Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 4 kitaaba Keemistirii kutaa 11 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Keemistirii kutaa 11 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Walitti bu'iinsi molakiyuulotaa maaliif oomisha akka kennu yookiin akka hin kennine ibsuuf gargaara.
Of eeggadhu
Walnyaatinsi akka raawwatuuf ulaagaaleen lamaan guutamuu qabu: kallattii sirrii fi anniisaa activation energy wajjin walqixa yookiin caalu qabaachuu qabu.
Grade 11 Chemistry, fuula 193-221 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Reetii walnyaatinsaa dhabama reektantootaa yookiin uumama oomishootaa wajjin walqabsiisuuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Yeroo hunda jijjiirama concentration tokkoon tokkoo wantootaa koofishentii isaaniitiif qooduu qabdu.
Grade 11 Chemistry, fuula 193-221 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Reetii walnyaatinsaa dhabama reektantootaan yeroo ibsinutti itti fayyadamna.
Of eeggadhu
Concentration reektantootaa waan hir'atuuf jijjiiramni isaa negative ta'a. Reetiin walnyaatinsaa positive akka ta'uuf mallattoon negative dura kaa'amuu qaba.
Grade 11 Chemistry, fuula 193-221 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
The rate of a chemical reaction is best defined as:
Deebii: B the change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time
Sababa
The chapter says the rate of a chemical reaction measures the change in concentration of a reactant or a product per unit time. Mass at the end, starting temperature and amount of catalyst are not the definition.
Gaaffii 2
Why does increasing the temperature of a reaction mixture usually increase the rate of reaction?
Deebii: A The average kinetic energy of the reacting particles increases, so they collide more frequently and with greater energy.
Sababa
The chapter explains that when temperature rises, the average kinetic energy of the particles increases. This makes the particles collide more often and with more energy, so the rate goes up.
Gaaffii 3
Why do finely divided solids react more rapidly than the same mass of the same substance in a large lump?
Deebii: C The powder has a greater surface area available for the reaction.
Sababa
The chapter says finely divided solids react more rapidly because of the greater surface area available. More surface means more particles are exposed to the other reactant at one time.
Gaaffii 4
Which statement about a positive catalyst is correct?
Deebii: C It lowers the activation energy, so the reaction becomes faster.
Sababa
The chapter says a positive catalyst increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy, Ea. Catalysts are not used up and do not change the position of equilibrium.
Gaaffii 5
For the reaction 3O2(g) → 2O3(g), which rate expression is correct?
Deebii: B Rate = -(1/3)Δ[O<sub>2</sub>]/Δt = (1/2)Δ[O<sub>3</sub>]/Δt
Sababa
The coefficients are 3 for O2 and 2 for O3. Each reactant term is divided by its coefficient (1/3 for O2), and each product term is divided by its coefficient (1/2 for O3). A minus sign is used for the reactant because its concentration decreases.
Gaaffii 6
In the reaction 2NO(g) + 2H2(g) → N2(g) + 2H2O(g), the rate of disappearance of NO is 4.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 s-1. What is the rate of formation of N2?
Deebii: C 2.0 × 10<sup>-5</sup> mol L<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>
Sababa
NO has a coefficient of 2 and N2 has a coefficient of 1. So the rate of N2 formation equals (1/2) of the rate of NO disappearance: (1/2) × 4.0 × 10-5 = 2.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 s-1.
Gaaffii 7
For the decomposition 2N2O5(g) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g), the average rate of formation of NO2 between 300 s and 400 s is 4.8 × 10-5 mol L-1 s-1. What is the average rate of formation of O2 in the same period?
Deebii: D 1.2 × 10<sup>-5</sup> mol L<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>
Sababa
The coefficients of NO2 and O2 are 4 and 1. The chapter says the rate of NO2 formation is four times the rate of O2 formation. So the rate of O2 formation is 4.8 × 10-5 ÷ 4 = 1.2 × 10-5 mol L-1 s-1.
Gaaffii 8
A student in a laboratory in Addis Ababa puts marble chips and dilute HCl in a flask on a balance. The mass of the flask and its contents goes down during the reaction. Why does the mass decrease?
Deebii: C Carbon dioxide gas escapes from the flask.
Sababa
In this experiment the reaction produces carbon dioxide gas. The gas leaves the flask, so the total mass in the flask goes down. The decrease in mass is used to measure the rate of reaction.
Gaaffii 9
For the reaction 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g), at a certain moment O2 is reacting at 0.050 mol L-1 s-1. At what rate is H2O being formed?
Deebii: C 0.060 mol L<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>
Sababa
Rate = -(1/5)Δ[O2]/Δt = (1/6)Δ[H2O]/Δt. So Δ[H2O]/Δt = (6/5) × 0.050 = 0.060 mol L-1 s-1. Water has the bigger coefficient, so it forms faster than O2 is used up.
Gaaffii 10
Which rate expression is correct for the reaction 5Br-(aq) + BrO3-(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 3Br2(aq) + 3H2O(l)?
Deebii: A Rate = -(1/5)Δ[Br<sup>-</sup>]/Δt = -(1/6)Δ[H<sup>+</sup>]/Δt
Sababa
Each reactant term is divided by its own coefficient. Br- has a coefficient of 5 and H+ has a coefficient of 6. A minus sign is used for reactants because their concentrations decrease.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 4 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 193 hanga fuula 221 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 342
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
Bilisaan jalqabi
Temari.et appii Android qaba; Google Play irratti bilisaan argama.
