የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ9ኛ ክፍል ባዮሎጂ ምዕራፍ 1፦ የባዮሎጂ መግቢያ

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ9ኛ ክፍል የባዮሎጂ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 1 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

4
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 1 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 1–18
የምዕራፍ 1 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 1 የሚሸፍነው

1.Definition of Biology
2.Why do we study Biology?
3.The scientific method
4.Tools of a Biologist method
5.Laboratory tools
6.Field tools
7.Handling and using of light Microscope
8.Parts and function of light microscope
9.Handling and using microscope
10.General Laboratory Safety Rules

የምዕራፍ 1 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ9ኛ ክፍል የባዮሎጂ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

የተለመዱ የባዮሎጂ ላቦራቶሪ መሣሪያዎችየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥAutoclave · Incubator · Petri dish · +3

መሣሪያ	ዋና ተግባር
Autoclave	Steam በመጠቀም መሳሪያዎችን sterilize ያደርጋል እንዲሁም bacterial sporesን ይገድላል
Incubator	ለmicrobial growth ተስማሚ የሆነ optimal temperature ይጠብቃል
Petri dish	እንደ agar ያሉ solid culture mediaን ይይዛል
Slide and cover slip	Specimenን ይደግፋል እንዲሁም በሚታይበት ወቅት እንዳይደርቅ ይከላከላል
Dissecting kit	Internal organs ለመቁረጥ እና ለመመርመር የሚያስፈልጉ መሳሪያዎችን ይይዛል
Tongs	የሞቁ crucibles፣ beakers እና glasswareን ያነሳል

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የላቦራቶሪ መሣሪያዎችን ከተግባራቸው ጋር ለማዛመድ ይህንን ሰንጠረዥ ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

በከፍተኛ ሙቀት ማይክሮኦርጋኒዝሞችን የሚያጠፋውን autoclave ለእድገት ምቹ ሙቀት ከሚሰጠው incubator ጋር አያምታቱ።

ከGrade 9 Biology፣ ገጽ 1-18 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የሳይንሳዊ ዘዴ ቅደም ተከተሎችዘዴ

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የሳይንሳዊ ምርምር ደረጃዎችን ቅደም ተከተል ለማስቀመጥ ይህንን ይጠቀሙ: ትዝብት፣ ጥያቄ መጠየቅ፣ መላ ምት መቅረጽ፣ ሙከራ ማካሄድ፣ ድምዳሜ ላይ መድረስ እና ውጤትን ማሳወቅ።

ይጠንቀቁ

መላ ምት (hypothesis) መፈጠር ያለበት ከሙከራ በፊት ነው፤ እንዲሁም በሙከራ ሊፈተሽ የሚችል መሆን አለበት።

ከGrade 9 Biology፣ ገጽ 1-18 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የብርሃን ማይክሮስኮፕ ጠቅላላ የማጉላት አቅምቀመር

M_{\text{total}} = M_{\text{eyepiece}} \times M_{\text{objective}}

M_{\text{total}} = M_{\text{eyepiece}} \times M_{\text{objective}}

$M_{\text{total}}$: ጠቅላላ የማጉላት አቅም $1$
$M_{\text{eyepiece}}$: የዓይነ መነጽር ሌንስ የማጉላት አቅም $1$
$M_{\text{objective}}$: የአንጻራዊ ሌንስ የማጉላት አቅም $1$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የዓይነ መነጽር እና የአንጻራዊ ሌንስ የማጉላት አቅም ሲሰጥ ጠቅላላውን ማጉላት ለማስላት ይህን ቀመር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

ጠቅላላ ማጉላት የሁለቱ ሌንሶች የማጉላት አቅም ብዜት እንጂ ድምር አይደለም።

ከGrade 9 Biology፣ ገጽ 1-18 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

ከፍተኛ ሌንስ ላይ Coarse Adjustment መጠቀምየተለመደ ስህተት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የማይክሮስኮፕ አጠቃቀም እና ምስል የማጥራት ቅደም ተከተል ሲጠየቅ ይህንን ደንብ ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

በከፍተኛ ማጉያ ሌንስ (high power) ወቅት coarse adjustment knob በፍጹም አይጠቀሙ፤ ምክንያቱም መስታወቱን እና ሌንሱን ሊሰብረው ይችላል።

ከGrade 9 Biology፣ ገጽ 1-18 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 1 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

The word Biology is derived from two Greek words: bios and logos. What does the word bios mean?

