የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ12ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 8 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።
በ12ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።
| የመላመድ ስትራቴጂ | አሠራር እና ተግባር |
|---|---|
| Mobility | በቦታዎች መካከል የሚከሰቱ ስጋቶችን ያስወግዳል |
| Storage | በጊዜ ሂደት የሚያጋጥሙ ስጋቶችን ይቀንሳል |
| Diversification | በቤተሰቦች ወይም በህብረቶች የተያዙ ንብረቶች ላይ ያሉ ስጋቶችን ይቀንሳል |
| Communal pool | የጋራ ባለቤትነት፣ የሀብት መጋራት እና በእጥረት ወቅት የጋራ ቅስቀሳ |
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
አባወራዎችና ማህበረሰቦች ከአየር ንብረት አደጋዎች ጋር ለመላመድ የሚጠቀሙባቸውን አራት ዋና ዋና ስልቶች ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።
ይጠንቀቁ
ክምችት (storage) የጊዜ ስጋትን የሚቀንስ ሲሆን፥ ዝውውር (mobility) ግን የቦታ ስጋትን ያስወግዳል።
ከGrade 12 Economics፣ ከገጽ 183 ጀምሮ የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
በኢኮኖሚ ዕድገት፥ በነፍስ ወከፍ ገቢ እና በአካባቢ መራቆት መካከል ያለውን ግንኙነት ለመተንተን ይጠቀሙበት።
ይጠንቀቁ
ኢኮኖሚ ሲያድግ የአካባቢ መራቆት ወዲያውኑ አይቀንስም። በግልባጭ-U ቅርፅ መጀመሪያ ይጨምራል፥ ከዚያ በኋላ ነው የሚቀንሰው።
ከGrade 12 Economics፣ ከገጽ 183 ጀምሮ የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
የአየር ንብረት ለውጥ ፖሊሲ ምላሾች መንስኤን ወይንም ውጤትን መሠረት ያደረጉ መሆናቸውን ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።
ይጠንቀቁ
ልቀትን መቀነስ (mitigation) ልቀትን በመቀነስ መንስኤዎችን የሚከላከል ቅድመ እርምጃ ሲሆን፥ መላመድ (adaptation) ግን ለደረሱት ውጤቶች የሚሰጥ ድህረ ምላሽ ነው።
ከGrade 12 Economics፣ ከገጽ 183 ጀምሮ የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
| የሙቀት አማቂ ጋዝ | ቀመር | በሙቀት አማቂነት ያለው ድርሻ |
|---|---|---|
| ካርቦን ዳይኦክሳይድ | ||
| ሜቴን | ||
| ናይትረስ ኦክሳይድ | ||
| የውሃ ትነት እና ኦዞን | ሌሎች ዋና ዋና GHGs |
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
ዓለም አቀፍ ሙቀትን የሚያስከትሉ ዋና ዋና የሙቀት አማቂ ጋዞችንና ድርሻቸውን ለማስታወስ ይህንን ሰንጠረዥ ይጠቀሙ።
ይጠንቀቁ
ኦክስጅንን (O2) ከኦዞን (O3) ጋር አያምታቱ። ኦክስጅን የሙቀት አማቂ ጋዝ አይደለም።
ከGrade 12 Economics፣ ከገጽ 183 ጀምሮ የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።
ጥያቄ 1
What does the term global warming refer to?
መልስ፦ C Increasing average air and ocean temperatures
ምክንያቱ
The chapter defines global warming as increasing average air and ocean temperatures. The other options are real environmental problems, but they are not the definition of global warming.
ጥያቄ 2
Which greenhouse gas contributes the largest share, about 77 percent, to the greenhouse effect?
መልስ፦ B Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)
ምክንያቱ
The chapter says CO2 is the largest greenhouse gas in causing global warming and contributes 77 percent to the greenhouse effect. Methane gives about 14 percent and nitrous oxide about 8 percent.
ጥያቄ 3
Which body is the lead government institution responsible for environmental management and climate change in Ethiopia?
መልስ፦ C Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
ምክንያቱ
The chapter says the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the lead government body responsible and legally mandated for environmental management. The Meteorological Agency gives weather alerts, but it is not the lead body.
ጥያቄ 4
According to the chapter, mitigation of climate change mainly deals with:
መልስ፦ A the causes of climate change
ምክንያቱ
The chapter says mitigation deals with the causes of climate change, while adaptation deals with the consequences. Mitigation works by reducing greenhouse gases.
ጥያቄ 5
Which statement correctly explains the difference between climate and weather?
መልስ፦ D Climate is the average weather pattern over many years, and weather is short-term atmospheric conditions.
ምክንያቱ
The chapter says climate is the average weather pattern over many years. Weather is the short-term conditions that occur each day or week, such as temperature, rainfall and humidity.
ጥያቄ 6
Which of the following is NOT listed in the chapter as a source of renewable energy?
መልስ፦ C Coal
ምክንያቱ
The chapter lists solar, biomass and bio fuel, geothermal, hydroelectricity, tidal and wind-driven as the sources of renewable energy. Coal is a fossil fuel, so it is not on the list.
ጥያቄ 7
According to the chapter, economics is the study of:
መልስ፦ A the allocation of limited resources to satisfy human wants
ምክንያቱ
The chapter defines economics as the study of the allocation of limited resources to satisfy human wants. The key idea is that resources are limited while wants are not.
ጥያቄ 8
The world population was about 7.7 billion in 2019. The United Nations projects it will reach about 9.6 billion by 2050. By how many billion will the world population grow between 2019 and 2050?
መልስ፦ B 1.9 billion
ምክንያቱ
Subtract the 2019 figure from the 2050 projection: 9.6 minus 7.7 equals 1.9. So the population is projected to grow by 1.9 billion.
ጥያቄ 9
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors the chapter gives for vulnerability to climate change?
መልስ፦ D The number of mobile phones in each household
ምክንያቱ
The chapter says vulnerability depends on the exposure to climate variation, the system's sensitivity and its adaptive capacity. Mobile phone ownership is not one of the factors listed.
ጥያቄ 10
A government sets a carbon tax and plans forest protection so that emissions are reduced before harm happens. Which description best fits this kind of mitigation policy, according to the chapter?
መልስ፦ B An anticipatory policy that estimates expected costs and benefits of emission abatement
ምክንያቱ
The chapter describes mitigation policy as anticipatory. It estimates the expected costs and benefits of cutting emissions and chooses the tools that reach the target at the lowest expected cost. The reactive description belongs to adaptation, not mitigation.
መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።
ምዕራፍ 8 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 182 እስከ ገጽ 205 ይደርሳል።
የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 214 ገጾች
Temari ይህን ምዕራፍ ወደ ጊዜ የተቆረጠለት መልመጃ ይለውጠዋል፣ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል፤ ያልገባዎትንም የሚያብራራ የ AI አስተማሪ አለ።
በነጻ ይጀምሩ
Temari.et ለ Android ስልኮች መተግበሪያ አለው፤ በ Google Play ላይ በነጻ ይገኛል።
