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Qormaata galuumsa kutaa 12ffaa Ingiliffa, bara 2018 A.L.I (2026), maxxansa 2

Gaaffilee dhugaa qormaata galuumsa yunivarsiitii kutaa 12 kan Ingiliffa, akkuma barattoonni bara 2018 A.L.I itti fudhatanitti. Tokkoon tokkoon gaaffii deebii sirrii fi ibsa qaba. Qormaanni bara 2018 A.L.I maxxansa adda addaatiin bahe. Fuulli kun maxxansa 2 qaba; kaan gadi aanee tarreeffamaniiru.

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2018 A.L.I (2026), maxxansa 2
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Gaaffilee 87 deebii waliin
Kuusaa kana keessa

Gaaffilee qormaata kanaa yaalaa

Deebii banuun dura tokkoon tokkoon gaaffii ofii keessaniin deebisaa. Ibsi gara kutaa kitaaba barnootaa sirriitti waan qajeelchuuf, yeroo gaaffii dogoggortan fuula kam irra deebi'uu akka qabdan ni beektu.

Gaaffii 1

Most textbooks and courses in comparative politics have traditionally distinguished between industrial (and primarily Western) democracies — the First World; communist states as the Second World; and poor countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that had recently gained independence as the Third World. This categorization was based, in part, on distinctive economic features that helped characterize different political systems. Economic organization and performance both affected and reflected the realities of politics in these different political systems: the capitalist (or market) economies and high standard of living in North America, Western Europe, Japan, and a few other countries; the socialist (or planned) economies of countries ruled by a Communist Party, such as the Soviet Union and China; and the low level of economic development and widespread poverty characteristic of the Third World. Democracy was another dividing line in this way of looking at the nations of the world. The capitalist industrialized countries were not only wealthy but also stable and democratic; communist systems were unquestionably dictatorial; and Third World nations had a despotic leader, one- party rule, a military regime, or — at best — democracy marred by high levels of social and political violence. One of the consequences of the many profound changes of recent decades is that these economic and political differences among types of countries are no longer so clear. For one thing, sharp differences in growth rates among developing countries in recent years make it difficult to generalize with confidence about the Third World. Furthermore, scores of developing countries have become democratic in the past two decades. From Argentina to Zimbabwe, countries that were formerly undemocratic have adopted democratic institutions. Linked to the swelling of the ranks of democratic countries in the Third World has been the near- disappearance of countries in the Second World. Beginning in 1989, the collapse of communism in the former Soviet Union and East Central Europe set off a revolutionary change in world politics. Only a handful of countries — China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) — are now ruled by communist parties and declare an allegiance to communist ideology. It follows that "Second World" is no longer a useful category by which to classify countries. These recent economic and political trends challenge and complicate the way that comparativists categorize the world's countries. But we believe that "Third World" remains a valid and useful concept and that the countries included in this text continue to share many distinct characteristics that allow us to identify them as part of the Third World. The purpose of mentioning China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, and North Korea is to show that...

A.No country today shows allegiance to communist ideology
B.The world has known only a handful of countries who were ruled by communist parties
C.These are the countries that are still under the rule of communist parties
D.The world is still deeply divided in ideology

Deebii fi ibsa ilaalaa

Deebii: C These are the countries that are still under the rule of communist parties

Maaliif

The five countries are named in the sentence "Only a handful of countries ... are now ruled by communist parties and declare an allegiance to communist ideology". The list is there to show which states still have communist rule after 1989. Option A says no country shows allegiance to communist ideology, but that same sentence says these five do.

Gaaffii 2

Most textbooks and courses in comparative politics have traditionally distinguished between industrial (and primarily Western) democracies — the First World; communist states as the Second World; and poor countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that had recently gained independence as the Third World. This categorization was based, in part, on distinctive economic features that helped characterize different political systems. Economic organization and performance both affected and reflected the realities of politics in these different political systems: the capitalist (or market) economies and high standard of living in North America, Western Europe, Japan, and a few other countries; the socialist (or planned) economies of countries ruled by a Communist Party, such as the Soviet Union and China; and the low level of economic development and widespread poverty characteristic of the Third World. Democracy was another dividing line in this way of looking at the nations of the world. The capitalist industrialized countries were not only wealthy but also stable and democratic; communist systems were unquestionably dictatorial; and Third World nations had a despotic leader, one- party rule, a military regime, or — at best — democracy marred by high levels of social and political violence. One of the consequences of the many profound changes of recent decades is that these economic and political differences among types of countries are no longer so clear. For one thing, sharp differences in growth rates among developing countries in recent years make it difficult to generalize with confidence about the Third World. Furthermore, scores of developing countries have become democratic in the past two decades. From Argentina to Zimbabwe, countries that were formerly undemocratic have adopted democratic institutions. Linked to the swelling of the ranks of democratic countries in the Third World has been the near- disappearance of countries in the Second World. Beginning in 1989, the collapse of communism in the former Soviet Union and East Central Europe set off a revolutionary change in world politics. Only a handful of countries — China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) — are now ruled by communist parties and declare an allegiance to communist ideology. It follows that "Second World" is no longer a useful category by which to classify countries. These recent economic and political trends challenge and complicate the way that comparativists categorize the world's countries. But we believe that "Third World" remains a valid and useful concept and that the countries included in this text continue to share many distinct characteristics that allow us to identify them as part of the Third World. Which one of the following is true about the Third World?

