Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 3 Fiizikii kutaa 10: Ilastisitiifi Qaama Jabaa Istaatiiksii Keessatti

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 3 kitaaba Fiizikii kutaa 10 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

4
Kaardii: 10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 3: 60–81
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 3

Boqonnaan 3 maal haguuga

1.Elasticity and plasticity
2.Density and Specific Gravity
3.Stress and Strain
4.Young's Modulus
5.Static equilibrium

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 3

Kaardiiwwan fuula Fiizikii kutaa 10 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Ulaagaalee Madaallii DhaabbataaSeera

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Qaama jabaa madaallii irra jiruufi hin sochoone irratti Force yookiin fageenya hin beekamne shallaguuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Qaamni tokko guututti madaallii dhaabbataa irra kan ta'u yoo net force ziiroo ta'eefi net torque ziiroo ta'e qofaadha.

Grade 10 Physics, fuula 60-81 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Specific GravityFoormulaa

\text{SG} = \frac{\rho}{\rho_{\text{water}}}

\text{SG} = \frac{\rho}{\rho_{\text{water}}}

$\text{SG}$: rukkina firoominaa $\text{dimensionless}$
$\rho$: rukkina wantichaa $\text{kg}\,\text{m}^{-3}$
$\rho_{\text{water}}$: rukkina bishaanii $\text{kg}\,\text{m}^{-3}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Density wanta tokkoo Density bishaanii waliin walbira qabuuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Specific gravity reeshiyoo waan taef Unit hin qabu. Osoo hin qoodin dura Density lamaanuu Unit walfakkaataa qabaachuu mirkaneessaa.

Grade 10 Physics, fuula 60-81 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

TorqueFoormulaa

\tau = F_{\perp} r

\tau = F_{\perp} r

$\tau$: Toorkii $\text{N}\,\text{m}$
$\text{F}_{\perp}$: humna daangessaa $\text{N}$
$r$: fageenya utubaa irraa $\text{m}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Dhiibbaa naannessaa Force qabxii wiirtuu irraa fageenya irratti uumamu shallaguuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Fageenyi yeroo hunda qabxii wiirtuu irraa shallagamuu qaba, akkasumas qaamni Force perpendicular ta'e qofatu Torque uuma.

Grade 10 Physics, fuula 60-81 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Young's ModulusFoormulaa

Y = \frac{F L_0}{A \Delta L}

Y = \frac{F L_0}{A \Delta L}

$Y$: Moodulasii Yaangi $\text{N}\,\text{m}^{-2}$
$F$: humna dhiphinaa $\text{N}$
$L_0$: dheerina jalqabaa $\text{m}$
$A$: bal'ina qaxxaamuraa $\text{m}^2$
$\Delta L$: jijjiirama dheerinaa $\text{m}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Dheerina jijjiiramaa, Tensile stress, Tensile strain, yookiin boca jijjiirama meeshaa jabaa daangaa laastikii keessatti shallaguuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Yeroo Diameter kennamu, Area shallaguuf pi fi Diameter iskuweerii afuriif qooduu fayyadamaa.

Grade 10 Physics, fuula 60-81 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 3

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What is the physical property of a solid material that allows it to return to its original shape after an applied stretching force is removed?

A.Plasticity
B.Elasticity
C.Tensile stress
D.Specific gravity

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Elasticity

Sababa

Elasticity is the property of a material by which it returns to its original shape and size when the applied force or load is removed.

Gaaffii 2

During a classroom activity, a piece of brass sinks in water while a block of wood floats. Why does this happen?

A.Brass has a greater density than water, whereas wood has a lower density than water.
B.Brass has a lower density than water, whereas wood has a greater density than water.
C.Brass is elastic, whereas wood is plastic.
D.Brass has zero net force acting on it, whereas wood experiences zero torque.

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Brass has a greater density than water, whereas wood has a lower density than water.

Sababa

An object sinks if its density is greater than the density of the liquid, and it floats if its density is lower. Brass is denser than water, while wood is less dense.

Gaaffii 3

Which condition represents the first condition of static equilibrium for a rigid body?

A.The net torque acting on the body must be zero.
B.The net force acting on the body must be zero.
C.Stress must be directly proportional to strain.
D.The body must be stretched beyond its elastic limit.

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B The net force acting on the body must be zero.

Sababa

The first condition of equilibrium states that the vector sum of all external forces acting on the body must be zero (net force = 0), meaning ∑F_x = 0 and ∑F_y = 0.

Gaaffii 4

Tensile strain is calculated by dividing the change in length (ΔL) by the original length (L₀). What is the unit of tensile strain?

A.N/m^2
B.N
C.Dimensionless (it has no units)
D.kg/m^3

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Dimensionless (it has no units)

Sababa

Strain is a ratio of two lengths (ΔL / L₀), so the units cancel out. Therefore, strain is a dimensionless quantity.

Gaaffii 5

A student calculates the average density of the Earth to be 5.54 × 10³ kg/m³. If the density of water is 1.0 × 10³ kg/m³, what is the specific gravity (SG) of the Earth?

A.0.18
B.2.80
C.5.54
D.55.4

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 5.54

Sababa

Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water: SG = ρ_Earth / ρ_water = (5.54 × 10³ kg/m³) / (1.0 × 10³ kg/m³) = 5.54.

Gaaffii 6

A wire in a physics laboratory in Hawassa has an original length of 4.0 m. When pulled, its length increases by 0.24 mm. What is the tensile strain in the wire?

A.6.0 × 10^-5
B.9.6 × 10^-4
C.6.0 × 10^-2
D.1.67 × 10^4

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 6.0 × 10^-5

Sababa

Convert 0.24 mm to meters: 0.24 × 10^-3 m. Then, Tensile Strain = ΔL / L₀ = (0.24 × 10^-3 m) / 4.0 m = 6.0 × 10^-5.

Gaaffii 7

What is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while still returning to its original shape when the force is removed?

A.Young's modulus
B.Center of mass
C.Specific gravity
D.Elastic limit

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D Elastic limit

Sababa

The elastic limit refers to the maximum value of stress for which a material shows elastic behavior. Beyond this limit, permanent plastic deformation takes place.

Gaaffii 8

Two children balance horizontally on a seesaw. Child 1 has a mass of 26.0 kg and sits 1.60 m from the pivot. If Child 2 has a mass of 32.0 kg, at what distance from the pivot must Child 2 sit?

A.0.77 m
B.1.30 m
C.1.97 m
D.2.08 m

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 1.30 m

Sababa

For rotational balance, the net torque is zero: (m₁)(g)(r₁) = (m₂)(g)(r₂). Thus, r₂ = (26.0 kg × 1.60 m) / 32.0 kg = 1.30 m.

Gaaffii 9

A wire with a cross-sectional area of 3.14 × 10^-6 m² supports a suspended mass of 2.0 kg. Using g = 9.8 N/kg, what is the tensile stress in the wire?

A.6.24 × 10^6 N/m^2
B.3.18 × 10^7 N/m^2
C.1.96 × 10^1 N/m^2
D.6.14 × 10^-7 N/m^2

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 6.24 × 10^6 N/m^2

Sababa

Tensile stress = F / A = (mg) / A = (2.0 kg × 9.8 N/kg) / (3.14 × 10^-6 m²) = 19.6 N / (3.14 × 10^-6 m²) = 6.24 × 10⁶ N/m².

Gaaffii 10

A person standing at the end of a board creates a torque of 1800 N·m about a support post 4.0 m away. Taking g = 9.8 N/kg, what is the mass of the person?