Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 2 kitaaba Baayoloojii kutaa 10 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Baayoloojii kutaa 10 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Guddinni jirmaafi hidda biqiltootaa ifa kallattii tokkoofi harkisa lafaatiif deebii akkamii akka kennan ibsuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Hangi ooksinii guddina jirmaa saffisiisu sun hiddi akka hin dheerannee dhorka.
Grade 10 Biology, fuula 17-49 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Amala | Sanyii Dicot | Sanyii Monocot |
|---|---|---|
| Cotyledons | Cotyledons lama qaba | Cotyledon tokko qofa qaba |
| Caasaa cotyledon | Foon qabeessa fi nyaata kan kuusu | Haphii fi meeshaalee nyaataa kan hin qabne |
| Endosperm | Hin qabu | Guddaa fi sirriitti kan dagaage |
| Guddina root | Primary root'n lateral roots baasa | Primary root'n fibrous roots'n bakka bu'ama |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Caasaalee qaamaafi bakka kuusaa nyaataa sanyiiwwan biqiltoota habaqaaf walbira qabuuf gargaara.
Of eeggadhu
Sanyiin Monocot soorata endosparmii keessatti kan kuusan yoo ta'u, sanyiin dicot immoo kotileedonii furdaa lamaan keessatti kuusu.
Grade 10 Biology, fuula 17-49 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Miidhaa qola jirmaa naanneffanii muruun biqiltuu irraan geessisu tartiibaan tilmaamuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Qola muruun filooyeemii qofa balleysa. Zaayileemiin waan jiruuf bishaan ol dhufullee sooranni gadi hin dabarre waan ta'eef hiddi dura du'a.
Grade 10 Biology, fuula 17-49 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Sadarkaa | Bakka Kilooroopilaastii | Galteewwan | Bu'aawwan |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light reaction | Granum | Sunlight, | , ATP, |
| Dark reaction | Stroma | , ATP, | Glucose |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Sadarkaalee footosinteesisii fi bakkeewwan isaan kilooroopilaastii keessatti itti gaggeeffaman adda baasuuf gargaara.
Of eeggadhu
Oksijiiniin kan uumamu giraanamii keessatti fotolayisii bishaaniitiin yeroo ifaati malee dhiheessii kaarboon daayoksaayidii irraa miti.
Grade 10 Biology, fuula 17-49 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Amala | Zaayileemii | Filooyeemii |
|---|---|---|
| Haala cell | Celloota du'an kanneen dhedheeroo | Celloota lubbuu qaban |
| Wantoota geejjibaman | Bishaan fi albuudota bulbulaman | Nyaata organic oomishame |
| Kallattii yaa'aa | Root irraa gara baalatti ol | Sources fi sinks gidduutti kallattii lachuu |
| Mechanism sochooftuu | Transpiration pull | Translocation |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Ujummoolee dabrarsituu, wantoota geejjibamaniifi tooftaalee geejjibaa biqiltoota keessatti walbira qabuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Zaayileemiin bishaan gara oliitti qofa harkisa tiraanispiireeshiniin kan daddabarsu yoo ta'u, filooyeemiin immoo lubbu qabeeyyiin nyaata kallattii lamaaniinuu geejjiba.
