Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 7 Fiizikii kutaa 9: Teempireechara fi Teermoomeetirii

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 7 kitaaba Fiizikii kutaa 9 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

6
Kaardii: 10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 7

Boqonnaan 7 maal haguuga

1.Temperature and Our Life
2.Extreme Temperature Safety
3.Temperature Change and its Effects
4.Measuring Temperature with Different Thermometric Scales
5.Types of Thermometers and Their Use
6.Conversion between Temperature Scales
7.Thermal Expansion of Materials

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 7

Kaardiiwwan fuula Fiizikii kutaa 9 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Qabxiiwwan Dhaabbatoo Iskeelota TempireecharaaGabatee wabiiCelsius · Fahrenheit · Kelvin

Scale	Qabxii Cabbii	Qabxii Hurkaa	Qooddiiwwan
Celsius	$0^\circ\text{C}$	$100^\circ\text{C}$	$100$
Fahrenheit	$32^\circ\text{F}$	$212^\circ\text{F}$	$180$
Kelvin	$273.15\text{ K}$	$373.15\text{ K}$	$100$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Qabxiiwwan qorannoo dhaabbataa cabbii, hurkaa fi baay'ina qooddiiwwanii beekuuf tajaajila.

Of eeggadhu

Garaagarummaan tempireecharaa digirii Celsius 1 fi Kelvin 1 walqixa, garuu digirii Fahrenheit 1 wajjin walqixa miti.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 140 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Babalina Tiraa OowwaaFoormulaa

\Delta L = \alpha L_0 \Delta T

\Delta L = \alpha L_0 \Delta T

$\Delta L$: jijjiirama dheerinaa $\text{m}$
$\alpha$: Kofishenti babal'ina sararaawaa $(^\circ\text{C})^{-1}$
$L_0$: dheerina jalqabaa $\text{m}$
$\Delta T$: jijjiirama tempireecharaa $^\circ\text{C}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo tempireecharri jijjiiramu dheerina ulee jabaa irratti babalina yookiin konyee uumamu herreguuf gargaara.

Of eeggadhu

Jijjiirama dheerinaa fi dheerina dhumaa walitti hin makin. Dheerinni dhumaa dheerina jalqabaa irratti jijjiirama dheerinaa ida'uudha.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 140 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Jijjiirraa Iskeelii TempireecharaaFoormulaa

T_C = \frac{5}{9}(T_F - 32) = T_K - 273.15

T_C = \frac{5}{9}(T_F - 32) = T_K - 273.15

$T_C$: tempireechara Celsius keessatti $^\circ\text{C}$
$T_F$: tempireechara Fahrenheit keessatti $^\circ\text{F}$
$T_K$: tempireechara Kelvin keessatti $\text{K}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Dubbisa tempireecharaa iskeelii Celsius, Fahrenheit fi Kelvin gidduutti jijjiiruuf tajaajila.

Of eeggadhu

Fahrenheit irraa gara Celsius yeroo jijjiirtu 5/9 n baay'isuun dura 32 hir'isi. Kelvin irratti mallattoo digirii hin fayyadamin.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 140 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Babalina Qaawwaa Oowwaan DhufuDogoggora baratame

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Qaamni jabaan qaawwa qabu yeroo oowwifamu qaawwichi maal akka ta'u murteessuuf gargaara.

Of eeggadhu

Qaamni qaawwa qabu yoo oowwifame qaawwichi hin dhiphatu. Akkuma waan qaamni jabaan sun guutuu ta'ee jiruutti bal'ata.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 140 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Termoomeetiroota fi Amaloota TermoomeetrikiiGabatee wabiiMercury thermometer · Alcohol thermometer · Resistance thermometer · +1

Thermometer	Thermometric Property	Hanga Madaallii
Mercury thermometer	Dheerina mercury column	$-30^\circ\text{C}\text{ hanga }300^\circ\text{C}$
Alcohol thermometer	Baballina volume alcohol	$-115^\circ\text{C}\text{ hanga }78.15^\circ\text{C}$
Resistance thermometer	Electrical resistance platinum	$-270^\circ\text{C}\text{ hanga }700^\circ\text{C}$
Thermocouple	Voltage junctions lamaan gidduu jiru	$-270^\circ\text{C}\text{ hanga }2300^\circ\text{C}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Gosa thermometer sirrii ta'e filachuu fi thermometric property isaanii adda baasuuf gargaara.

Of eeggadhu

Alcohol tempireechara baay'ee gadi aanaa irratti waan qabbanaa'uuf mercury caalaa bakka qorraaf filatamaadha.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 140 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Specific heat capacity fi latent heatFoormulaa

