Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 1 Jiyoograafii kutaa 11

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 1 kitaaba Jiyoograafii kutaa 11 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 1
1–26
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 1

Boqonnaan 1 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Formation of the continents and oceans
  2. 2.Geological timescale
  3. 3.Distribution of the continents and oceans
  4. 4.Changing position of the continents and oceans

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 1

Kaardiiwwan fuula Jiyoograafii kutaa 11 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Waggaa Ji'ooloojii (Era)Yeroo (Miliyoonotaan)Jireenya Olaanaafi Ta'iiwwan Ijoo
Precambrian4500−6004500 - 600Lafti jabaatte, dhagoonni hunda caalaa durii uumaman, basement complex fi shields uumaman
Paleozoic600−250600 - 250Jireenya durii, trilobites, bara qurxummii, dhuma irratti Pangaea supercontinent uumame
Mesozoic250−70250 - 70Bara dinosaurs, hoosiftoota fi simbirroota jalqabaa, Pangaea gara Laurasia fi Gondwanalandtti qoodame
Cenozoic70−070 - 0Bara mammals fi ilma namaa ammayyaa, orogenic folding, ardileen bakkawwan amma qabatan argatan

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Seenaa lafaa zamanaalee gurguddootti qooduufi jireenya akkasumas ta'iiwwan yeroo sana mul'atan adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Paanjayiin kan uumame xumura Paaliyoozoyikitti yoo ta'u, kan ciccituu eegale immoo bara Meesoozoyikitti dha.

Grade 11 Geography, fuula 2-27 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

GarbaSadarkaa Bal'inaaBakka Hundarra Gad-fagooGad-fageenya
Pacific Ocean (Garba Paasifiik)1ffaaMariana Trench (Challenger Deep)10924 m10924\text{ m}
Atlantic Ocean (Garba Atlaantiik)2ffaaPuerto Rico Trench8605 m8605\text{ m}
Indian Ocean (Garba Hindii)3ffaaJava Trench (Sunda Trench)7258 m7258\text{ m}
Southern Ocean (Garba Kibbaa)4ffaaSouth Sandwich Trench7235 m7235\text{ m}
Arctic Ocean (Garba Arkitiik)5ffaaNansen Basin (Central Basin)4665 m4665\text{ m}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Garboota shanan bal'ina isaaniitiin walbira qabuufi bakkeewwan isaanii hundarra gad-fagoo ta'an adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Garbi Kibbaa kan murtaa'e Garba Paasifiik, Atilaantiik fi Hindii irraa yoo ta'u, sadarkaa 4ffaa qaba malee isa xiqqa miti.

Grade 11 Geography, fuula 2-27 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

QajeeltooSeera Bu'uuraa
Original HorizontalitySedimentary layers jalqaba irratti sababa gravity tiin akkaataa horizontal ta'een kuufamu.
SuperpositionRock layers hin jeeqamne keessatti, kutan gubbaa jiru isa jala jiru caalaa younger dha.
Cross-cutting RelationshipsRock layer yookaan igneous intrusion kan biraa qaxxaamuree darbu isa qaxxaamure caalaa younger dha.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Tartiiba uumama qajjisa dhagaa dhangala'aa fi dhangala'aa keessoo beekuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Qajeeltoon walirra taa'uu kan hojjetu qajjisni dhagaa yoo hin jeeqamin qofa. Qajjisni dacha'e ykn garagalagale seera kana hin hordofu.

Grade 11 Geography, fuula 2-27 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 1

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

According to the textbook, about how many billion years ago was the Earth formed from gas and dust particles around the Sun?

  1. A.2.5 billion years ago
  2. B.3.5 billion years ago
  3. C.4.5 billion years ago
  4. D.10.0 billion years ago
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 4.5 billion years ago

Sababa

The Earth was formed from a mixture of gas and dust particles moving in space around the Sun about 4.5 billion years ago.

Gaaffii 2

Which geological principle states that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the overlying bed is younger than the underlying rock?

