Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 1 Baayoloojii kutaa 9: Seensa Baayoloojii

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 1 kitaaba Baayoloojii kutaa 9 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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4
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 1
1–18
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 1

Boqonnaan 1 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Definition of Biology
  2. 2.Why do we study Biology?
  3. 3.The scientific method
  4. 4.Tools of a Biologist method
  5. 5.Laboratory tools
  6. 6.Field tools
  7. 7.Handling and using of light Microscope
  8. 8.Parts and function of light microscope
  9. 9.Handling and using microscope
  10. 10.General Laboratory Safety Rules

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 1

Kaardiiwwan fuula Baayoloojii kutaa 9 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

MeeshaaHojii Ijoo
AutoclaveSteam fayyadamuun meeshaalee sterilize godha akkasumas bacterial spores ajjeesa
IncubatorMicrobial growth tiif optimal temperature eega
Petri dishSolid culture media kan akka agar qabata
Slide and cover slipSpecimen deeggara akkasumas yeroo ilaalamu akka hin gogne ittisa
Dissecting kitMeeshaalee internal organs kutuufi qorachuuf barbaachisan qabata
TongsCrucibles, beakers fi glassware ho'an ol kaasa

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Meeshaalee laabiraatoorii baayoloojii fi hojii isaanii walitti firoomsuuf gabatee kana fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Autoclave kan baakteeriyaa ajjeesuuf gargaaru fi incubator kan hoaa guddinaaf kennu walitti hin makiin.

Grade 9 Biology, fuula 1-18 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Tartiiba qorannoo saayinsii qindeessuuf kana fayyadami: Hubannoo, Gaaffii, Yaada dhimmaa (hypothesis), Yaalii, Murtoo, fi Bu'aa beeksisuu.

Of eeggadhu

Yaanni dhimmaa (hypothesis) yaalii dura dhiyaachuu qaba, akkasumas yaaliin qoratamuu kan danda'u ta'uu qaba.

Grade 9 Biology, fuula 1-18 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Mtotal=Meyepiece×MobjectiveM_{\text{total}} = M_{\text{eyepiece}} \times M_{\text{objective}}
MtotalM_{\text{total}}
Guddisa waliigalaa11
MeyepieceM_{\text{eyepiece}}
Guddisa lakkisa ijaa11
MobjectiveM_{\text{objective}}
Guddisa lakkisa wantaa11

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Humna lakkisa ijaa fi lakkisa wantaa fayyadamuun guddisa waliigalaa shallaguuf foormulaa kana fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Guddisni waliigalaa baayata humna lakkisoota lamaaniiti malee idaama miti.

Grade 9 Biology, fuula 1-18 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Qajeelfama maayikrooskooppiin fakkii itti qulqulleessan ibsuuf seera kana fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Lakkisa humna guddaa qabu jalatti coarse adjustment gonkumaa hin fayyadamin. Inni fuullee fi lakkisicha cabsuu danda'a.

Grade 9 Biology, fuula 1-18 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 1

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

The word Biology is derived from two Greek words: bios and logos. What does the word bios mean?

  1. A.Life
  2. B.Study
  3. C.Earth
  4. D.Science
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Life

Sababa

The textbook states that Biology comes from two Greek words: bios meaning life, and logos meaning study.

Gaaffii 2

In the scientific method, what is a hypothesis?

  1. A.A final conclusion accepted by all scientists
  2. B.A proposed scientific explanation that is testable
  3. C.A tool used to magnify small microorganisms
  4. D.A published paper in a scientific journal
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B A proposed scientific explanation that is testable

Sababa

A hypothesis is a proposed scientific explanation (possible answer) for a question or set of questions, and it must be testable through experimentation.

Gaaffii 3

If a student uses a compound light microscope with a 10x eyepiece lens and a 40x objective lens, what is the total magnification?

  1. A.30x
  2. B.50x
  3. C.400x
  4. D.4000x
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 400x

Sababa

The total magnification of a compound light microscope is calculated by multiplying the eyepiece magnification by the objective lens magnification (10 multiplied by 40 equals 400x).

Gaaffii 4

What should you immediately do if a laboratory chemical splashes onto your skin and causes a burn?

  1. A.Apply cooking oil over the burn
  2. B.Cover the burn tightly with a dry cloth
  3. C.Flood the burned area with cold tap water for several minutes
  4. D.Wait until the end of the laboratory class to report it
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Flood the burned area with cold tap water for several minutes

Sababa

Laboratory safety rules state that if someone is burned or exposed to a chemical, they must immediately flood the affected area with cold tap water for several minutes to minimize damage.

Gaaffii 5

Which piece of equipment is used to kill microorganisms and their resistant spores by using high temperatures and highly pressurized steam?

  1. A.Incubator
  2. B.Autoclave
  3. C.Hotplate
  4. D.Petri dish
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Autoclave

Sababa

An autoclave is used to sterilize biological samples and equipment by exposing them to high temperatures and highly pressurized steam, which kills both microorganisms and their spores.

Gaaffii 6

Antibiotics such as penicillin are produced by which of the following organisms?

  1. A.Mould fungi or bacteria
  2. B.Viruses
  3. C.Insects
  4. D.Green algae
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Mould fungi or bacteria

Sababa

The textbook states that antibiotics, such as penicillin, are produced by mould fungi or bacteria.

Gaaffii 7

What is the primary role of the diaphragm (iris) on a light microscope?

  1. A.To hold the microscope slide firmly in place
  2. B.To control the amount and size of the light beam reaching the specimen
  3. C.To connect the eyepiece tube to the objective lenses
  4. D.To move the stage quickly for rough focusing
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B To control the amount and size of the light beam reaching the specimen

Sababa

The diaphragm is located under the stage and functions to regulate the light intensity and control the size of the beam of light that reaches the specimen.

Gaaffii 8

How does the coarse adjustment knob differ from the fine adjustment knob on a light microscope?

  1. A.Coarse adjustment brings the image into general focus roughly, while fine adjustment achieves sharpness.
  2. B.Coarse adjustment turns the light on, while fine adjustment changes the objective lenses.
  3. C.Coarse adjustment is used only with 100x lenses, while fine adjustment is used with 4x lenses.
  4. D.Coarse adjustment moves the eyepiece, while fine adjustment holds the slide.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Coarse adjustment brings the image into general focus roughly, while fine adjustment achieves sharpness.

Sababa

The coarse adjustment captures the distance roughly and quickly to bring the specimen into general focus, while the fine adjustment moves the stage minimally to achieve sharpness.

Gaaffii 9

Why are electron microscopes able to view extremely small structures such as viruses that cannot be seen under a light microscope?

  1. A.They use thicker glass slides and wide cover slips.
  2. B.They use a beam of electrons and electromagnets instead of light and glass lenses.
  3. C.They use two light bulbs placed beneath the stage.
  4. D.They use single convex lenses attached to wooden handles.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B They use a beam of electrons and electromagnets instead of light and glass lenses.

Sababa

Electron microscopes provide much higher magnification and resolution because they use a beam of electrons and electromagnets instead of a beam of light and glass lenses.

Gaaffii 10

A laboratory technician in Addis Ababa wants to culture a large population of bacteria using only liquid broth media. Which glassware is designed specifically for this purpose?

  1. A.Petri dish
  2. B.Dissecting pan
  3. C.Flask
  4. D.Crucible
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Flask

Sababa

A flask has a flat bottom and a long narrow neck that allows mixing without spilling. It is essentially a large volume culture tube used only with broth media to produce large populations of microorganisms.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 1

Boqonnaan 1 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 1 hanga fuula 18 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 165

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Baayoloojii kutaa 9 hunda

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