Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 8 Diinagdee kutaa 12: Dinagdee, Naannoo fi Jijjiirama Qilleensaa

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 8 kitaaba Diinagdee kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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4
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 8
182–205
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 8

Boqonnaan 8 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Economy and the Environment
  2. 2.Rural Development and Environment
  3. 3.Urban Development and Environment
  4. 4.Population, Resources and the Environment
  5. 5.Global Warming and Climate Change
  6. 6.Global Warming
  7. 7.Climate Change
  8. 8.Scope of the Problem and the Causes of Climate Change
  9. 9.Indicators of Climate Change
  10. 10.Impacts of Climate Change
  11. 11.Vulnerability to Climate Change
  12. 12.Means to Address Climate Change Challenges
  13. 13.Green Economy and Green Growth
  14. 14.Overview of Environment and Climate Change in Ethiopia

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 8

Kaardiiwwan fuula Diinagdee kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Tarsiimoo MadaquuMala fi Hojii
MobilityBakka irratti balaawwan ykn risk hambisa
StorageBalaawwan yeroo keessatti mudatan hir'isa
DiversificationQabeenya maatiiwwan ykn gareewwaniin qabaman irratti balaawwan hir'isa
Communal poolAbbummaa waliinii, qabeenya waloo qooddachuu, fi yeroo hanqinaatti waliin socho'uu

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Malleen afran maatiiwwan fi hawaasni balaa qilleensaa dandamachuuf itti fayyadaman adda baasuuf gabatee kanatti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Kuufamni (storage) balaa yeroo keessa dhufu hir'isa, sochiin (mobility) immoo balaa iddoo gidduu jiru ittisa.

Grade 12 Economics, fuula 183 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Walitti dhufeenya guddina dinagdee, galii dhuunfaa fi mancaatii naannoo gidduu jiru xiinxaluuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Mancaatiin naannoo yeruma sana hin hir'atu. Boca U garagalteen, galiin yeroo dabalu jalqaba irratti dabalee boodarra hir'ata.

Grade 12 Economics, fuula 183 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Tarkaanfiiwwan imaammata jijjiirama qilleensaa sababa yookiin bu'aa irratti xiyyeeffachuu isaaniitiin adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Miidhaa hir'isuun (mitigation) faalama hir'isuun sababoota ittisa, madaquun (adaptation) garuu bu'aawwan dhufaniif deebii kennuudha.

Grade 12 Economics, fuula 183 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaasii Hoo'isa LafaaFoorimulaaQooda Hoo'isa Lafaa Keessatti
Kaarboon daayoksaayidiiCO2\text{CO}_277%77\%
MeeteeniiCH4\text{CH}_414%14\%
Naayitiras ooksaayidiiN2O\text{N}_2\text{O}8%8\%
Hurka bishaanii fi OzooniiH2O, O3\text{H}_2\text{O}\text{, }\text{O}_3GHGs bu'uuraa biroo

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Gaasota hoo'isa lafaa fidan fi qooda isaanii yaadachuuf gabatee kanatti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Oksijiinii (O2) fi ozoonii (O3) wal hin makiinaa. Oksijiiniin gaasii hoo'isa lafaa miti.

Grade 12 Economics, fuula 183 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 8

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What does the term global warming refer to?

  1. A.Falling average rainfall over many years
  2. B.The growth of mega-cities
  3. C.Increasing average air and ocean temperatures
  4. D.Loss of topsoil on farmland
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Increasing average air and ocean temperatures

Sababa

The chapter defines global warming as increasing average air and ocean temperatures. The other options are real environmental problems, but they are not the definition of global warming.

Gaaffii 2

Which greenhouse gas contributes the largest share, about 77 percent, to the greenhouse effect?

  1. A.Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>)
  2. B.Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)
  3. C.Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)
  4. D.Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>)
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)

Sababa

The chapter says CO2 is the largest greenhouse gas in causing global warming and contributes 77 percent to the greenhouse effect. Methane gives about 14 percent and nitrous oxide about 8 percent.

