሳል፤ ምክንያቱም የ acceleration አቅጣጫ ከ velocity ተቃራኒ ነው። Negative acceleration ግን ወደ አሉታዊ አቅጣጫ መጠቆምን ብቻ ያሳያል።
ከGrade 10 Physics፣ ገጽ 28-59 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
ቋሚ acceleration ላለው አካል በተሰጠ ጊዜ ውስጥ የተጓዘውን displacement ለማስላት ይጠቀሙበት።
ይጠንቀቁ
በነጻ ውድቀት ወቅት acceleration ከ g ጋር እኩል ይሆናል።
ከGrade 10 Physics፣ ገጽ 28-59 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
| የ Graph አይነት | Slope | Area Under Curve |
|---|---|---|
| Position-time () | Velocity | ምንም ፊዚካዊ ትርጉም የለውም |
| Velocity-time () | Acceleration | Displacement |
| Acceleration-time () | ምንም ፊዚካዊ ትርጉም የለውም | የ Velocity ለውጥ |
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
ከእንቅስቃሴ ግራፎች slope ወይም area under curve በመነሳት የሚፈለገውን አካላዊ መጠን ለማወቅ ይጠቀሙበት።
ይጠንቀቁ
የ velocity-time graph ስር ያለው area የሚሰጠው displacement እንጂ total distance ላይሆን ይችላል።
ከGrade 10 Physics፣ ገጽ 28-59 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
የአንድን ተንቀሳቃሽ አካል ፍጥነት ከሌላ ተንቀሳቃሽ አካል አንጻር ለማስላት ይጠቀሙበት።
ይጠንቀቁ
የአቅጣጫ ምልክቶች ወሳኝ ናቸው፤ አካላቱ ወደ አንዱ ሲቃረቡ የአንዱ አቅጣጫ ፖዘቲቭ የሌላኛው ኔጌቲቭ ይሆናል።
ከGrade 10 Physics፣ ገጽ 28-59 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
አንድ አካል ከመነሻ velocity ተነስቶ በቋሚ acceleration ሲጓዝ የነበረውን የመጨረሻ velocity ለማግኘት ይጠቀሙበት።
ይጠንቀቁ
ፍጥነት በሚቀንስበት ጊዜ የ acceleration ምልክት ከ velocity አቅጣጫ ተቃራኒ ይሆናል።
ከGrade 10 Physics፣ ገጽ 28-59 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።
ጥያቄ 1
A student walks 200 m east from home to a shop, then walks the same way back. What is the displacement for the whole trip?
መልስ፦ C Zero
ምክንያቱ
Displacement is the change in position, measured straight from start to finish. The student finishes exactly where they started, so the displacement is zero. Option A is the distance travelled, which is 400 m, and distance is the quantity that can never come back to zero once you have moved.
ጥያቄ 2
A car speeds up from 10 m/s to 30 m/s in 4 s. What is its acceleration?
መልስ፦ B 5 m/s²
ምክንያቱ
Acceleration is the change in velocity divided by the time: a = (30 - 10) / 4 = 20 / 4 = 5 m/s². Option C comes from dividing the final velocity by the time instead of the change in velocity.
ጥያቄ 3
A stone is dropped from rest and falls for 3 s. How far does it fall?
መልስ፦ C 45 m
ምክንያቱ
Dropped means the initial velocity is zero, so s = ut + (1/2)at² becomes s = (1/2)(10)(3²) = (1/2)(10)(9) = 45 m. Option B is what you get by using v = u + at, which gives the final speed of 30 m/s rather than a distance.
ጥያቄ 4
Which equation of motion would you use when the question never mentions time?
መልስ፦ C v² = u² + 2as
ምክንያቱ
Each equation leaves out one quantity. v² = u² + 2as is the only one with no t in it, so it is the one to reach for when time is neither given nor asked for. Every other option contains t.
ጥያቄ 5
A driver travelling at 20 m/s brakes at 4 m/s². How far does the car travel before it stops?
መልስ፦ C 50 m
ምክንያቱ
Time is not mentioned, so use v² = u² + 2as with v = 0 and a = -4 m/s², because the acceleration opposes the motion. Then 0 = 400 + 2(-4)s, so 8s = 400 and s = 50 m. Option A is what you get by finding the stopping time, 5 s, and reporting it as a distance.
ጥያቄ 6
On a velocity against time graph, what does the area under the line represent?
መልስ፦ B Displacement
ምክንያቱ
Velocity multiplied by time gives displacement, and that product is exactly what the area represents. The slope of the same graph gives acceleration, which is why option A is the common wrong choice.
ጥያቄ 7
A ball is thrown straight upward. At the highest point of its flight, what are its velocity and acceleration?
መልስ፦ B Velocity zero, acceleration 10 m/s² downward
ምክንያቱ
At the top the ball has stopped rising and has not yet started falling, so its velocity is zero for that instant. Gravity never switches off, so the acceleration is still 10 m/s² downward, which is what starts the ball moving down again. Option A is the most common wrong answer, and it would mean the ball hangs there forever.
ጥያቄ 8
A bus travelling at 72 km/h needs its speed in metres per second. What is it?
መልስ፦ B 20 m/s
ምክንያቱ
Divide by 3.6 to convert km/h into m/s: 72 / 3.6 = 20 m/s. The conversion comes from 1000 metres per kilometre divided by 3600 seconds per hour. Option D multiplies by 3.6 instead of dividing.
ጥያቄ 9
Two buses travel along the same road in opposite directions, one at 60 km/h and the other at 50 km/h. What is the magnitude of their relative velocity?
መልስ፦ C 110 km/h
ምክንያቱ
Taking one direction as positive, the second bus has a velocity of -50 km/h. Relative velocity is 60 - (-50) = 110 km/h. Option A would be right only if they were travelling the same way, which is why the sign matters so much in these questions.
ጥያቄ 10
A minibus starts from rest and accelerates uniformly, reaching 24 m/s after 6 s. How far does it travel in that time?
መልስ፦ B 72 m
ምክንያቱ
Both velocities and the time are known, so use s = ((u + v) / 2)t = ((0 + 24) / 2) x 6 = 12 x 6 = 72 m. Option C comes from multiplying the final velocity by the time, which would only be right if the bus had travelled at 24 m/s the whole way.
ምዕራፍ 2 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 28 እስከ ገጽ 59 ይደርሳል።
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