የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ9ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ ምዕራፍ 7፦ የማክሮ ኢኮኖሚክስ መግቢያ

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ9ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 7 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

5
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 7 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 93–104
የምዕራፍ 7 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 7 የሚሸፍነው

1.Definition of Macroeconomic Variales
2.Macroeconomic Goals
3.Macroeconomic Problems

የምዕራፍ 7 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ9ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

Demand-Pull እና Cost-Push የዋጋ ግሽበትየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥDemand-pull inflation · Cost-push inflation

የዋጋ ግሽበት ዓይነት	ዋና መንስኤ	ዋና መገለጫ
Demand-pull inflation	የ aggregate demand መጨመር	ሙሉ የማምረት አቅም (full capacity) አካባቢ በጣም ብዙ ገንዘብ በጣም ጥቂት እቃዎችን ሲያሳድድ
Cost-push inflation	የ aggregate supply መቀነስ	የግብዓት ወጪዎች (input costs) መጨመር፣ ከፍተኛ ደመወዝ ወይም የምርት መስተጓጎሎች

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ይህንን ሰንጠረዥ በፍላጎት መጨመር እና በአቅርቦት ወጪ መናር የሚመጡ የዋጋ ግሽበት ዓይነቶችን ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

Demand-pull ከጠቅላላ ፍላጎት መጨመር የሚነሳ ሲሆን፣ Cost-push ግን ከአቅርቦት ወጪዎች መናር የሚመጣ ነው።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 93-104 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የGNP እና የGDP ዝምድናቀመር

\text{GNP} = \text{GDP} + \text{NFI}

\text{GNP} = \text{GDP} + \text{NFI}

$\text{GNP}$: ጠቅላላ የብሔራዊ ምርት $\text{ETB}$
$\text{GDP}$: ጠቅላላ የአገር ውስጥ ምርት $\text{ETB}$
$\text{NFI}$: ከውጭ አገር የተገኘ የተጣራ የገቢ ምንጭ $\text{ETB}$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ከውጭ አገር የተገኘውን የተጣራ ገቢ (NFI) ከGDP ጋር በማስተካከል GNPን ለማስላት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ለዜጎች ከውጭ ከሚገባው ይልቅ ለውጭ ዜጎች የተከፈለው ገቢ ሲበልጥ NFI አሉታዊ ይሆናል፤ በዚህ ጊዜ GNP ከGDP ያንሳል።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 93-104 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Intermediate Goods በ GDP ስሌት ውስጥየተለመደ ስህተት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በGDP ስሌት ውስጥ የትኞቹ ምርቶችና አገልግሎቶች እንደሚካተቱ ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

Intermediate Goods በGDP ውስጥ አይካተቱም። ደጋግሞ መቁጠርን ለማስቀረት በአንድ አገር ወሰን ውስጥ በወቅቱ የተመረቱ የመጨረሻ (Final) ምርቶችና አገልግሎቶች ብቻ ይሰላሉ።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 93-104 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Real GDPቀመር

\text{Real GDP} = \frac{\text{Nominal GDP}}{\text{Price Index}} \times 100

\text{Real GDP} = \frac{\text{Nominal GDP}}{\text{Price Index}} \times 100

$\text{Real GDP}$: በቋሚ ዋጋ የተለካ Gross Domestic Product $\text{ETB}$
$\text{Nominal GDP}$: በወቅታዊ ዋጋ የተለካ Gross Domestic Product $\text{ETB}$
$\text{Price Index}$: የአጠቃላይ የዋጋ ደረጃ ለውጥ መለኪያ $\text{dimensionless}$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ይህ ቀመር የዋጋ መለዋወጥን ከNominal GDP በማስወገድ ትክክለኛውን የምርት ዋጋ በቋሚ ዋጋ ለማስላት ያገለግላል።

ይጠንቀቁ

ሁልጊዜ መጀመሪያ Nominal GDPን ለPrice Index ያካፍሉ፤ ከዚያም ውጤቱን በ 100 ያባዙ።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 93-104 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የሥራ አጥነት ዓይነቶችየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥFrictional unemployment · Structural unemployment · Cyclical unemployment

