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Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 7 Diinagdee kutaa 9: Seensa Maakroo'ikonomiksii

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 7 kitaaba Diinagdee kutaa 9 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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5
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 7
93–104
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 7

Boqonnaan 7 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Definition of Macroeconomic Variales
  2. 2.Macroeconomic Goals
  3. 3.Macroeconomic Problems

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 7

Kaardiiwwan fuula Diinagdee kutaa 9 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Gosa Daballii GatiiSababa IjooAmala Ijoo
Demand-pull inflationDaballii aggregate demandHojii guutuu (full capacity) biratti qarshiin baay'een oomisha muraasa hordofuu
Cost-push inflationHir'ina aggregate supplyDaballii baasii galtee (input costs), mindaa olaanaa, yookiin gufuuwwan oomishaa

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Gabatee kanatti fayyadamuun daballii gatii fedhii dabaluun dhufu fi dhiyeessiin hir'achuun dhufu adda baasaa.

Of eeggadhu

Demand-pull fedhii waliigalaa dabaluu irraa kan ka'u yoo ta'u, Cost-push immoo gatiin oomishaa dabaluu irraa dhufa.

Grade 9 Economics, fuula 93-104 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

GNP=GDP+NFI\text{GNP} = \text{GDP} + \text{NFI}
GNP\text{GNP}
Oomisha Waliigalaa BiyyoolessaaETB\text{ETB}
GDP\text{GDP}
Oomisha Waliigalaa Biyya KeessaaETB\text{ETB}
NFI\text{NFI}
Galii qulqulluu maddoota biyya alaa irraa argameETB\text{ETB}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Foormulaa kanatti fayyadamuun NFI gara GDPtti dabaluudhaan GNP herreguuf gargaara.

Of eeggadhu

Galiin lammiilee biyya alaaf kaffalame galii biyya alaa irraa dhufe yoo caale NFI nagaatiivii ta'a, kunis GNPn GDP irra akka xiqqaatu taasisa.

Grade 9 Economics, fuula 93-104 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Oomishaalee fi tajaajiloota herrega GDP keessatti hammataman adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Intermediate Goods herrega GDP keessatti hin dabalinaa. Lammata lakkaa'uu ittisuuf oomishaalee fi tajaajiloota xumuraa daangaa biyyaa keessatti oomishaman qofatu lakkaa'ama.

Grade 9 Economics, fuula 93-104 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Real GDP=Nominal GDPPrice Index×100\text{Real GDP} = \frac{\text{Nominal GDP}}{\text{Price Index}} \times 100
Real GDP\text{Real GDP}
Gross Domestic Product gatii dhaabbataadhaan safarameETB\text{ETB}
Nominal GDP\text{Nominal GDP}
Gross Domestic Product gatii ammaatiin safarameETB\text{ETB}
Price Index\text{Price Index}
Safartuu giddu galeessaa jijjiirama gatiidimensionless\text{dimensionless}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Foormulaa kanatti fayyadamuun dhiibbaa jijjiirama gatii Nominal GDP keessaa baasuun oomisha dhugaa gatii dhaabbataan herreguuf gargaara.

Of eeggadhu

Yeroo hunda jalqaba Nominal GDP Price Indexf qoodaa, sana booda 100n baay'isaa.

Grade 9 Economics, fuula 93-104 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gosa Hojii DhabdummaaSababa Ijoo
Frictional unemploymentCe'umsa hojii yeroo, seasonality, yookiin warra haaraa gara hojiitti seenuuf barbaadan
Structural unemploymentDandeettii hojjetaa yookiin bakka jireenyaafi ulaagaalee qaxaraa gidduu walsimannaa dhabamuu
Cyclical unemploymentYeroo economic recessions yookiin gadi bu'iinsa dinagdeetti hanqina aggregate demand uumamu

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Gabatee kanatti fayyadamuun gosa hojii dhabdummaa sababa isaanii irratti hundaa'uun adda baasaa.

Of eeggadhu

Structural unemployment (walsimannaa dhabuu dandeettii) fi Cyclical unemployment (hir'ina fedhii waliigalaa yeroo kisaaraa) walitti hin makhinaa.

