Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 1 Fiizikii kutaa 12

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 1 kitaaba Fiizikii kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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4
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 1
2–24
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 1

Boqonnaan 1 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Physics and other sciences
  2. 2.Physics and engineering
  3. 3.Medical physics
  4. 4.Physics and defense technology
  5. 5.Physics in communication

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 1

Kaardiiwwan fuula Fiizikii kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

b∝Ld2b \propto \frac{L}{d^2}
bb
Ifumsa mul'ataaW m−2W\,m^{-2}
LL
Ifumsa dhugaa yookiin luuminoositiiWW
dd
Fageenya gara qaama astiroonoomiittimm

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Ifa mul'atu kan qaama samii tokkoo ifa isaa isa sirrii fi fageenya isaa waliin walbira qabuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Ifi mul'atu fageenya wajjin qajeeltoo osoo hin taane isquweerii fageenyaatiin faallaan hir'ata.

Grade 12 Physics, fuula 2-24 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gosa MisaayelaaTooftaa DhiibbaaDaandii BalalliiSeera Fiiziksii
Cruise missileBalallii guutuu keessatti Jet-propelled kan ta'ePath to'atameConservation of momentum
Ballistic missilePhase jalqabaa qofa keessatti Rocket-powered kan ta'eArc trajectoryNewtonian mechanics fi gravity

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Garaagarummaa kutaa balallii fi dhiibbaa misaayeloota kuruuzii fi baalistikiiti adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Misaayelonni baalistikiiti balallii isaanii guutuu keessatti osoo hin taane kutaa jalqabaa qofa keessatti humna rookeetiin dhiibamu.

Grade 12 Physics, fuula 2-24 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

R=ct2R = \frac{c t}{2}
RR
Fageenya gara taargeetiittimm
cc
Saffisa ifaam s−1m\,s^{-1}
tt
Yeroo imala adeemsaa fi deebiiss

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Fageenya raadaarii fi xiyyeeffannoo gidduu jiru yeroo mallattoon raadiyoo dhaqee deebi'uuf fudhate irraa shallaguuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Yeroo waliigalaa lamaan hiruun hin dagatin. Yeroon safarame adeemsa deddeebii gara wantichaatti dhaqee deebi'uudha.

Grade 12 Physics, fuula 2-24 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

JechaBifa SuuraaAmala CalaqqeeKutaa Qaamaa
AnechoicGurraachaSagaleen hin calaqqifamuNaannoolee dhangala'aan guutaman
HypoechoicGiraayii dukkanaa'aaCalaqqisa sagalee muraasaTishuuwwan qaamaa lallaafoo
HyperechoicGiraayii ifaaCalaqqisa sagalee baay'eeCaasaalee rukkina qaban

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Bifa halluu garaagaraa suuraa altraasaawundii yaalaa irratti mul'atan adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Kutaaleen Anechoic gurraacha ta'anii kan mul'atan dhangala'oon calaqqee sagalee waan hin deebifneefi malee sagaleen waan dhoorkameef miti.

Grade 12 Physics, fuula 2-24 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 1

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What is the branch of physics that applies physical principles to medical diagnosing and treating abnormal tissues?

  1. A.Astrophysics
  2. B.Medical physics
  3. C.Geophysics
  4. D.Optical physics
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Medical physics

Sababa

Medical physics is the branch of physics that deals with the application of physics principles to medical diagnosis and the treatment of abnormal tissues.

Gaaffii 2

What is the full form of the acronym RADAR?

  1. A.Radiation Detection and Absorption Range
  2. B.Radio Divergence and Reflection
  3. C.RAdio Detection And Ranging
  4. D.Ray Direction and Radiation
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C RAdio Detection And Ranging

Sababa

The word RADAR comes from the phrase RAdio Detection And Ranging.

Gaaffii 3

Which wavelength range corresponds to visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum?

  1. A.About 100 nm to 300 nm
  2. B.About 400 nm to 700 nm
  3. C.About 750 nm to 1000 nm
  4. D.About 1 mm to 10 mm
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B About 400 nm to 700 nm

Sababa

The textbook states that light is electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength region between about 400 nm and 700 nm.