Gaaffii 3

Which body is the lead government institution responsible for environmental management and climate change in Ethiopia?

  1. A.Ethiopian Meteorological Agency
  2. B.Ministry of Agriculture
  3. C.Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
  4. D.Ethiopian Statistics Service
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

Sababa

The chapter says the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the lead government body responsible and legally mandated for environmental management. The Meteorological Agency gives weather alerts, but it is not the lead body.

Gaaffii 4

According to the chapter, mitigation of climate change mainly deals with:

  1. A.the causes of climate change
  2. B.the consequences of climate change
  3. C.the size of urban populations
  4. D.the price of teff in local markets
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A the causes of climate change

Sababa

The chapter says mitigation deals with the causes of climate change, while adaptation deals with the consequences. Mitigation works by reducing greenhouse gases.

Gaaffii 5

Which statement correctly explains the difference between climate and weather?

  1. A.Climate and weather mean exactly the same thing.
  2. B.Climate is what happens each day, and weather is the average over many years.
  3. C.Weather only refers to wind, while climate refers to temperature.
  4. D.Climate is the average weather pattern over many years, and weather is short-term atmospheric conditions.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D Climate is the average weather pattern over many years, and weather is short-term atmospheric conditions.

Sababa

The chapter says climate is the average weather pattern over many years. Weather is the short-term conditions that occur each day or week, such as temperature, rainfall and humidity.

Gaaffii 6

Which of the following is NOT listed in the chapter as a source of renewable energy?

  1. A.Solar
  2. B.Geothermal
  3. C.Coal
  4. D.Wind-driven
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Coal

Sababa

The chapter lists solar, biomass and bio fuel, geothermal, hydroelectricity, tidal and wind-driven as the sources of renewable energy. Coal is a fossil fuel, so it is not on the list.

Gaaffii 7

According to the chapter, economics is the study of:

  1. A.the allocation of limited resources to satisfy human wants
  2. B.how to make resources unlimited
  3. C.the buying and selling of land only
  4. D.the measurement of rainfall
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A the allocation of limited resources to satisfy human wants

Sababa

The chapter defines economics as the study of the allocation of limited resources to satisfy human wants. The key idea is that resources are limited while wants are not.

Gaaffii 8

The world population was about 7.7 billion in 2019. The United Nations projects it will reach about 9.6 billion by 2050. By how many billion will the world population grow between 2019 and 2050?

  1. A.2.3 billion
  2. B.1.9 billion
  3. C.1.5 billion
  4. D.17.3 billion
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 1.9 billion

Sababa

Subtract the 2019 figure from the 2050 projection: 9.6 minus 7.7 equals 1.9. So the population is projected to grow by 1.9 billion.

Gaaffii 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors the chapter gives for vulnerability to climate change?

  1. A.The character, magnitude and rate of climate variation a system is exposed to
  2. B.Its sensitivity
  3. C.Its adaptive capacity
  4. D.The number of mobile phones in each household
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D The number of mobile phones in each household

Sababa

The chapter says vulnerability depends on the exposure to climate variation, the system's sensitivity and its adaptive capacity. Mobile phone ownership is not one of the factors listed.

Gaaffii 10

A government sets a carbon tax and plans forest protection so that emissions are reduced before harm happens. Which description best fits this kind of mitigation policy, according to the chapter?

  1. A.A reactive policy that tries to reduce impacts after they happen
  2. B.An anticipatory policy that estimates expected costs and benefits of emission abatement
  3. C.A policy that ignores future costs and benefits
  4. D.A policy that focuses only on hurricanes
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B An anticipatory policy that estimates expected costs and benefits of emission abatement

Sababa

The chapter describes mitigation policy as anticipatory. It estimates the expected costs and benefits of cutting emissions and chooses the tools that reach the target at the lowest expected cost. The reactive description belongs to adaptation, not mitigation.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 8

Boqonnaan 8 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 182 hanga fuula 205 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 214

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Diinagdee kutaa 12 hunda

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