Q = mc\,\Delta T \text{ and } Q = mL

Q = mc\,\Delta T \text{ and } Q = mL

$Q$: anniisaa garaagarummaa ho'aatiin darbu. Qaamni tokko ho'a of keessaa hin qabu; kan qabu internal energy dha, heat jechuun anniisaa sana yeroo socho'u dha $\mathrm{J}$
$m$: ulfaatina wanta ho'u, qabbanaa'u yookaan haalli isaa jijjiiramu $\mathrm{kg}$
$c$: specific heat capacity meeshichaa: anniisaa kiiloogiraama 1 isaa keelviinii 1 olkaasu. Bishaaniif gara 4200 J kiiloogiraamaan keelviiniin $\mathrm{J\,kg^{-1}\,K^{-1}}$
$\Delta T$: jijjiirama ho'aa. Gidduun Selsiyesii fi gidduun keelviinii bal'ina wal qixa qabu, kanaafuu lakkoofsi isaa lachanuu wal fakkaata $\mathrm{K}$
$L$: specific latent heat: baquu fi cabbaa'uuf fusion, danfuu fi walitti qabamuuf vaporisation. Bishaaniif gara 334 000 fi gara 2 260 000 J kiiloogiraamaan $\mathrm{J\,kg^{-1}}$
$C$: heat capacity qaama guutuu tokkoo, kunis ulfaatina isaa c wajjin wal-baay'atee dha. Cirrachi guddaan meeshaa wal fakkaatu irraa cirracha xiqqaa caalaa C guddaa qaba $\mathrm{J\,K^{-1}}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo gaaffiin wanti tokko ho'u, qabbanaa'u, baqu, cabbaa'u yookaan danfu anniisaa barbaachisu gaafatu fayyadami. Yeroo teermoomeetiriin ammallee socho'u anniisaan sun ulfaatina, specific heat capacity fi jijjiirama ho'aa wal-baay'isuu dha; yeroo tuqaa baquu yookaan danfuu irratti utuu hin jijjiiramin dhaabatu immoo ulfaatinaa fi specific latent heat wal-baay'isuu dha.

Of eeggadhu

Barattoonni tarkaanfii baquu yookaan danfuu irratti foormulaa jijjiirama ho'aa qabu fayyadamu. Yeroo anniisaan cabbii 0.5 kg 0 °C irraa gara bishaan 0 °C jijjiiru gaafatamu, jijjiirama ho'aa barbaadu, hin argatan, duwwaa barreessu yookaan ofii isaanii uumu. Baquun jijjiirama ho'aa gonkumaa hin qabu: ulfaatinaa fi latent heat of fusion wal-baay'isuu dha, kunis 167 000 J ta'a. Sarara ho'aa irratti kutaalee gad-jedhan irratti foormulaa jijjiirama ho'aa, kutaalee diriiraa irratti immoo foormulaa latent heat fayyadamiitii ida'i. Dogoggorri biraa C fi c wal jijjiiruu dha. C guddaan qaama tokko qofa ilaallata, safartuun isaas J/K dha; c xiqqaan immoo kan meeshichaa ti, safartuun isaas J/(kg K) dha, kan gabatee keessatti argamus c xiqqaa dha.

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 7

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

Which of the following is the correct scientific definition of temperature?

A.The total kinetic energy of all particles in a body
B.The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
C.The amount of heat expanding inside a thermometer
D.The volume of mercury contained inside a thin glass tube

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter

Sababa

Temperature is defined as the degree of hotness or coldness of a body, or the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.

Gaaffii 2

What temperature range is generally referred to as room temperature, in which human beings feel comfortable?

A.10 °C to 14 °C
B.18 °C to 22 °C
C.28 °C to 32 °C
D.36.5 °C to 37.2 °C

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 18 °C to 22 °C

Sababa

According to the textbook, human beings are comfortable with temperatures between 18 °C and 22 °C, which is referred to as room temperature.

Gaaffii 3

What is the SI unit of temperature?

A.Degree Celsius (°C)
B.Degree Fahrenheit (°F)
C.Kelvin (K)
D.Degree Centigrade (°C)

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Kelvin (K)

Sababa

The SI unit for temperature is the kelvin (symbol: K). Note that no degree sign is used with kelvin.

Gaaffii 4

How many equal divisions are between the ice point and the steam point on the Fahrenheit scale?

A.100
B.180
C.212
D.273

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 180

Sababa

On the Fahrenheit scale, the ice point is 32 °F and the steam point is 212 °F. The difference is 212 - 32 = 180 equal parts.

Gaaffii 5

Which type of thermometer uses the voltage generated between two welded junctions of different metals as its thermometric property?

A.Thermocouple
B.Thermistor
C.Resistance thermometer
D.Alcohol thermometer

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Thermocouple

Sababa

A thermocouple consists of two different metal wires welded to form two junctions. It generates a voltage that depends on the temperature difference between the junctions.

Gaaffii 6

Why is an alcohol thermometer used instead of a mercury thermometer to measure very low temperatures such as -50 °C?

A.Alcohol expands less than mercury
B.Mercury freezes at a higher temperature, while alcohol measures down to -115 °C
C.Alcohol is a toxic liquid and mercury is non-toxic
D.Mercury only functions above 100 °C

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Mercury freezes at a higher temperature, while alcohol measures down to -115 °C

Sababa

A mercury thermometer is suitable between -30 °C and 300 °C, while an alcohol thermometer can measure temperatures from -115 °C to 78.15 °C, making it suitable for very cold conditions.

Gaaffii 7

A student in Addis Ababa reads a room temperature of 20 °C. What is this value in degrees Fahrenheit (°F)?

A.43 °F
B.52 °F
C.68 °F
D.72 °F

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 68 °F

Sababa

Using the conversion formula: T_F = 1.8 × T_C + 32 = 1.8 × 20 + 32 = 36 + 32 = 68 °F.

Gaaffii 8

In a laboratory experiment, hot water has a temperature of 345.15 K. What is this temperature in degrees Celsius?

A.72 °C
B.100 °C
C.618.3 °C
D.273.15 °C

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 72 °C

Sababa

Using the formula T_C = T_K - 273.15: T_C = 345.15 - 273.15 = 72 °C.

Gaaffii 9

At what temperature do the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales read the exact same number?

A.0°
B.40°
C.-40°
D.-273.15°

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C -40°

Sababa

Setting T_C = T_F = x in the formula x = 1.8x + 32 gives -0.8x = 32, which leads to x = -40. Thus, -40 °C equals -40 °F.

Gaaffii 10

A 2 m long copper rod (α = 1.7 × 10^-5 (°C)^-1) is heated so that its temperature rises from 0 °C to 150 °C. What is the increase in length (ΔL) of the rod?