የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ11ኛ ክፍል የኬሚስትሪ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 4 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።
በ11ኛ ክፍል የኬሚስትሪ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
የሞለኪውሎች ግጭት ለምን ወደ ውጤት እንደሚቀየር ወይም እንደማይቀየር ለማስረዳት ይጠቅማል።
ይጠንቀቁ
ሪአክሽን እንዲካሄድ ሁለቱም ቅድመ ሁኔታዎች በአንድ ላይ መሟላት አለባቸው፦ ሞለኪውሎች ትክክለኛ አቅጣጫ እና ከ activation energy ጋር እኩል ወይም የበለጠ kinetic energy ሊኖራቸው ይገባል።
ከGrade 11 Chemistry፣ ገጽ 193-221 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
የሪአክሽን ፍጥነትን ከተነካኪዎች መመናመን ወይም ከውጤቶች መፈጠር ፍጥነት ጋር በተመጣጠነ ኬሚካላዊ እኩልዮሽ ለማዛመድ ይጠቅማል።
ይጠንቀቁ
የእያንዳንዱን ንጥረ ነገር የ concentration ለውጥ ፍጥነት በተመጣጠነ እኩልዮሽ ውስጥ ላለው stoichiometric coefficient ማካፈልን አይርሱ።
ከGrade 11 Chemistry፣ ገጽ 193-221 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
የተነካኪዎችን መመናመን መሠረት በማድረግ የሪአክሽን ፍጥነትን ሲገልጹ ይጠቅማል።
ይጠንቀቁ
የተነካኪዎች concentration እየቀነሰ ስለሚሄድ የለውጡ ዋጋ negative ይሆናል፤ አጠቃላይ የሪአክሽን ፍጥነት positive እንዲሆን ከተነካኪው ፊት የ negative ምልክት መኖር አለበት።
ከGrade 11 Chemistry፣ ገጽ 193-221 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።
ጥያቄ 1
The rate of a chemical reaction is best defined as:
መልስ፦ B the change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time
ምክንያቱ
The chapter says the rate of a chemical reaction measures the change in concentration of a reactant or a product per unit time. Mass at the end, starting temperature and amount of catalyst are not the definition.
ጥያቄ 2
Why does increasing the temperature of a reaction mixture usually increase the rate of reaction?
መልስ፦ A The average kinetic energy of the reacting particles increases, so they collide more frequently and with greater energy.
ምክንያቱ
The chapter explains that when temperature rises, the average kinetic energy of the particles increases. This makes the particles collide more often and with more energy, so the rate goes up.
ጥያቄ 3
Why do finely divided solids react more rapidly than the same mass of the same substance in a large lump?
መልስ፦ C The powder has a greater surface area available for the reaction.
ምክንያቱ
The chapter says finely divided solids react more rapidly because of the greater surface area available. More surface means more particles are exposed to the other reactant at one time.
ጥያቄ 4
Which statement about a positive catalyst is correct?
መልስ፦ C It lowers the activation energy, so the reaction becomes faster.
ምክንያቱ
The chapter says a positive catalyst increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy, Ea. Catalysts are not used up and do not change the position of equilibrium.
ጥያቄ 5
For the reaction 3O2(g) → 2O3(g), which rate expression is correct?
መልስ፦ B Rate = -(1/3)Δ[O<sub>2</sub>]/Δt = (1/2)Δ[O<sub>3</sub>]/Δt
ምክንያቱ
The coefficients are 3 for O2 and 2 for O3. Each reactant term is divided by its coefficient (1/3 for O2), and each product term is divided by its coefficient (1/2 for O3). A minus sign is used for the reactant because its concentration decreases.
ጥያቄ 6
In the reaction 2NO(g) + 2H2(g) → N2(g) + 2H2O(g), the rate of disappearance of NO is 4.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 s-1. What is the rate of formation of N2?
መልስ፦ C 2.0 × 10<sup>-5</sup> mol L<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>
ምክንያቱ
NO has a coefficient of 2 and N2 has a coefficient of 1. So the rate of N2 formation equals (1/2) of the rate of NO disappearance: (1/2) × 4.0 × 10-5 = 2.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 s-1.
ጥያቄ 7
For the decomposition 2N2O5(g) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g), the average rate of formation of NO2 between 300 s and 400 s is 4.8 × 10-5 mol L-1 s-1. What is the average rate of formation of O2 in the same period?
መልስ፦ D 1.2 × 10<sup>-5</sup> mol L<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>
ምክንያቱ
The coefficients of NO2 and O2 are 4 and 1. The chapter says the rate of NO2 formation is four times the rate of O2 formation. So the rate of O2 formation is 4.8 × 10-5 ÷ 4 = 1.2 × 10-5 mol L-1 s-1.
ጥያቄ 8
A student in a laboratory in Addis Ababa puts marble chips and dilute HCl in a flask on a balance. The mass of the flask and its contents goes down during the reaction. Why does the mass decrease?
መልስ፦ C Carbon dioxide gas escapes from the flask.
ምክንያቱ
In this experiment the reaction produces carbon dioxide gas. The gas leaves the flask, so the total mass in the flask goes down. The decrease in mass is used to measure the rate of reaction.
ጥያቄ 9
For the reaction 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g), at a certain moment O2 is reacting at 0.050 mol L-1 s-1. At what rate is H2O being formed?
መልስ፦ C 0.060 mol L<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>
ምክንያቱ
Rate = -(1/5)Δ[O2]/Δt = (1/6)Δ[H2O]/Δt. So Δ[H2O]/Δt = (6/5) × 0.050 = 0.060 mol L-1 s-1. Water has the bigger coefficient, so it forms faster than O2 is used up.
ጥያቄ 10
Which rate expression is correct for the reaction 5Br-(aq) + BrO3-(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 3Br2(aq) + 3H2O(l)?
መልስ፦ A Rate = -(1/5)Δ[Br<sup>-</sup>]/Δt = -(1/6)Δ[H<sup>+</sup>]/Δt
ምክንያቱ
Each reactant term is divided by its own coefficient. Br- has a coefficient of 5 and H+ has a coefficient of 6. A minus sign is used for reactants because their concentrations decrease.
መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።
ምዕራፍ 4 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 193 እስከ ገጽ 221 ይደርሳል።
የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 342 ገጾች
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