የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ12ኛ ክፍል ፊዚክስ ምዕራፍ 1

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ12ኛ ክፍል የፊዚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 1 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

4
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 1 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 2–24
የምዕራፍ 1 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 1 የሚሸፍነው

1.Physics and other sciences
2.Physics and engineering
3.Medical physics
4.Physics and defense technology
5.Physics in communication

የምዕራፍ 1 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ12ኛ ክፍል የፊዚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

የግልጽ ብሩህነት የተገልባጭ ስኩዌር ህግቀመር

b \propto \frac{L}{d^2}

b \propto \frac{L}{d^2}

$b$: የሚታይ ብሩህነት $W\,m^{-2}$
$L$: እውነተኛ ብሩህነት ወይም ሉሚኖሲቲ $W$
$d$: እስከ ሥነ ፈለክ አካል ያለው ርቀት $m$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የአንድን የሰማይ አካል ግልጽ ብሩህነት ከትክክለኛ ብሩህነቱ እና ከርቀቱ ጋር ለማዛመድ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ግልጽ ብሩህነት የሚቀንሰው በርቀት ስኩዌር ተገልባጭ እንጂ በርቀት ቀጥተኛ ተመን አይደለም።

ከGrade 12 Physics፣ ገጽ 2-24 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የክሩዝ እና ባሊስቲክ ሚሳኤል ንጽጽርየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥCruise missile · Ballistic missile

የሚሳኤል አይነት	የግፊት ዘዴ	የበረራ አቅጣጫ	ገዢው የፊዚክስ ህግ
Cruise missile	በበረራው በሙሉ Jet-propelled የሆነ	ቁጥጥር የሚደረግበት path	Conservation of momentum
Ballistic missile	በመጀመሪያው phase ብቻ Rocket-powered የሆነ	Arc trajectory	Newtonian mechanics እና gravity

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በክሩዝ እና ባሊስቲክ ሚሳኤሎች የበረራ ምዕራፍ እና የግፊት አይነት መካከል ያለውን ልዩነት ለማነጻጸር ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ባሊስቲክ ሚሳኤሎች በሙሉ የበረራ ጉዟቸው ሳይሆን በመነሻ ምዕራፍ ላይ ብቻ በሮኬት ይገፋሉ።

ከGrade 12 Physics፣ ገጽ 2-24 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የራዳር ርቀት ቀመርቀመር

R = \frac{c t}{2}

R = \frac{c t}{2}

$R$: እስከ ዒላማው ያለው ርቀት $m$
$c$: የብርሃን ፍጥነት $m\,s^{-1}$
$t$: የመሄድና የመመለስ ጉዞ ጊዜ $s$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ራዳር የላከው የሬዲዮ ሞገድ ዒላማውን መትቶ እስኪመለስ የወሰደውን ጊዜ ተጠቅመው ርቀቱን ለማስላት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የተሰጠውን ጊዜ ለ 2 ማካፈል እንዳይረሱ። የሚለካው ጊዜ t የምልክቱ የደርሶ መልስ ጊዜ ነው።

ከGrade 12 Physics፣ ገጽ 2-24 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የአልትራሳውንድ ምስል ክፍሎችየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥAnechoic · Hypoechoic · Hyperechoic

መጠሪያ	የምስል መልክ	የድምፅ ነጸብራቅ	የሰውነት ክፍል
Anechoic	ጥቁር	ምንም ድምፅ አይንጸባረቅም	ፈሳሽ የተሞሉ የሰውነት ክፍሎች
Hypoechoic	ደማቅ ግራጫ	አነስተኛ የድምፅ ነጸብራቆች	ለስላሳ የሰውነት ቲሹዎች
Hyperechoic	ፈካ ያለ ግራጫ	በርካታ የድምፅ ነጸብራቆች	ጥቅጥቅ ያሉ መዋቅሮች

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በህክምና አልትራሳውንድ ማሳያ ላይ የሚታዩትን የተለያዩ የጥላ ቀለማት ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

አኔኮይክ (anechoic) ቦታዎች ጥቁር የሚታዩት ፈሳሾች ድምፅ ስለማያንጸባርቁ እንጂ ድምፁ ስለታገደ አይደለም።

ከGrade 12 Physics፣ ገጽ 2-24 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 1 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

What is the branch of physics that applies physical principles to medical diagnosing and treating abnormal tissues?

A.Astrophysics
B.Medical physics
C.Geophysics
D.Optical physics

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Medical physics

ምክንያቱ

Medical physics is the branch of physics that deals with the application of physics principles to medical diagnosis and the treatment of abnormal tissues.

ጥያቄ 2

What is the full form of the acronym RADAR?