A.Life
B.Study
C.Earth
D.Science

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Life

ምክንያቱ

The textbook states that Biology comes from two Greek words: bios meaning life, and logos meaning study.

ጥያቄ 2

In the scientific method, what is a hypothesis?

A.A final conclusion accepted by all scientists
B.A proposed scientific explanation that is testable
C.A tool used to magnify small microorganisms
D.A published paper in a scientific journal

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B A proposed scientific explanation that is testable

ምክንያቱ

A hypothesis is a proposed scientific explanation (possible answer) for a question or set of questions, and it must be testable through experimentation.

ጥያቄ 3

If a student uses a compound light microscope with a 10x eyepiece lens and a 40x objective lens, what is the total magnification?

A.30x
B.50x
C.400x
D.4000x

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C 400x

ምክንያቱ

The total magnification of a compound light microscope is calculated by multiplying the eyepiece magnification by the objective lens magnification (10 multiplied by 40 equals 400x).

ጥያቄ 4

What should you immediately do if a laboratory chemical splashes onto your skin and causes a burn?

A.Apply cooking oil over the burn
B.Cover the burn tightly with a dry cloth
C.Flood the burned area with cold tap water for several minutes
D.Wait until the end of the laboratory class to report it

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Flood the burned area with cold tap water for several minutes

ምክንያቱ

Laboratory safety rules state that if someone is burned or exposed to a chemical, they must immediately flood the affected area with cold tap water for several minutes to minimize damage.

ጥያቄ 5

Which piece of equipment is used to kill microorganisms and their resistant spores by using high temperatures and highly pressurized steam?

A.Incubator
B.Autoclave
C.Hotplate
D.Petri dish

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Autoclave

ምክንያቱ

An autoclave is used to sterilize biological samples and equipment by exposing them to high temperatures and highly pressurized steam, which kills both microorganisms and their spores.

ጥያቄ 6

Antibiotics such as penicillin are produced by which of the following organisms?

A.Mould fungi or bacteria
B.Viruses
C.Insects
D.Green algae

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Mould fungi or bacteria

ምክንያቱ

The textbook states that antibiotics, such as penicillin, are produced by mould fungi or bacteria.

ጥያቄ 7

What is the primary role of the diaphragm (iris) on a light microscope?

A.To hold the microscope slide firmly in place
B.To control the amount and size of the light beam reaching the specimen
C.To connect the eyepiece tube to the objective lenses
D.To move the stage quickly for rough focusing

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B To control the amount and size of the light beam reaching the specimen

ምክንያቱ

The diaphragm is located under the stage and functions to regulate the light intensity and control the size of the beam of light that reaches the specimen.

ጥያቄ 8

How does the coarse adjustment knob differ from the fine adjustment knob on a light microscope?

A.Coarse adjustment brings the image into general focus roughly, while fine adjustment achieves sharpness.
B.Coarse adjustment turns the light on, while fine adjustment changes the objective lenses.
C.Coarse adjustment is used only with 100x lenses, while fine adjustment is used with 4x lenses.
D.Coarse adjustment moves the eyepiece, while fine adjustment holds the slide.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Coarse adjustment brings the image into general focus roughly, while fine adjustment achieves sharpness.

ምክንያቱ

The coarse adjustment captures the distance roughly and quickly to bring the specimen into general focus, while the fine adjustment moves the stage minimally to achieve sharpness.

ጥያቄ 9

Why are electron microscopes able to view extremely small structures such as viruses that cannot be seen under a light microscope?

A.They use thicker glass slides and wide cover slips.
B.They use a beam of electrons and electromagnets instead of light and glass lenses.
C.They use two light bulbs placed beneath the stage.
D.They use single convex lenses attached to wooden handles.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B They use a beam of electrons and electromagnets instead of light and glass lenses.

ምክንያቱ

Electron microscopes provide much higher magnification and resolution because they use a beam of electrons and electromagnets instead of a beam of light and glass lenses.

ጥያቄ 10

A laboratory technician in Addis Ababa wants to culture a large population of bacteria using only liquid broth media. Which glassware is designed specifically for this purpose?

A.Petri dish
B.Dissecting pan
C.Flask
D.Crucible

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Flask

ምክንያቱ

A flask has a flat bottom and a long narrow neck that allows mixing without spilling. It is essentially a large volume culture tube used only with broth media to produce large populations of microorganisms.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 1 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 1 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 1 እስከ ገጽ 18 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 165 ገጾች

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ሁሉም የ9ኛ ክፍል ባዮሎጂ አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

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