Boqonnaa 7 Diinagdee kutaa 12: Fooyyainsa Macroeconomic Itoophiyaa Keessatti

The textbook says that in 1974 a military junta, the "Derg", deposed Emperor Haile Selassie I. The EPRDF toppled the Derg later, in 1991.

The chapter states that the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). The year 1974 is when the Derg took power, and 1994 and 1995 are when the constitution and the first multiparty election came.

The textbook says that in 1994 the ADLI was launched as the foundation for national development. The year 2002 is when the SDPRP started, and 2010 is when GTP I started.

The chapter says the main objective of the ADLI was attaining food self-sufficiency by increasing agricultural productivity and output. Nationalizing land was a policy of the Derg, not the ADLI.

The textbook says the First Five-Year Plan promoted improved production of cash crops, including coffee, which accounted for 70% of foreign exchange earnings. The 80% figure in the chapter refers to small-scale subsistence farms and cereal production, not coffee.

The difference is 3.7% minus 3.2%, which equals 0.5 percentage points. Remember that percentage points are the simple difference between two percentages.

The chapter says that during 1978-1980 the economy began to recover, and gross domestic product grew at an average annual rate of 5.7%. In 1974-1978 GDP grew by only 0.4% a year, and in 1980-1985 the economy declined.

The fall is 25.7% minus 14.8%, which equals 10.9 percentage points. Subtract the later figure from the earlier one to find how much the rate fell.

The chapter states that the actual performance was 9.2%, which is 1.8% short of the 11% target. You can check this by calculating 11 minus 9.2, which equals 1.8.

First, change Birr 1.99 trillion into billions. It equals Birr 1,990 billion. Then divide 1,990 by 828, which gives about 2.4. So real GDP was roughly 2.4 times larger in 2019/20.