Grade 10 Biology, fuula 17-49 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Wanti | Yeroo dabaltu maaltu ta'a | Kun maal si barsiisa |
|---|---|---|
| Light intensity | Ifni yeroo dabalu saffisni ni dabala, ergasii diriiraa ta'ee hafa. | Kutaan ol ka'aan ifni daangessaa ta'uu agarsiisa. Kutaan diriiraan immoo wanti biraa bakka isaa fudhachuu agarsiisa. |
| Carbon dioxide concentration | Saffisni ni dabala, ergasii akkuma sarara ifaa diriiraa ta'a. | Qilleensi carbon dioxide 0.04% qofa waan qabuuf, aduu cimaa keessatti irra caalaa daangessaan kanuma. |
| Temperature | Saffisni sadarkaa ol'aanaatti ol ba'a, sanaa olitti immoo saffisaan gadi bu'a. Biqiltoota qonnaa beekamoof sadarkaan ol'aanaan tilmaamaan 25 °C hanga 35 °C gidduu jira. | Gadi bu'uun sun ho'i enzyme balleessuu isaati. Naannoo 0 °C saffisni zeeroo dhihaata. |
| Water | Biqiltuun bishaan hanqate ni suuta'a, garuu bishaan inni fudhatu keessaa xiqqoon qofti walnyaatinsa keessatti hojiirra oola. | Biqiltuun bishaan kuusuuf stomata isaa cufa, stomatni cufamanis dhiheessii carbon dioxide kuta. |
| Chlorophyll | Hangi buqqee magariisa fayyaa qabu yoo xiqqaate saffisnis ni gadi bu'a. | Ifni kan qabamu chlorophyll'iini, kanaafuu dhukkubni baalaa yookaan hanqinni magnesium akkuma gaaddisaa saffisicha gadi buusa. |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo gaaffiin saffisni photosynthesis maaliif dabaluu dhaabe, yookaan biqiltuun caalaatti akka oomishuuf maal jijjiiruu qabna jedhu dhufu itti fayyadami. Saffisicha kan murteessu haala hunda caalaa xiqqaate waan ta'eef, inni sun hanga dabalutti kan biraa dabaluun homaa hin jijjiiru.
Of eeggadhu
Asitti dogoggorri lama qabxii nama dhabsiisa. Sararri ho'aa akka sarara ifaa miti. Sadarkaa ol'aanaa gahee ergasii saffisaan gadi bu'a, sababni isaas ho'i enzyme balleessa. Lammaffaa, yeroo sararri ifaa diriiraa ta'u deebiin biqiltuun amma ifa gahaa qaba kan jedhu miti. Wanta bakka isaa fudhate moggaasi: hammi carbon dioxide yookaan ho'i saffisicha gadi qabee jira, ifa dabaluunis sochoosuu hin danda'u.
| Tarkaanfii | Maal goota | Maaliif barbaachisa |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Starch balleessuu | Biqiltuu sana sa'aatii 24 hanga 48 dukkana guutuu keessa tursi, ergasii baala tokko iodine'iin qoradhuu starch akka hin hafne mirkaneessi. | Starch qorannoo dura kuufame baala guutuu gurraacha cuquliisa waan taasisuuf bu'aan sun homaa hin mirkaneessu. |
| 2. Haguuguu | Kutaa baala tokkoo waraqaa gurraacha yookaan aluminium foil'iin fuula lamaan irraa haguugii hidhi, kutaa hafe immoo banaa dhiisi. | Fuula gubbaa qofa yoo haguugde ifni gadiin waan seenuuf kutaan haguugame sunis starch hojjeta. |
| 3. Ifa kennuu | Biqiltuu sana sa'aatii 4 hanga 6 tilmaamaan aduu cimaa keessa dhaabi. | Photosynthesis yeroo kana qofa hojjechuu waan danda'uuf starch ati argattu amma hojjetame. |
| 4. Bishaan keessatti danfisuu | Baala sana muri, daqiiqaa tokko tilmaamaan bishaan keessatti danfisi. | Seelota ni ajjeesa, walnyaatinsa ni dhaaba, haguuggii seelaas akka dhangala'aan keessa darbu taasisa. |
| 5. Ethanol keessatti danfisuu | Ethanol sana bishaan ho'aa keessa dhaabii, baalli sun hanga halluu dhabutti keessatti danfisi. | Ethanol chlorophyll ni baqsa. Salphaatti waan qabatuuf gonkumaa ibidda irratti kallattiidhaan hin ho'ifamu. |
| 6. Iodine itti naquu | Baala halluu dhabe sana akka laafuuf bishaan ho'aa keessa cuuphi, xaabboo adii irra diriirsii iodine'iin haguugi. | Bishaan ho'aan baala cabaa sana diriirsa, iodine immoo qorannoo starch'iiti. |
| 7. Bu'aa dubbisuu | Kutaan hin haguugamne gurraacha cuquliisa ta'a. Kutaan haguugame immoo halluu keelloo magaala iodine sanaa qabatee hafa. | Starch bakka ifni gaheetti qofa waan hojjetameef photosynthesis'iif ifni barbaachisaa dha. |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Qorannoo photosynthesis'iif ifni akka barbaachisu agarsiisuuf godhamuuf, akkasumas gaaffii tarkaanfiin tokkoon tokkoon isaa maaliif akka hojjetamu gaafatuuf itti fayyadami. Kutaan baala sanaa kan haguugame to'annoo dha. Biqiltuu, bishaan, carbon dioxide fi ho'a wal fakkaataa waan qooddatuuf wanti garaagarummaa qabu ifa qofa.