A.It is no more a valid concept in the categorization of the countries of the world
B.It is still a valid concept in the categorization of the countries of the world
C.The countries in this category do not share anything in common any more
D.The countries in this category have all become democratic

Deebii fi ibsa ilaalaa

Deebii: B It is still a valid concept in the categorization of the countries of the world

Maaliif

The last paragraph states the writers' position: "Third World" remains a valid and useful concept, and the countries in it still share many distinct characteristics. That is option B. Option D is tempting because the passage says scores of developing countries have become democratic, but scores is not all of them.

Gaaffii 3

Most textbooks and courses in comparative politics have traditionally distinguished between industrial (and primarily Western) democracies — the First World; communist states as the Second World; and poor countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that had recently gained independence as the Third World. This categorization was based, in part, on distinctive economic features that helped characterize different political systems. Economic organization and performance both affected and reflected the realities of politics in these different political systems: the capitalist (or market) economies and high standard of living in North America, Western Europe, Japan, and a few other countries; the socialist (or planned) economies of countries ruled by a Communist Party, such as the Soviet Union and China; and the low level of economic development and widespread poverty characteristic of the Third World. Democracy was another dividing line in this way of looking at the nations of the world. The capitalist industrialized countries were not only wealthy but also stable and democratic; communist systems were unquestionably dictatorial; and Third World nations had a despotic leader, one- party rule, a military regime, or — at best — democracy marred by high levels of social and political violence. One of the consequences of the many profound changes of recent decades is that these economic and political differences among types of countries are no longer so clear. For one thing, sharp differences in growth rates among developing countries in recent years make it difficult to generalize with confidence about the Third World. Furthermore, scores of developing countries have become democratic in the past two decades. From Argentina to Zimbabwe, countries that were formerly undemocratic have adopted democratic institutions. Linked to the swelling of the ranks of democratic countries in the Third World has been the near- disappearance of countries in the Second World. Beginning in 1989, the collapse of communism in the former Soviet Union and East Central Europe set off a revolutionary change in world politics. Only a handful of countries — China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) — are now ruled by communist parties and declare an allegiance to communist ideology. It follows that "Second World" is no longer a useful category by which to classify countries. These recent economic and political trends challenge and complicate the way that comparativists categorize the world's countries. But we believe that "Third World" remains a valid and useful concept and that the countries included in this text continue to share many distinct characteristics that allow us to identify them as part of the Third World. "Them" in line 28 refers to

A.Third World countries
B.First World countries
C.Second World countries
D.Characteristics

Deebii fi ibsa ilaalaa

Deebii: A Third World countries

Maaliif

The pronoun sits in "allow us to identify them as part of the Third World". Only countries can be part of the Third World, and the sentence is about the countries included in the text, so "them" points back to Third World countries. Option D is tempting because "characteristics" is the nearest noun, but characteristics are what identify the countries, not what belongs to the Third World.

Gaaffii 4

Most textbooks and courses in comparative politics have traditionally distinguished between industrial (and primarily Western) democracies — the First World; communist states as the Second World; and poor countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that had recently gained independence as the Third World. This categorization was based, in part, on distinctive economic features that helped characterize different political systems. Economic organization and performance both affected and reflected the realities of politics in these different political systems: the capitalist (or market) economies and high standard of living in North America, Western Europe, Japan, and a few other countries; the socialist (or planned) economies of countries ruled by a Communist Party, such as the Soviet Union and China; and the low level of economic development and widespread poverty characteristic of the Third World. Democracy was another dividing line in this way of looking at the nations of the world. The capitalist industrialized countries were not only wealthy but also stable and democratic; communist systems were unquestionably dictatorial; and Third World nations had a despotic leader, one- party rule, a military regime, or — at best — democracy marred by high levels of social and political violence. One of the consequences of the many profound changes of recent decades is that these economic and political differences among types of countries are no longer so clear. For one thing, sharp differences in growth rates among developing countries in recent years make it difficult to generalize with confidence about the Third World. Furthermore, scores of developing countries have become democratic in the past two decades. From Argentina to Zimbabwe, countries that were formerly undemocratic have adopted democratic institutions. Linked to the swelling of the ranks of democratic countries in the Third World has been the near- disappearance of countries in the Second World. Beginning in 1989, the collapse of communism in the former Soviet Union and East Central Europe set off a revolutionary change in world politics. Only a handful of countries — China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) — are now ruled by communist parties and declare an allegiance to communist ideology. It follows that "Second World" is no longer a useful category by which to classify countries. These recent economic and political trends challenge and complicate the way that comparativists categorize the world's countries. But we believe that "Third World" remains a valid and useful concept and that the countries included in this text continue to share many distinct characteristics that allow us to identify them as part of the Third World. "..have traditionally distinguished between industrial.." distinguished (line 1) means

A.Discussed
B.Determined
C.Accepted the difference
D.Showed the similarity

Deebii fi ibsa ilaalaa

Deebii: C Accepted the difference

Maaliif

To distinguish between two things is to see and accept that they are different from each other. The sentence is about textbooks that sorted countries into three separate groups, which is exactly that. Option D says the opposite, showing similarity.

