Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 14 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Qonna kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Ulfaatina biyyee gogaa qabiyyee murtaa'aa keessatti argamu shallaguuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Qabiyyeen waliigalaa qoricca biyyee fi bakka duwwaa isaan gidduu jiru hunda of keessatti qabata.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 257-267 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Safartuuwwan biyyee amaloota fiizikaalaa fi keemikaalaatti yeroo ramaddan itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Bulk density, consistency, porosity, texture, fi structure amaloota fiizikaalaa yoo ta'an, cation exchange capacity fi pH immoo amaloota keemikaalaati.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 257-267 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Tooftaa Eegumsaa | Gosa Caasaa | Amala Ijoo |
|---|---|---|
| Bench terrace | Physical | Tarkaanfiiwwan qotiisa dalgaa fi kajeellawwan dhaabbatoo qaban |
| Fanya-juu | Physical | Dachee ol tuulame kan contour hordofu ta'ee gara gadiin basin qabu |
| Grass strip | Agronomic | Marga boca ribboonii qabu kan sarara contour hordofee dhaabamu |
| Area enclosure | Agronomic | Hamma uwwisni margaa 50% ta'utti waggaa 2 hanga 3f dheeda dhowwuu |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Diriirfamoota fiizikaalaa fi gochoota qonnaa dhiqama biyyee ittisuuf oolan adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Diriirfama Fanya-juu keessatti biyyeen boolla gadii irraa gara olitti gatama.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 257-267 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Gosa Qoricca Biyyee | Hamma Qoriccaa | Gahee Meetriksii Biyyee |
|---|---|---|
| Sand | Inactive | |
| Silt | Inactive | |
| Clay | Active |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Qoricca biyyee bal'ina isaaniitiin ramaduuf yookiin kutaaleen kam bishaanii fi soorata akka qabatan adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Sand fi silt dandeettii bishaanii fi soorata biyyee qabachuu waan hin qabneef akka qaama socho'aa hin taanetti (inactive) fudhatamu.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 257-267 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Qajeeltoowwan bu'uuraa qonna qusannaa fi eegumsa lubbu-qabeeyyiitiif barbaachisan tarreessuuf yookiin hojiirra oolchuuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Qonni qusannaa qajeeltoowwan sadan hunda barbaada: qotiisa biyyee xiqqeessuu, hambaa midhaanii bulchuu, fi dabareen midhaan facaasuu.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 257-267 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
What agroforestry practice involves growing perennial, usually leguminous trees or shrubs in wide rows with an arable food crop planted in between?
Deebii: A Alley cropping
Sababa
Alley cropping (also known as hedgerow intercropping) is the practice of planting annual crops in the spaces or alleys between rows of perennial trees or shrubs.
Gaaffii 2
What is another common name for boundary planting in agroforestry?
Deebii: B Living fences
Sababa
Boundary planting is often referred to as living fences or barrier planting because it involves planting trees along property lines, fields, or road edges.
Gaaffii 3
An agroforestry system that combines tree growing with livestock production on pasture is called a:
Deebii: A Silvopastoral system
Sababa
Silvopastoral systems combine tree growing with the production of livestock on pasture land.
Gaaffii 4
Which agroforestry system is defined as a combination of crops and trees, such as alley cropping or home gardens?
Deebii: B Agrisilvicultural system
Sababa
Agrisilvicultural systems are combinations of crops and trees, such as home gardens and alley cropping.
Gaaffii 5
What is the primary purpose of windbreakers and shelterbelts in an agroforestry system?
Deebii: B To control wind erosion and lessen evaporation and transpiration
Sababa
The main purpose of windbreakers and shelterbelts is to control wind erosion. When wind speed is reduced, evaporation and transpiration are also lessened.
Gaaffii 6
In tree management, why is the crown of a tree cut at least 2 m above the ground during pollarding?
Deebii: B To put new resprouting shoots beyond the reach of cattle
Sababa
Pollarding cuts the crown at least 2 meters above ground level so that new resprouting shoots are out of reach of browsing livestock.
Gaaffii 7
Which aboveground tree management practice involves cutting the tree down to the stump and allowing it to re-grow to maximize biomass production?
Deebii: A Coppicing
Sababa
Coppicing is the practice of cutting a tree down to its stump and allowing it to re-grow in order to maximize biomass production.
Gaaffii 8
How is tree root pruning usually carried out to reduce belowground competition between trees and crops?
Deebii: C By way of trenching
Sababa
Root pruning is usually performed by trenching, which separates the root systems of trees and crops to reduce competition for water and nutrients.
Gaaffii 9
Which tree species is specifically highlighted in the textbook as being cultivated for fuel wood and charcoal production?
Deebii: A <em>Acacia mearnsii</em>
Sababa
The textbook specifically lists Acacia mearnsii as an example of a fuel wood tree used for fuel wood and charcoal.
Gaaffii 10
What is a defining characteristic of an Agro-Silvo-pastoral system?
Deebii: B It is a three-way mixture combining crops, trees, and animals
Sababa
An Agro-Silvo-pastoral system involves a three-way mixture combining crops, trees, and livestock, and can be sustainable even in harsh environments.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 24 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 14 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 251 hanga fuula 263 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 302
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
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