  1. A.Principle of original horizontality
  2. B.Principle of superposition
  3. C.Principle of cross-cutting relationships
  4. D.Principle of radioactive decay
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Principle of superposition

Sababa

The principle of superposition asserts that in undisturbed rock layers, older rocks lie at the bottom and younger rocks lie on top.

Gaaffii 3

Which continent is the only one in the world crossed by the equator, the Tropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of Capricorn?

  1. A.Asia
  2. B.South America
  3. C.Africa
  4. D.Australia
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Africa

Sababa

Africa is the second largest continent and the only continent crossed by all three lines: the equator, the Tropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of Capricorn.

Gaaffii 4

Which ocean contains the Challenger Deep inside the Mariana Trench, which is the deepest point in the world?

  1. A.Atlantic Ocean
  2. B.Indian Ocean
  3. C.Pacific Ocean
  4. D.Arctic Ocean
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Pacific Ocean

Sababa

The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean and contains the Challenger Deep within the Mariana Trench at a depth of about 10,924 meters.

Gaaffii 5

During radioactive decay, what percentage of the original parent isotope remains after two half-lives have passed?

  1. A.50%
  2. B.25%
  3. C.12.5%
  4. D.75%
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 25%

Sababa

After one half-life, 50% of the parent isotope remains. After two half-lives, the remaining parent amount is halved again to 25%.

Gaaffii 6

What is the ratio of land to ocean in the Northern Hemisphere compared to the Southern Hemisphere?

  1. A.1:1.5 in the Northern Hemisphere and 1:4 in the Southern Hemisphere
  2. B.1:4 in the Northern Hemisphere and 1:1.5 in the Southern Hemisphere
  3. C.1:2 in the Northern Hemisphere and 1:3 in the Southern Hemisphere
  4. D.1:1 in the Northern Hemisphere and 1:5 in the Southern Hemisphere
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 1:1.5 in the Northern Hemisphere and 1:4 in the Southern Hemisphere

Sababa

The ratio of land to ocean is about 1:1.5 in the Northern Hemisphere and 1:4 in the Southern Hemisphere.

Gaaffii 7

According to the textbook, at about what time did the supercontinent Pangaea divide into Gondwanaland and Laurasia?

  1. A.At about 750 Ma
  2. B.At about 390 Ma
  3. C.At about 160 Ma
  4. D.At about 65 Ma
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C At about 160 Ma

Sababa

At about 160 Ma, Pangaea divided into two large landmasses called Gondwanaland and Laurasia through continental drift.

Gaaffii 8

What does the principle of cross-cutting relationships state about rock layers?

  1. A.Sediments are always deposited horizontally under gravity.
  2. B.A rock layer that cross-cuts another rock layer is younger than the rock it cuts.
  3. C.The bottom layer of sedimentary rock is always the oldest.
  4. D.Unstable parent isotopes decay into stable daughter isotopes at a constant rate.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B A rock layer that cross-cuts another rock layer is younger than the rock it cuts.

Sababa

The principle of cross-cutting relationships states that any feature or intrusion that cuts across another rock layer must be younger than the rock it cuts.

Gaaffii 9

In the geological timescale, which period of the Paleozoic era was rich in fish species and is often called the age of fish?

  1. A.Cambrian
  2. B.Silurian
  3. C.Devonian
  4. D.Permian
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Devonian

Sababa

The Devonian period, the fourth period of the Paleozoic era, was rich in fish species and is referred to as the age of fish.

Gaaffii 10

Which radioactive parent isotope converts into Argon-40 (40Ar) with a half-life of 1.25 billion years?

  1. A.Potassium-40 (<sup>40</sup>K)
  2. B.Rubidium-87 (<sup>87</sup>Rb)
  3. C.Uranium-235 (<sup>235</sup>U)
  4. D.Carbon-14 (<sup>14</sup>C)
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Potassium-40 (<sup>40</sup>K)

Sababa

Potassium-40 (40K) decays into Argon-40 (40Ar) with a half-life of 1.25 billion years.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 1

Boqonnaan 1 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 1 hanga fuula 26 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 254

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Jiyoograafii kutaa 11 hunda

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