Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 3 Teeknooloojii Odeeffannoo kutaa 12: Database Management System

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 3 kitaaba Teeknooloojii Odeeffannoo kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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4
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 3
60–99
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 3

Boqonnaan 3 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Overview of Relational Database Management System
  2. 2.Database Manipulation Using SQL
  3. 3.Using SQL in Microsoft Access
  4. 4.Data Definition Language (DDL)
  5. 5.Data Manipulation Language
  6. 6.Data Query Language: SELECT Command

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 3

Kaardiiwwan fuula Teeknooloojii Odeeffannoo kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Galmeewwan jiran fooyyessuuf yookiin galmee murtaa'aa gabatee keessaa haquuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

WHERE utuu hin fayyadamin UPDATE yookiin DELETE raawwachuun galmeewwan gabatee keessa jiran hunda guutummaatti jijjiira yookiin haqa.

Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, fuula 60-99 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

KutaaAjajootaKaayyoo
DDLCREATE, ALTER, DROPCaasaalee database fi table define fi modify godha (ni ibsa akkasumas ni fooyyessa).
DMLINSERT, UPDATE, DELETERecord-oota table keessatti kuufaman manipulate fi manage godha (ni qindeessa akkasumas ni bulcha).
DQLSELECTTable-wwan keessaa data record-oota query fi retrieve godha (ni barbaada akkasumas ni fida).

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Hojii fi ramaddii ajajoota Structured Query Language adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Ajajoota DDL caasaa gabatee jijjiiran fi ajajoota DML qabiyyee galmee jijjiiran walitti hin makin.

Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, fuula 60-99 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

ClauseHojiiBarbaachisummaa
SELECTfields retrieve ta'an tarreessaEeyyee
FROMsource tables tarreessaEeyyee
WHEREUlaagaa ibsame irratti hundaa'uun records filter godhaFilannoo
ORDER BYBu'aawwan tartiiba ascending (ASC) yookiin descending (DESC) tiin sort godhaFilannoo

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Gabatee tokko yookiin isaa ol irraa daataa filachuuf, calaluuf, fi tartiibessuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

ORDER BY keessatti tartiibni duraa guddachaa deemu (ASC) dha. Maqaan dirree SELECT keessatti barreeffamu gabatee wajjin tokko ta'uu qaba.

Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, fuula 60-99 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo ajajoota CREATE TABLE yookiin ALTER TABLE fayyadamuun gabateewwan lama walqabsiistan itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Foreign key gabatee keessatti argamu primary key gabatee isa biroo wajjin data type walfakkaataa qabaachuu qaba. Galmee galchuun dura hariiroo uumaa.

Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, fuula 60-99 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 3

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

In a relational database, what does a single row in a table represent?

  1. A.An attribute
  2. B.A record or tuple
  3. C.A data type
  4. D.A database schema
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B A record or tuple

Sababa

In a relational database, each column represents an attribute or field, while each row represents a record (also called a tuple).

Gaaffii 2

Which category of SQL commands is used to create, modify, or delete the structure of tables in a database?

  1. A.Data Manipulation Language (DML)
  2. B.Data Definition Language (DDL)
  3. C.Data Query Language (DQL)
  4. D.Data Control Language (DCL)
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Data Definition Language (DDL)

Sababa

Data Definition Language (DDL) contains commands such as CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE that define and alter database structures.

Gaaffii 3

According to the data types used in MS Access, how much storage size does a Yes/No field occupy?

  1. A.1 bit
  2. B.1 byte
  3. C.4 bytes
  4. D.8 bytes
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 1 bit

Sababa

In MS Access, the Yes/No data type holds one of two states (such as Yes/No, True/False, or On/Off) and uses 1 bit of storage.

Gaaffii 4

In an SQL SELECT statement, what does the asterisk symbol (*) signify?

  1. A.Only primary key columns
  2. B.The first row in the table
  3. C.All columns in the table
  4. D.Only columns containing numerical data
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C All columns in the table

Sababa

When the SELECT keyword is followed by an asterisk (*), it instructs the database to return all columns (fields) from the table.