Gaaffii 4

According to Newtonian mechanics, when is a standing person in stable equilibrium under gravity?

  1. A.When the center of mass is directly over the base of support
  2. B.When the center of mass is outside the base of support
  3. C.When the base of support is as narrow as possible
  4. D.When the center of gravity is raised as high as possible
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A When the center of mass is directly over the base of support

Sababa

A body is in stable equilibrium under gravity if its center of mass is directly over its base of support. Under this condition, the reaction force cancels the gravitational force and its torque.

Gaaffii 5

A radar station in Addis Ababa emits a signal toward an approaching aircraft. The reflected echo returns to the station after 4.0 × 10-5 s. If the speed of light is c = 3.0 × 108 m/s, what is the range of the aircraft?

  1. A.3.0 km
  2. B.6.0 km
  3. C.12.0 km
  4. D.24.0 km
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 6.0 km

Sababa

Using the radar formula R = (c * t) / 2, we get R = (3.0 × 108 m/s * 4.0 × 10-5 s) / 2 = 12000 / 2 = 6000 m = 6.0 km.

Gaaffii 6

How does a cruise missile differ fundamentally from a ballistic missile in terms of propulsion?

  1. A.Cruise missiles are jet-propelled throughout their flight, while ballistic missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase.
  2. B.Cruise missiles carry their own oxygen, while ballistic missiles obtain oxygen from the air throughout flight.
  3. C.Cruise missiles move purely under gravity along an arc trajectory, while ballistic missiles use continuous thrust.
  4. D.Cruise missiles use nuclear propulsion, while ballistic missiles use chemical propulsion throughout flight.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Cruise missiles are jet-propelled throughout their flight, while ballistic missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase.

Sababa

Cruise missiles are jet-propelled throughout their flights, whereas ballistic missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial flight phase and then follow an arc trajectory under gravity and air resistance.

Gaaffii 7

In medical ultrasound imaging, why does a fluid-filled region appear black (anechoic)?

  1. A.It reflects all sound waves back to the detector.
  2. B.It does not send back any sound waves (echoes).
  3. C.It blocks all X-ray radiation due to high density.
  4. D.It absorbs magnetic pulses and emits green light.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B It does not send back any sound waves (echoes).

Sababa

Anechoic areas appear black on ultrasound because they do not send back any sound waves (echoless regions), which is typical of fluid-filled regions.

Gaaffii 8

Which physical principle do soft-bodied animals such as earthworms and sea anemones utilize to generate body motion without a firm skeleton?

  1. A.Bernoulli's principle
  2. B.Pascal's principle
  3. C.Archimedes' principle
  4. D.Coulomb's law
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Pascal's principle

Sababa

The textbook states that soft-bodied animals that lack a firm skeleton (such as sea anemones and earthworms) utilize Pascal's principle to produce body motion.

Gaaffii 9

How does Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) generate signals from hydrogen protons in body tissue?

  1. A.It bombards protons with high-energy gamma rays from cobalt-60.
  2. B.It disturbs the parallel alignment of protons in a magnetic field using a current pulse, then measures the energy released when the pulse stops.
  3. C.It reflects high-frequency mechanical sound waves off the protons.
  4. D.It blocks rotating X-ray beams using dense calcium deposits.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B It disturbs the parallel alignment of protons in a magnetic field using a current pulse, then measures the energy released when the pulse stops.

Sababa

In an MRI scanner, protons align with a constant magnetic field. A current pulse disturbs this alignment; when the pulse turns off, the protons return to their parallel arrangement and release energy that is detected as an electrical signal.

Gaaffii 10

At Entoto Space Observatory, an astronomer compares two identical stars with the same true brightness (luminosity). Star B appears 16 times fainter in apparent brightness than Star A. What is the ratio of the distance of Star B to Star A?

  1. A.2
  2. B.4
  3. C.8
  4. D.16
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 4

Sababa

According to the inverse square law, apparent brightness ∝ 1 / (distance)2. If Star B is 16 times fainter, its distance must be √16 = 4 times greater than that of Star A.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 1

Boqonnaan 1 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 2 hanga fuula 24 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 186

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Fiizikii kutaa 12 hunda

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