Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 13 Qonna kutaa 12: Buʼuuraalee Sirna fi Hojimaata Agro-Forestry

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 13 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

Google Play irraa buufadhaa
3
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 13
235–250
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 13

Boqonnaan 13 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Definition of agro-forestry, agro forestry
  2. 2.Significance of agro forestry
  3. 3.Classification of agro forestry systems
  4. 4.Agro forestry species, their establishment

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 13

Kaardiiwwan fuula Qonna kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Madaqsuu qonna daggalaa fi qaamolee qonna naannoo manaa adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Qonni daggalaa itti yaadamee mukkeen dhaabbataa midhaan yookaan beeylada wajjin lafa tokko irratti qindeessuu barbaada.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 226-242 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

GojchaGochaKaayyoo Guddaa
PruningDameewwan du'an yookiin garmalee guddatan kutee balleessuuDorgommii ifaa fi hundee hir'isuu
ThinningMukoota guutuu filatanii kutee balleessuuMukoota hafaniif ifaa fi bakka fooyyessuu
PollardingGubbaa mukichaa yoo xiqqaate olka'iinsa 2 m irratti muruuDameewwan haaraa loon hin qaqqabne akka deebi'anii biqilan gochuu
LoppingDameewwan xixiqqoo baala qaban yookiin jirma qalloo muruuNyaata beeyladaa fi qoraan yeroo sassaabbachuu
CoppicingMukicha hamma gufuu isaatti gadi muruuBiomass hundee irraa deebi'ee biqilu guddisuu
Root PruningBoolla qotanii hidda mukaa cinaachaa kukkutuuDorgommii qabeenya lafa jalaa hir'isuu

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Morkii mukkeenii fi midhaan gidduu jiru to'achuuf tooftaalee itti fayyadaman adda baasuuf kanatti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Pollarding olka'iinsa meetira 2 olitti murama, coppicing garuu hundee mukichaa irraa murama.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 243-256 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Tooftaalee murtii mukaa olka'iinsa isaanii irratti hundaa'uun adda baasuuf kanatti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Pollarding biqilli haaraan akka beelladaan hin nyaatamneef meetira 2 olitti murama. Lafootti dhiheessanii muruun garuu coppicing jedhama.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 243-256 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 13

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

According to the textbook, what is a home garden in agro-forestry?

  1. A.An integrated system of trees, crops, and livestock within house compounds managed by family labor
  2. B.A commercial monoculture plantation located far from family houses
  3. C.A system of growing only cereal crops on communal grazing lands
  4. D.An open forest where wild bees produce honey without human care
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A An integrated system of trees, crops, and livestock within house compounds managed by family labor

Sababa

A home garden is an integrated system combining multipurpose trees and shrubs with annual and perennial crops and livestock within individual house compounds, managed by family labor.

Gaaffii 2

In nursery bed preparation, why can the length of a seedbed be changed while the width must remain around 1 meter?

  1. A.Plastic pots only fit on beds that are 1 meter wide
  2. B.Increasing the width creates problems in weeding and hoeing
  3. C.Seedlings cannot absorb water if the bed is wider than 1 meter
  4. D.Beds wider than 1 meter block all road access
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Increasing the width creates problems in weeding and hoeing

Sababa

The width of a nursery bed cannot be increased beyond about 1 meter because a wider bed makes routine operations like weeding and hoeing difficult to reach.

Gaaffii 3

Based on traditional apiculture knowledge in Ethiopia, what condition is relieved by taking a mixture of honey and coffee?

  1. A.Broken bones
  2. B.Back pain
  3. C.Stomach pain
  4. D.Eye disease
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Stomach pain

Sababa

According to traditional medicine practices documented in the textbook, combining honey with coffee relieves stomach pain.

Gaaffii 4

Why is a square shape considered ideal when planning the layout of a nursery?

  1. A.It prevents all types of insect pests from entering the site
  2. B.It completely eliminates the need for fencing
  3. C.It allows nursery roads to be removed entirely
  4. D.It reduces the distance between seedbeds and the area where seedlings are planted
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D It reduces the distance between seedbeds and the area where seedlings are planted

Sababa

A square shape is ideal because it minimizes boundary lines for fencing and reduces the travel distance between seedbeds/pot beds and planting areas.

Gaaffii 5

What is the general rule of thumb for covering seeds with soil when sowing in containers?

  1. A.Cover seeds with soil equal to three times their thickness
  2. B.Cover seeds with soil equal to ten times their thickness
  3. C.Cover seeds with at least 15 centimeters of garden soil
  4. D.Leave seeds on top of completely dry sand
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Cover seeds with soil equal to three times their thickness

Sababa

The standard guideline for sowing is to cover seeds with a soil layer equal to three times their thickness, unless the seed requires light to germinate.

Gaaffii 6

What does the term etiolation mean in nursery plant production?

  1. A.The natural darkening of leaves in strong sunlight
  2. B.A condition where stems grow spindly and weak due to partial or complete absence of light
  3. C.The adjustment of seedlings to cold weather before planting
  4. D.A bacterial disease that attacks plant roots in waterlogged soil
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B A condition where stems grow spindly and weak due to partial or complete absence of light

Sababa

Etiolation occurs when plants receive insufficient light or too much shade, causing the main stems to grow tall, spindly, and weak.

Gaaffii 7

Which tree bark do Ethiopian beekeepers traditionally use to smoke baiting hives when catching swarms?

  1. A.Leaves of coffee bushes
  2. B.Fresh grass stems of pennisetum
  3. C.Barks of <em>Ekebergia capensis</em> (sombo)
  4. D.Roots of papaya trees
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Barks of <em>Ekebergia capensis</em> (sombo)

Sababa

Traditional beekeepers prepare and smoke baiting hives using the bark of Ekebergia capensis (locally called sombo) to attract scout bees.

Gaaffii 8

At what stage of growth should nursery workers start applying half-strength liquid fertilizer to seedlings?

  1. A.Immediately when seeds are placed in dry soil
  2. B.As soon as the first seed coat appears above the soil
  3. C.Exactly four weeks after transplanting outdoors
  4. D.After seedlings develop their second set of true leaves
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D After seedlings develop their second set of true leaves

Sababa

Seedlings should start receiving a weekly application of half-strength liquid fertilizer after they develop their second set of true leaves.

Gaaffii 9

A farmer tests a traditional beehive by inserting a thin stick and withdrawing it. What does a sweet taste and yellow color on the stick indicate?

  1. A.The honey is mature and beekeepers can start harvesting
  2. B.The colony is actively rearing brood and cannot be harvested
  3. C.The hive is infected with nosematosis
  4. D.The queen bee is preparing to swarm
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A The honey is mature and beekeepers can start harvesting

Sababa

If the stick comes out yellow and tastes sweet, the honey is mature and harvesting can begin. A milky color indicates that the colony is still in the brood-rearing stage.

Gaaffii 10

To sustain site fertility during tree harvesting in a plantation, which practice should be applied?

  1. A.Burning all cut branches immediately on the site
  2. B.Allowing harvested trees to dry on the site before removal so leaves fall and remain
  3. C.Removing all fallen leaves and roots from the plantation site
  4. D.Applying softened water to the soil before felling trees
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Allowing harvested trees to dry on the site before removal so leaves fall and remain

Sababa

Allowing harvested trees to dry on-site lets leaves dry, fall off, and return essential nutrients to the soil, minimizing overall fertility loss.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 23 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 13

Boqonnaan 13 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 235 hanga fuula 250 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 302

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Qonna kutaa 12 hunda

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