Gaaffii 5

What is the maximum allowable character size for the TEXT data type in MS Access SQL?

  1. A.Up to 255 characters
  2. B.Up to 4,000 characters
  3. C.Up to 63,999 characters
  4. D.Up to 2,147,483,647 characters
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Up to 63,999 characters

Sababa

In MS Access, the CHAR data type stores up to 255 characters, whereas the TEXT data type is used for lengthy text and stores up to 63,999 characters.

Gaaffii 6

A school administrator in Hawassa executes the following SQL command:
UPDATE Teacher SET T_Salary = 15000;
What is the result of running this command?

  1. A.Only the first teacher's salary is changed to 15,000 birr.
  2. B.The salary of all teachers in the table is changed to 15,000 birr.
  3. C.An error occurs because a WHERE clause is mandatory in every UPDATE statement.
  4. D.Only teachers earning less than 15,000 birr have their salary increased.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B The salary of all teachers in the table is changed to 15,000 birr.

Sababa

If the WHERE clause is omitted from an UPDATE statement, the specified modification is applied to every record in the table.

Gaaffii 7

Which SQL clause is used to sort query results, and what is its default sorting order?

  1. A.ORDER BY, descending
  2. B.GROUP BY, ascending
  3. C.ORDER BY, ascending
  4. D.SORT BY, ascending
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C ORDER BY, ascending

Sababa

The ORDER BY clause specifies how to sort results. Ascending order (ASC) is the default sorting order if neither ASC nor DESC is specified.

Gaaffii 8

What is the key difference between the DELETE command and the DROP TABLE command in SQL?

  1. A.DELETE removes the table structure, while DROP TABLE only deletes rows.
  2. B.DELETE removes data records while keeping the table structure, while DROP TABLE deletes the entire table.
  3. C.DELETE is a DDL command, while DROP TABLE is a DML command.
  4. D.DELETE removes only one record at a time, while DROP TABLE removes selected records.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B DELETE removes data records while keeping the table structure, while DROP TABLE deletes the entire table.

Sababa

The DELETE command (DML) removes records from a table without destroying the table structure, whereas DROP TABLE (DDL) removes the table and its structure completely.

Gaaffii 9

Which SQL command correctly modifies an existing table named COURSE to set C_Department as a foreign key that references D_Number in the DEPARTMENT table?

  1. A.ALTER TABLE COURSE ADD FOREIGN KEY (C_Department) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT (D_Number);
  2. B.UPDATE TABLE COURSE ADD FOREIGN KEY C_Department TO DEPARTMENT (D_Number);
  3. C.ALTER TABLE COURSE SET FOREIGN KEY (C_Department) = DEPARTMENT.D_Number;
  4. D.MODIFY TABLE COURSE FOREIGN KEY (C_Department) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT (D_Number);
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A ALTER TABLE COURSE ADD FOREIGN KEY (C_Department) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT (D_Number);

Sababa

To establish a relationship on an existing table using DDL, the syntax is: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD FOREIGN KEY (column_name) REFERENCES parent_table (primary_key_column);.

Gaaffii 10

Consider the following SQL query executed on a SALES table:
SELECT CustomerId, SalesDate FROM SALES WHERE SalesDate BETWEEN '01-01-2020' AND '30-02-2020';
Which records are returned by this query?

  1. A.Only sales made strictly after 01-01-2020 and strictly before 30-02-2020
  2. B.Only sales made exactly on 01-01-2020 or on 30-02-2020
  3. C.All sales from 01-01-2020 to 30-02-2020, inclusive of both endpoint dates
  4. D.All sales outside the dates 01-01-2020 and 30-02-2020
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C All sales from 01-01-2020 to 30-02-2020, inclusive of both endpoint dates

Sababa

The BETWEEN ... AND condition defines a range where both the start point ('01-01-2020') and the end point ('30-02-2020') are included as part of the range.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 3

Boqonnaan 3 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 60 hanga fuula 99 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 210

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Teeknooloojii Odeeffannoo kutaa 12 hunda

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