Boqonnaa 3 Jiyoograafii kutaa 11: Qabeenya Uumamaa fi Rakkoolee Qabeenyaa irratti Uumaman

Sunlight, wind, and atmospheric oxygen are inexhaustible renewable resources that exist as flow resources, whereas coal, petroleum, and minerals are non-renewable.

Shelterbelts refer to the planting of trees along a line to break the speed of blowing wind and decrease its erosive power.

The Danube river flows through 19 nations, which is the largest number of riparian countries for any river listed in the text.

The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) was signed on 22 February 1999 in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.

The textbook states that nearly 33% of the world's arable land and soils have been destroyed by soil erosion.

About 13 million hectares of forested lands have been annually converted into other land uses at the global level.

Egypt has an annual per capita water use of about 830 cubic meters per person per year, compared to 1,666 for Ethiopia and 1,981 for Sudan.

Physical soil degradation includes crusting, compaction, and depth reduction. Salinization and acidification are chemical forms, while loss of biota is biological.

Around 80% of the total area of 44 countries lies within international basins (20 in Africa, 13 in Europe, 7 in Asia, and 4 in Latin America).

The Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA) was created by Lesotho and South Africa in 1986 to transfer water from the Orange River to industrial regions in South Africa.