Gaaffii 5

Most textbooks and courses in comparative politics have traditionally distinguished between industrial (and primarily Western) democracies — the First World; communist states as the Second World; and poor countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that had recently gained independence as the Third World. This categorization was based, in part, on distinctive economic features that helped characterize different political systems. Economic organization and performance both affected and reflected the realities of politics in these different political systems: the capitalist (or market) economies and high standard of living in North America, Western Europe, Japan, and a few other countries; the socialist (or planned) economies of countries ruled by a Communist Party, such as the Soviet Union and China; and the low level of economic development and widespread poverty characteristic of the Third World. Democracy was another dividing line in this way of looking at the nations of the world. The capitalist industrialized countries were not only wealthy but also stable and democratic; communist systems were unquestionably dictatorial; and Third World nations had a despotic leader, one- party rule, a military regime, or — at best — democracy marred by high levels of social and political violence. One of the consequences of the many profound changes of recent decades is that these economic and political differences among types of countries are no longer so clear. For one thing, sharp differences in growth rates among developing countries in recent years make it difficult to generalize with confidence about the Third World. Furthermore, scores of developing countries have become democratic in the past two decades. From Argentina to Zimbabwe, countries that were formerly undemocratic have adopted democratic institutions. Linked to the swelling of the ranks of democratic countries in the Third World has been the near- disappearance of countries in the Second World. Beginning in 1989, the collapse of communism in the former Soviet Union and East Central Europe set off a revolutionary change in world politics. Only a handful of countries — China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) — are now ruled by communist parties and declare an allegiance to communist ideology. It follows that "Second World" is no longer a useful category by which to classify countries. These recent economic and political trends challenge and complicate the way that comparativists categorize the world's countries. But we believe that "Third World" remains a valid and useful concept and that the countries included in this text continue to share many distinct characteristics that allow us to identify them as part of the Third World. "..were not only wealthy but also stable and democratic" stable (line 11) means...

A.Poor
B.Not changing
C.Serious
D.Helping others

Deebii fi ibsa ilaalaa

Deebii: B Not changing

Maaliif

Here "stable" describes a country that stays steady and does not swing between crises or governments, so "not changing" is the meaning. Option C, serious, describes a person's manner, not whether a political system changes.

Gaaffii 6

Most textbooks and courses in comparative politics have traditionally distinguished between industrial (and primarily Western) democracies — the First World; communist states as the Second World; and poor countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that had recently gained independence as the Third World. This categorization was based, in part, on distinctive economic features that helped characterize different political systems. Economic organization and performance both affected and reflected the realities of politics in these different political systems: the capitalist (or market) economies and high standard of living in North America, Western Europe, Japan, and a few other countries; the socialist (or planned) economies of countries ruled by a Communist Party, such as the Soviet Union and China; and the low level of economic development and widespread poverty characteristic of the Third World. Democracy was another dividing line in this way of looking at the nations of the world. The capitalist industrialized countries were not only wealthy but also stable and democratic; communist systems were unquestionably dictatorial; and Third World nations had a despotic leader, one- party rule, a military regime, or — at best — democracy marred by high levels of social and political violence. One of the consequences of the many profound changes of recent decades is that these economic and political differences among types of countries are no longer so clear. For one thing, sharp differences in growth rates among developing countries in recent years make it difficult to generalize with confidence about the Third World. Furthermore, scores of developing countries have become democratic in the past two decades. From Argentina to Zimbabwe, countries that were formerly undemocratic have adopted democratic institutions. Linked to the swelling of the ranks of democratic countries in the Third World has been the near- disappearance of countries in the Second World. Beginning in 1989, the collapse of communism in the former Soviet Union and East Central Europe set off a revolutionary change in world politics. Only a handful of countries — China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) — are now ruled by communist parties and declare an allegiance to communist ideology. It follows that "Second World" is no longer a useful category by which to classify countries. These recent economic and political trends challenge and complicate the way that comparativists categorize the world's countries. But we believe that "Third World" remains a valid and useful concept and that the countries included in this text continue to share many distinct characteristics that allow us to identify them as part of the Third World. "These recent economic and political trends challenge and complicate.." trends (line 27) means

A.Development
B.Promotion
C.Acceptable move
D.General direction

Deebii fi ibsa ilaalaa

Deebii: D General direction

Maaliif

A trend is the general direction in which things are moving. The paragraph has been listing shifts over recent decades, and "these recent economic and political trends" gathers those directions together. Option A, development, names growth in one direction only, while a trend can move either way.

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