የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ11ኛ ክፍል ጂኦግራፊ ምዕራፍ 4፦ የዓለም የሕዝብ ለውጦችና ተግዳሮቶች

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ11ኛ ክፍል የጂኦግራፊ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 4 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

3
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 4 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 96–122
የምዕራፍ 4 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 4 የሚሸፍነው

1.The growth of world population
2.Factors responsible for accelerated population growth
3.International migrations
4.Population policies

የምዕራፍ 4 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ11ኛ ክፍል የጂኦግራፊ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

የመሬት ጂኦሎጂካል ዘመናትየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥPrecambrian · Paleozoic · Mesozoic · +1

ጂኦሎጂካል ዘመን	የዕድሜ ክልል (Ma)	ዋና ዋና ክስተቶች እና የሕይወት ዓይነቶች
Precambrian	$4500\text{ to }600$	የመሬት መጠከር (Earth solidification)፣ እጅግ ጥንታዊ basement complex አለቶች፣ continental shields፣ 85 በመቶ የመሬት ታሪክ ጊዜን ይሸፍናል።
Paleozoic	$600\text{ to }250$	Ancient life፣ trilobites፣ የዓሦች ዘመን (age of fish)፣ የsupercontinent Pangaea መገጣጠም፣ መጠነ ሰፊ የamphibian ዝርያዎች መጥፋት (mass extinction)።
Mesozoic	$250\text{ to }70$	Middle life፣ የdinosaurs ዘመን፣ Pangaea ወደ Laurasia እና Gondwanaland መሰንጠቅ፣ የመጀመሪያዎቹ mammals እና አእዋፋት።
Cenozoic	$70\text{ to present}$	Recent life፣ የmammals ዘመን፣ flowering plants፣ የተራራ ምስረታ (mountain building)፣ Ice Age፣ ዘመናዊ የሰው ልጅ (modern humans)።

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የመሬት ታሪክ ዋና ዋና ዘመናትን፣ የጊዜ ክልላቸውን እና የታዩ የሕይወት ዝርያዎችን ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ፕሪካምብሪያን ጥንታዊው እና 85 በመቶ የመሬት ታሪክን የሸፈነው ረጅሙ ዘመን እንጂ ፓሊዮዞይክ አይደለም።

ከGrade 11 Geography፣ ከገጽ 1 ጀምሮ የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የንፅፅራዊ ዕድሜ መወሰኛ መርሆዎችየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥOriginal Horizontality · Superposition · Cross-Cutting Relationships

መርህ	ትርጓሜ
Original Horizontality	የ sedimentary rock ንጣፎች በመጀመሪያ በ gravity ኃይል አማካኝነት በአግድም ይቀመጣሉ።
Superposition	ባልተረበሸ የ sedimentary sequence ውስጥ፣ ከላይ ያሉት ንጣፎች ከሥር ካሉት ንጣፎች የበለጠ አዳዲስ ናቸው።
Cross-Cutting Relationships	ሌላ የድንጋይ ንጣፍን ቆርጦ የሚያልፍ የድንጋይ ንጣፍ ወይም igneous intrusion ከተቆረጠው ድንጋይ የበለጠ አዲስ ነው።

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የድንጋይ ንጣፎችን የዕድሜ ቅደም ተከተል ያለ ቁጥራዊ መረጃ ለመወሰን ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የሱፐርፖዚሽን መርህ የሚሠራው ያልተዛቡ ወይም ያልተረበሹ የድንጋይ ንጣፎች ላይ ብቻ ነው።

ከGrade 11 Geography፣ ከገጽ 1 ጀምሮ የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የራዲዮአክቲቭ መበስበስ ምጥጥንየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥ0 · 1 · 2 · +1

የግማሽ ዘመን ዑደት	የወላጅ አይሶቶፕ (%)	የውጤት አይሶቶፕ (%)
$0$	$100$	$0$
$1$	$50$	$50$
$2$	$25$	$75$
$3$	$12.5$	$87.5$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በተከታታይ የግማሽ ዘመን ዑደቶች ውስጥ የቀረውን የወላጅ እና የተፈጠረውን የውጤት አይሶቶፕ መቶኛ ለማስላት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

በእያንዳንዱ የግማሽ ዘመን ዑደት የወላጅ መጠን በግማሽ ሲቀንስ የውጤት አይሶቶፕ ድምራቸው 100 በመቶ እስኪሆን ድረስ ይጨምራል።

ከGrade 11 Geography፣ ከገጽ 1 ጀምሮ የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 4 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

According to the Big Bang theory presented in the textbook, about how many billion years ago was the Earth formed from a mixture of gas and dust particles?