የሥራ አጥነት ዓይነት	ዋና መንስኤ
Frictional unemployment	ጊዜያዊ የሥራ ሽግግር፣ ወቅታዊነት፣ ወይም ሥራ የሚፈልጉ አዲስ ገቢዎች
Structural unemployment	በሠራተኛው ክህሎት ወይም የመኖሪያ አካባቢ እና በአሠሪው ፍላጎት መካከል ያለ አለመጣጣም
Cyclical unemployment	በ economic recessions ወይም በኢኮኖሚ መቀዛቀዝ ወቅት የሚከሰት የ aggregate demand እጥረት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ይህንን ሰንጠረዥ የሥራ አጥነት ዓይነቶችን እንደ መንስኤያቸው ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

Structural unemployment (የክህሎት አለመጣጣም) እና Cyclical unemployment (በኢኮኖሚ ውድቀት ምክንያት የሚመጣ የፍላጎት ማነስ) እንዳይቀላቀሉብዎ።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 93-104 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 7 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

A.The total value of all intermediate goods used in production
B.The total value of currently produced final goods and services within a country boundary
C.The total amount of money sent from citizens living abroad
D.The value of all goods produced only by government-owned factories

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The total value of currently produced final goods and services within a country boundary

ምክንያቱ

GDP is defined as the total value of currently produced final goods and services that are produced within a country's boundary during a given time period, usually one year.

ጥያቄ 2

In macroeconomics, what is economic growth defined as?

A.A continuous rise in general price levels
B.A consistent increase in national income
C.An increase in imported goods from abroad
D.A reduction in the total number of banks

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B A consistent increase in national income

ምክንያቱ

According to the textbook, economic growth is defined as a consistent increase in national income over time.

ጥያቄ 3

The labor force of a country includes able and willing people within which age bracket?

A.10 to 45 years
B.15 to 64 years
C.18 to 70 years
D.21 to 60 years

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 15 to 64 years

ምክንያቱ

The labor force includes people within the specified age bracket of 15 to 64 who are either employed or actively looking for work.

ጥያቄ 4

Which term describes a sustained and persistent increase in the general price level of goods and services?

A.Inflation
B.Deflation
C.Recession
D.Depreciation

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Inflation

ምክንያቱ

Inflation is a situation characterized by a sustained, persistent, and appreciable increase in the general price level.

ጥያቄ 5

An economy has a GDP of 600 billion birr and a Net Factor Income from Foreign Sources (NFI) of -30 billion birr. What is its Gross National Product (GNP)?

A.630 billion birr
B.570 billion birr
C.-30 billion birr
D.600 billion birr

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 570 billion birr

ምክንያቱ

The relationship is given by the formula GNP = GDP + NFI. Here, GNP = 600 + (-30) = 570 billion birr.

ጥያቄ 6

Why is Real GDP preferred over Nominal GDP when comparing economic performance over different years?

A.It excludes the effect of price changes by using constant prices
B.It includes intermediate products used during production
C.It measures output at current market prices
D.It only measures goods produced by foreign companies

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A It excludes the effect of price changes by using constant prices

ምክንያቱ

Real GDP measures output at constant prices and eliminates the effect of price changes (inflation or deflation), allowing true production comparisons over time.

ጥያቄ 7

Which type of inflation occurs when aggregate demand rises faster than the economy's productive capacity, creating a situation where too much money chases too few goods?

A.Cost-push inflation
B.Demand-pull inflation
C.Supply-side inflation
D.Imported inflation

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Demand-pull inflation

ምክንያቱ

Demand-pull inflation results from an increase in aggregate demand when the economy is producing at or near full capacity, so too much money chases too few goods.

ጥያቄ 8

Bekele graduated from university in Hawassa last month and is currently looking for his first job. Which type of unemployment is Bekele experiencing?

A.Frictional unemployment
B.Cyclical unemployment
C.Structural unemployment
D.Deflationary unemployment

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Frictional unemployment

ምክንያቱ

Frictional unemployment includes brief periods of unemployment such as a new graduate entering the labor force to find work or workers switching jobs.

ጥያቄ 9

Suppose in a given year, an economy records a Nominal GDP of 400 billion birr and a Price Index of 800. What is the Real GDP of this economy?