Of eeggadhu
Barattoonni biqiltuu dukkana keessa turuu sana dhiisanii kallattiidhaan aduutti baasu. Ergasii kutaan haguugamee fi kan hin haguugamin lachuu gurraacha cuquliisa ta'u, sababni isaas starch sun qorannoon dura baala keessa ture, barataanis ifni hin barbaachisu jedhee barreessa. Dogoggorri biraa kan baay'inaan mul'atu baala magariisa kallattiidhaan iodine keessa cuuphuu dha. Chlorophyll waan keessa jiruuf jijjiiramni halluu tokko iyyuu hin mul'atu.
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
Which reproductive structure is found in gymnosperms like Podocarpus falcatus (Zigba) and Juniperus procera (Tid) instead of flowers?
Deebii: A Cones
Sababa
Gymnosperms do not have flowers or fruits. Instead, their reproductive organs are cones, which produce naked seeds.
Gaaffii 2
What is the rigid cell wall of a plant cell mainly made of?
Deebii: B Cellulose
Sababa
Plant cells are surrounded by a rigid cell wall made primarily of cellulose.
Gaaffii 3
Which female part of a flower consists of the ovary, style, and stigma?
Deebii: C Pistil
Sababa
The pistil (also called carpel or gynoecium) is the female reproductive part consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
Gaaffii 4
What happens to the cotyledon during hypogeal seed germination?
Deebii: B It remains under the soil
Sababa
In hypogeal germination, the cotyledon stays beneath the ground. In epigeal germination, the cotyledon is pushed above the soil surface.
Gaaffii 5
Which tissue layer inside a leaf contains the greatest number of chloroplasts per cell to carry out most of the photosynthesis?
Deebii: C Palisade layer
Sababa
The palisade layer is positioned right below the upper epidermis and contains closely packed columnar cells with the largest number of chloroplasts per cell.
Gaaffii 6
Why do healthy green plant leaves appear green to our eyes?
Deebii: A Green light wavelengths are reflected instead of absorbed
Sababa
Chlorophyll absorbs light in the blue (400 to 500 nm) and red (600 to 700 nm) ranges, but green light (500 to 600 nm) is not absorbed and is reflected.
Gaaffii 7
What is the term for the light-driven splitting of water molecules into hydrogen ions and oxygen in the granum?
Deebii: C Photolysis
Sababa
During the light reaction in the granum, light energy splits water molecules (H2O) into H+ and O2. This process is called photolysis.
Gaaffii 8
How does phloem tissue differ from xylem tissue in vascular plants?
Deebii: A Phloem contains living cells that translocate food in both directions
Sababa
Phloem consists of living cells that actively transport organic food (sucrose and amino acids) up and down the plant, while xylem is made of dead cells transporting water and minerals upward.
Gaaffii 9
In a tree girdling experiment, a ring of bark containing the phloem is removed from the stem. Why does the plant root die first?
Deebii: B Translocation of food from the leaves to the root is stopped
Sababa
Removing the phloem disrupts food transport from the leaves to the sink tissues below. The roots die first because they are starved of organic food.
Gaaffii 10
In Charles Darwin's phototropism experiment, which condition prevented a young seedling shoot from bending toward light?
Deebii: B Covering the tip of the shoot with an opaque foil
Sababa
Darwin showed that when the tip of the coleoptile is removed or covered with opaque foil, the shoot fails to detect light and does not bend.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 2 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 17 hanga fuula 49 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 177
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
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