A.4.5 billion years ago
B.10.0 billion years ago
C.15.5 billion years ago
D.20.0 billion years ago

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A 4.5 billion years ago

ምክንያቱ

The textbook states that Earth was created from the mixture of gas and dust particles moving in space around the Sun about 4.5 billion years ago.

ጥያቄ 2

Which relative dating principle states that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the overlying bed is younger than the underlying rock?

A.Principle of original horizontality
B.Principle of superposition
C.Principle of cross-cutting relationships
D.Principle of radioactive decay

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Principle of superposition

ምክንያቱ

The principle of superposition asserts that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary layers or lava flows, each overlying bed is younger than the rock layer beneath it.

ጥያቄ 3

What is the deepest point in the world, located in the Pacific Ocean?

A.Challenger Deep
B.Puerto Rico Trench
C.Java Trench
D.South Sandwich Trench

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Challenger Deep

ምክንያቱ

The deepest point in the world is the Challenger Deep within the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean, reaching a depth of about 10,924 meters.

ጥያቄ 4

In the ancient Greek climate classification, which zone represents the warm tropical area south of the Mediterranean Sea?

A.Frigid Zone
B.Torrid Zone
C.Temperate Zone
D.Polar Zone

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Torrid Zone

ምክንያቱ

The ancient Greeks used the Torrid Zone to represent the tropics, which were the warm areas south of the Mediterranean Sea.

ጥያቄ 5

What is the name of the early supercontinent that gathered together at about 750 Ma before the formation of Pangaea?

A.Laurasia
B.Gondwanaland
C.Rodinia
D.Baltica

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Rodinia

ምክንያቱ

According to the textbook, the initial landmasses gathered to form the early Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Rodinia at about 750 Ma.

ጥያቄ 6

During radioactive decay, what stable daughter isotope does Potassium-40 (⁴⁰K) convert into?

A.Argon-40 (40Ar)
B.Nitrogen-14 (14N)
C.Lead-206 (206Pb)
D.Strontium-87 (87Sr)

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Argon-40 (40Ar)

ምክንያቱ

The decay table shows that the parent isotope Potassium-40 (⁴⁰K) decays into the daughter isotope Argon-40 (⁴⁰Ar) with a half-life of 1.25 billion years.

ጥያቄ 7

What is the approximate ratio of land to ocean in the Southern Hemisphere?

A.1:1.5
B.1:4
C.4:1
D.1:1

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 1:4

ምክንያቱ

The ratio of land to ocean is about 1:1.5 in the Northern Hemisphere, but it is 1:4 in the Southern Hemisphere.

ጥያቄ 8

According to the Köppen climate classification, which temperature condition defines a Tropical climate (Type A)?

A.All months have an average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius
B.The warmest month has an average temperature below 10 degrees Celsius
C.The coldest month average drops below -30 degrees Celsius
D.Average temperature remains below freezing throughout the entire year

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A All months have an average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius

ምክንያቱ

In Köppen's system, a Tropical climate (A) is defined by all twelve months having an average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit), meaning there is no real winter.

ጥያቄ 9

A student in Addis Ababa analyzes a rock sample in a laboratory. The test shows that 25% of the original parent isotope remains and 75% has converted into daughter isotopes. How many half-lives have passed?

A.1 half-life
B.2 half-lives
C.3 half-lives
D.4 half-lives

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 2 half-lives

ምክንያቱ

After 1 half-life, 50% of the parent isotope remains. After 2 half-lives, the parent isotope is halved again to 25%, while the daughter isotope reaches 75%.

ጥያቄ 10

During which geological era did Pangaea split into Laurasia and Gondwanaland, accompanied by the dominance of dinosaurs?