Grade 9 Economics, fuula 93-104 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 7

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

  1. A.The total value of all intermediate goods used in production
  2. B.The total value of currently produced final goods and services within a country boundary
  3. C.The total amount of money sent from citizens living abroad
  4. D.The value of all goods produced only by government-owned factories
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B The total value of currently produced final goods and services within a country boundary

Sababa

GDP is defined as the total value of currently produced final goods and services that are produced within a country's boundary during a given time period, usually one year.

Gaaffii 2

In macroeconomics, what is economic growth defined as?

  1. A.A continuous rise in general price levels
  2. B.A consistent increase in national income
  3. C.An increase in imported goods from abroad
  4. D.A reduction in the total number of banks
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B A consistent increase in national income

Sababa

According to the textbook, economic growth is defined as a consistent increase in national income over time.

Gaaffii 3

The labor force of a country includes able and willing people within which age bracket?

  1. A.10 to 45 years
  2. B.15 to 64 years
  3. C.18 to 70 years
  4. D.21 to 60 years
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 15 to 64 years

Sababa

The labor force includes people within the specified age bracket of 15 to 64 who are either employed or actively looking for work.

Gaaffii 4

Which term describes a sustained and persistent increase in the general price level of goods and services?

  1. A.Inflation
  2. B.Deflation
  3. C.Recession
  4. D.Depreciation
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Inflation

Sababa

Inflation is a situation characterized by a sustained, persistent, and appreciable increase in the general price level.

Gaaffii 5

An economy has a GDP of 600 billion birr and a Net Factor Income from Foreign Sources (NFI) of -30 billion birr. What is its Gross National Product (GNP)?

  1. A.630 billion birr
  2. B.570 billion birr
  3. C.-30 billion birr
  4. D.600 billion birr
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 570 billion birr

Sababa

The relationship is given by the formula GNP = GDP + NFI. Here, GNP = 600 + (-30) = 570 billion birr.

Gaaffii 6

Why is Real GDP preferred over Nominal GDP when comparing economic performance over different years?

  1. A.It excludes the effect of price changes by using constant prices
  2. B.It includes intermediate products used during production
  3. C.It measures output at current market prices
  4. D.It only measures goods produced by foreign companies
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A It excludes the effect of price changes by using constant prices

Sababa

Real GDP measures output at constant prices and eliminates the effect of price changes (inflation or deflation), allowing true production comparisons over time.

Gaaffii 7

Which type of inflation occurs when aggregate demand rises faster than the economy's productive capacity, creating a situation where too much money chases too few goods?

  1. A.Cost-push inflation
  2. B.Demand-pull inflation
  3. C.Supply-side inflation
  4. D.Imported inflation
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Demand-pull inflation

Sababa

Demand-pull inflation results from an increase in aggregate demand when the economy is producing at or near full capacity, so too much money chases too few goods.

Gaaffii 8

Bekele graduated from university in Hawassa last month and is currently looking for his first job. Which type of unemployment is Bekele experiencing?

  1. A.Frictional unemployment
  2. B.Cyclical unemployment
  3. C.Structural unemployment
  4. D.Deflationary unemployment
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Frictional unemployment

Sababa

Frictional unemployment includes brief periods of unemployment such as a new graduate entering the labor force to find work or workers switching jobs.

Gaaffii 9

Suppose in a given year, an economy records a Nominal GDP of 400 billion birr and a Price Index of 800. What is the Real GDP of this economy?

  1. A.320 billion birr
  2. B.50 billion birr
  3. C.200 billion birr
  4. D.500 billion birr
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 50 billion birr

Sababa

Using the formula: Real GDP = (Nominal GDP / Price index) * 100, we get (400 / 800) * 100 = 0.5 * 100 = 50 billion birr.

Gaaffii 10

Under which condition will a nation's Gross National Product (GNP) be greater than its Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

  1. A.When Net Factor Income from foreign sources (NFI) is greater than zero
  2. B.When Net Factor Income from foreign sources (NFI) is less than zero
  3. C.When the economy has no interaction with the rest of the world
  4. D.When the price index is equal to 100
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A When Net Factor Income from foreign sources (NFI) is greater than zero

Sababa

Since GNP = GDP + NFI, whenever NFI > 0, it follows that GNP > GDP.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 7

Boqonnaan 7 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 93 hanga fuula 104 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 130

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Diinagdee kutaa 9 hunda

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