A.Radiation Detection and Absorption Range
B.Radio Divergence and Reflection
C.RAdio Detection And Ranging
D.Ray Direction and Radiation

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C RAdio Detection And Ranging

ምክንያቱ

The word RADAR comes from the phrase RAdio Detection And Ranging.

ጥያቄ 3

Which wavelength range corresponds to visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A.About 100 nm to 300 nm
B.About 400 nm to 700 nm
C.About 750 nm to 1000 nm
D.About 1 mm to 10 mm

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B About 400 nm to 700 nm

ምክንያቱ

The textbook states that light is electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength region between about 400 nm and 700 nm.

ጥያቄ 4

According to Newtonian mechanics, when is a standing person in stable equilibrium under gravity?

A.When the center of mass is directly over the base of support
B.When the center of mass is outside the base of support
C.When the base of support is as narrow as possible
D.When the center of gravity is raised as high as possible

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A When the center of mass is directly over the base of support

ምክንያቱ

A body is in stable equilibrium under gravity if its center of mass is directly over its base of support. Under this condition, the reaction force cancels the gravitational force and its torque.

ጥያቄ 5

A radar station in Addis Ababa emits a signal toward an approaching aircraft. The reflected echo returns to the station after 4.0 × 10^-5 s. If the speed of light is c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, what is the range of the aircraft?

A.3.0 km
B.6.0 km
C.12.0 km
D.24.0 km

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 6.0 km

ምክንያቱ

Using the radar formula R = (c * t) / 2, we get R = (3.0 × 10⁸ m/s * 4.0 × 10^-5 s) / 2 = 12000 / 2 = 6000 m = 6.0 km.

ጥያቄ 6

How does a cruise missile differ fundamentally from a ballistic missile in terms of propulsion?

A.Cruise missiles are jet-propelled throughout their flight, while ballistic missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase.
B.Cruise missiles carry their own oxygen, while ballistic missiles obtain oxygen from the air throughout flight.
C.Cruise missiles move purely under gravity along an arc trajectory, while ballistic missiles use continuous thrust.
D.Cruise missiles use nuclear propulsion, while ballistic missiles use chemical propulsion throughout flight.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Cruise missiles are jet-propelled throughout their flight, while ballistic missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase.

ምክንያቱ

Cruise missiles are jet-propelled throughout their flights, whereas ballistic missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial flight phase and then follow an arc trajectory under gravity and air resistance.

ጥያቄ 7

In medical ultrasound imaging, why does a fluid-filled region appear black (anechoic)?

A.It reflects all sound waves back to the detector.
B.It does not send back any sound waves (echoes).
C.It blocks all X-ray radiation due to high density.
D.It absorbs magnetic pulses and emits green light.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B It does not send back any sound waves (echoes).

ምክንያቱ

Anechoic areas appear black on ultrasound because they do not send back any sound waves (echoless regions), which is typical of fluid-filled regions.

ጥያቄ 8

Which physical principle do soft-bodied animals such as earthworms and sea anemones utilize to generate body motion without a firm skeleton?

A.Bernoulli's principle
B.Pascal's principle
C.Archimedes' principle
D.Coulomb's law

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Pascal's principle

ምክንያቱ

The textbook states that soft-bodied animals that lack a firm skeleton (such as sea anemones and earthworms) utilize Pascal's principle to produce body motion.

ጥያቄ 9

How does Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) generate signals from hydrogen protons in body tissue?

A.It bombards protons with high-energy gamma rays from cobalt-60.
B.It disturbs the parallel alignment of protons in a magnetic field using a current pulse, then measures the energy released when the pulse stops.
C.It reflects high-frequency mechanical sound waves off the protons.
D.It blocks rotating X-ray beams using dense calcium deposits.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B It disturbs the parallel alignment of protons in a magnetic field using a current pulse, then measures the energy released when the pulse stops.

ምክንያቱ

In an MRI scanner, protons align with a constant magnetic field. A current pulse disturbs this alignment; when the pulse turns off, the protons return to their parallel arrangement and release energy that is detected as an electrical signal.

ጥያቄ 10

At Entoto Space Observatory, an astronomer compares two identical stars with the same true brightness (luminosity). Star B appears 16 times fainter in apparent brightness than Star A. What is the ratio of the distance of Star B to Star A?

A.2
B.4
C.8
D.16

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 4

ምክንያቱ

According to the inverse square law, apparent brightness ∝ 1 / (distance)². If Star B is 16 times fainter, its distance must be √16 = 4 times greater than that of Star A.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 1 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 1 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 2 እስከ ገጽ 24 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 186 ገጾች

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ሁሉም የ12ኛ ክፍል ፊዚክስ አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

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