Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 6 kitaaba Diinagdee kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Diinagdee kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Garaagarummaa hiyyummaa guutuu fi hiyyummaa walbira-qabamee gidduu jiru adda baasuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Hiyyummaan walbira-qabamee namoonni fedhii bu'uuraa guuttatanii osoo jiranii walcaalmaa galii agarsiisa, hiyyummaan guutuun garuu fedhii jireenyaaf barbaachisu dhabuu dha.
Grade 12 Economics, fuula 123-148 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Bal'ina sarara Looreenziitti fayyadamuun sadarkaa walcaalmaa galii shallaguuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Gatiin Giinii 0 qixxummaa guutuu kan agarsiisu yoo ta'u, 1 immoo walcaalmaa guutuu bakka bu'a.
Grade 12 Economics, fuula 123-148 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Waliigala uummata keessaa harki meeqa sarara hiyyummaa gadi akka jiru shallaguuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Reeshoon lakkoofsaa baay'ina hiyyeeyyii qofa agarsiisa malee gad-fageenya hiyyummaa hin safaru.
Grade 12 Economics, fuula 123-148 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Dhaabbata | Amala | Hojii Ijoo |
|---|---|---|
| Idir | Waldaa aadaa awwaalchaa fi insurance garee | Yeroo gaddaa fi yeroo balaa tasaatti deeggarsa maallaqaa fi hawaasummaa kennuu |
| Iqub | Waldaa qusannaa fi liqii waljijjiirraa | Invastimantii fi baasiiwwan maatii gurguddoo ta'an maallaqaan deeggaruuf qusannaa idilee walitti qabuu |
| Debo | Garee humna hojii waloo walitti qabu | Miseensota gidduutti qonnaa fi hojii harkaa tolaa waljijjiirraan qooddachuu |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Dhaabbilee aadaa Itoophiyaa hiyyummaa hir'isuu fi wabii hawaasummaa kennan adda baasuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Iddiriin dhaabbata wabii yeroo dheeraa yoo ta'u, Iquubiin immoo qusannaa fi liqii naanna'aa irratti xiyyeeffata.
Grade 12 Economics, fuula 123-148 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Kallattii | Agarsiiftuu | Ulfaatina |
|---|---|---|
| Fayyaa | Maatii keessatti du'a daa'immanii | |
| Fayyaa | Hanqina soorataa ga'eessaa yookiin daa'imaa | |
| Barnoota | Miseensi maatii barnoota waggaa 5 xumure tokkollee hin jiru | |
| Barnoota | Daa'imni umrii barnootaa irra jiru kamiyyuu mana barumsaatiin ala ta'uu (kutaa 1 hanga 8) | |
| Sadarkaa Jireenyaa | Dhabamuu elektirikii, bishaanii, qulqullinaa, lafaa, boba'aa nyaata bilcheessuu, qabeenyaa |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Kallattiiwwan gurguddoo sadan fi agarsiiftuuwwan MPI qorachuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Fayyaan fi Barnoonni tokkoon tokkoon isaanii ulfaatina harka sadii keessaa tokko qabu.
Grade 12 Economics, fuula 123-148 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
Which organisation defined poverty as "the pronounced deprivation in wellbeing"?
Deebii: A World Bank
Sababa
The unit states that the World Bank (2000) defines poverty as "the pronounced deprivation in wellbeing". The other organisations are not given this definition in the text.
Gaaffii 2
Which type of poverty is the situation of someone being unable, or only barely able, to meet subsistence essentials such as food, clothing, and shelter?
Deebii: B Absolute poverty
Sababa
The text defines absolute poverty as being unable or only barely able to meet subsistence essentials such as food, clothing, and shelter. Relative poverty is defined by comparison with other people's standing in the economy.
Gaaffii 3
What does a Gini coefficient of 0 show?
Deebii: B Perfect equality, where the Lorenz curve coincides with the main diagonal
Sababa
The text says that if the Gini coefficient is 0, the Lorenz curve coincides with the main diagonal and implies perfect equality. A Gini coefficient of 1 shows perfect inequality.
Gaaffii 4
Which Ethiopian informal institution is described in the unit as a traditional burial association that gives support to members in times of death and grief?
Deebii: C Idir
Sababa
The unit says that Idir is the most common informal institution in Ethiopia and, although it is a form of burial society, it also supports members in times of death and grief. Iqub is a rotating credit association, and Debo is a work group.
Gaaffii 5
The text lists three steps for measuring poverty. In the list, what is the second step?
Deebii: C Establishing a minimum acceptable standard of that indicator (the poverty line)
Sababa
The three steps are: (1) defining an indicator of welfare, (2) establishing a minimum acceptable standard of that indicator to separate the poor from the non-poor (the poverty line), and (3) generating a summary statistic. So the second step is setting the poverty line.
Gaaffii 6
In a town, 2,000 people are counted as living below the absolute poverty line. The total population of the town is N. Which formula gives the headcount index (headcount ratio)?
Deebii: B H / N
Sababa
The text says that if H is the headcount of people whose income or consumption falls below the absolute poverty line, the headcount index (headcount ratio) is H/N, where N is the total population. You divide the number of poor people by the whole population.
Gaaffii 7
In the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) as used by the UNDP, each of the two health indicators (child death in the family, and malnutrition) counts how much toward the maximum possible deprivation?
Deebii: B One-sixth
Sababa
The text says health has two indicators, both weighted equally, and each counts one-sixth toward the maximum possible deprivation in the MPI. Education also has two indicators, each worth one-sixth.
Gaaffii 8
According to the government, the headcount poverty in Ethiopia declined from 59% in 1992 to 29.5% in 2011. What was the headcount poverty rate in Ethiopia in 1992?
Deebii: D 59%
Sababa
The unit states that headcount poverty in Ethiopia was 59% in 1992 and fell to 29.5% in 2011. The 24% and 38% figures in the text refer to a different period (2008/09 to 2018/19).
Gaaffii 9
In the multidimensional poverty approach, a person is identified as multidimensionally poor by the "dual cut-off method". Which description matches this method?
Deebii: B A person is poor if they have cut-off levels within each dimension, and are deprived in at least a set number of dimensions.
Sababa
The text describes two cut-offs. First, there are cut-off levels within each dimension (similar to a poverty line). Second, there is a cut-off for the number of dimensions in which a person must be deprived. Option B combines both steps.
Gaaffii 10
In Amartya Sen's capability approach, what are the "conversion factors"?
Deebii: B The personal, socio-political, and environmental conditions that decide whether a person can turn resources into a functioning
Sababa
The text says whether someone can convert a set of resources and public goods into a functioning depends on personal, socio-political, and environmental conditions, which are called conversion factors. Income alone does not decide this, which is why Sen's approach looks beyond income.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 6 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 122 hanga fuula 147 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 214
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
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