Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 6 Fiizikii kutaa 9: Oosileeshinii Meekaanikaalaa fi Sagalee

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 6 kitaaba Fiizikii kutaa 9 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

10
Kaardii: 10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 6: 114–139
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 6

Boqonnaan 6 maal haguuga

1.Common Characteristics of Waves
2.String, Pendulum and Spring
3.Propagation of Waves and Energy Transmission
4.Sound Waves
5.Superposition of Waves
6.Characteristics of Sound Waves

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 6

Kaardiiwwan fuula Fiizikii kutaa 9 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Echo and Sonar DistanceDogoggora baratame

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo sagaleen gara waan tokkootti deemee gara burqaatti deebi'u (echo ykn sonar) fageenya shallaguuf fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Yeroon kenname t deebii waliigalaati. Fageenyi gara wantichaatti jiru d = v times t / 2 dha. 2f qooduu irraanfachuun fageenya dachaa godha.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 114-139 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Period of a Mass Spring SystemFoormulaa

T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}

T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}

$T$: Piriyeedii $s$
$m$: Hamma maatarii $kg$
$k$: Dhaabbataa ispiiriingii $N\,m^{-1}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Foormulaa kanatti fayyadamuun period sochii mass spring irratti rarra'ee herregi.

Of eeggadhu

Mass kilograms fi spring constant k immoo N/m ta'uu qaba. Period kan murtaa'u mass fi k qofaan malee amplitude irratti miti.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 114-139 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Period of a Simple PendulumFoormulaa

T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}

T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}

$T$: Piriyeedii $s$
$L$: Dheerina peendulamii $m$
$g$: Saffisiisa harkisa lafaa $m\,s^{-2}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Foormulaa kanatti fayyadamuun period pendulum salphaa yookiin dheerina fi period irraa acceleration due to gravity herregi.

Of eeggadhu

Mass bob fi amplitude period irratti dhiibbaa hin qaban. Dheerini (L) centimeters irraa gara meters tti jijjiiramuu qaba.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 114-139 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Speed of Sound in AirFoormulaa

v = 331 \sqrt{1 + \frac{T_c}{273}}

v = 331 \sqrt{1 + \frac{T_c}{273}}

$v$: Saffisa sagalee $m\,s^{-1}$
$T_c$: Tempiricha qilleensaa $^\circ\text{C}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Foormulaa kanaan saffisa sagalee qilleensa keessaa ho'a Celsius kenname kamiyyuu irratti shallagi.

Of eeggadhu

Ho'a kallattiin degree Celsius galchi malee gara Kelvin tti hin jijjiirin. Ho'a 0 degree Celsius irratti saffisni sagalee 331 m/s dha.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 114-139 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Wave Speed EquationFoormulaa

v = f \lambda

v = f \lambda

$v$: Saffisa dambalii $m\,s^{-1}$
$f$: Firiikuweensii $Hz$
$\lambda$: Dheerina dambalii $m$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Foormulaa kanatti fayyadamuun saffisa wave kamiyyuu frequency fi wavelength waliin walqabsiisi.

Of eeggadhu

Wavelength yeroo hunda meetiraan (m) ta'uu qaba. Yoo frequency mannaa period T kenname f = 1/T fayyadami.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 114-139 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Dambalii transverse fi longitudinalGabatee wabiiKallattii qaamoleen xixiqqaan itti raafaman · Wanti fakkiin agarsiisu · Kutaalee moggaaftu · +2

Wanti wal bira qabamu	Transverse wave	Longitudinal wave
Kallattii qaamoleen xixiqqaan itti raafaman	Kallattii dambaliin itti deemu irratti rogaan qajeelaa.	Sarara dambaliin irra deemu irratti duraa duubatti.
Wanti fakkiin agarsiisu	Goggogaa saayinii crest fi trough qabu; xiyyi kallattii deemsaa qaccee dalgaa irratti ka'a.	Sararoota dhaabbatoo walitti dhi'aatanii fi wal irraa fagaatan; C R C R C jedhamanii moggaafamu; xiyyi kallattii deemsaa sararoota sana irratti ka'a.
Kutaalee moggaaftu	Crest fiixee goggogaa irra jiru; trough immoo kan gadi bu'e.	Compression, C, iddoo qaamoleen xixiqqaan walitti dhi'aatanii dhiibbaan olka'u; rarefaction, R, iddoo isaan wal irraa fagaatanii dhiibbaan gadi bu'u.
Fakkeenyota	Dambalii bishaanii; yeroo dambaliin darbu fuulli bishaanii ol fi gadi socho'a. Ifa.	Sagalee qilleensa keessaa; wanti raafamu qilleensa cinaa isaa jiru dhiibee harkisuun erga.
Wanti dhugumatti deemu	Anniisaan gara fuulduraatti deema. Qaamoleen xixiqqaan garuu naannoo iddoo boqonnaa ofii isaanii qofa raafamu.	Anniisaan gara fuulduraatti deema. Qaamoleen xixiqqaan garuu naannoo iddoo boqonnaa ofii isaanii qofa raafamu.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo gaaffiin dambaliin tokko gosa kam akka ta'e gaafatu yookaan fakkii dambalii akka moggaaftu si gaafatu fayyadami. Kallattii lama wal bira qabi: kallattii qaamoleen xixiqqaan itti raafamanii fi kallattii dambaliin mataan isaa itti deemu. Rogaan qajeelaa yoo ta'e transverse dha; sarara tokko irra yoo ta'e immoo longitudinal dha.

Of eeggadhu

Barattoonni sochii osoo hin taane fakkii qofa waan yaadataniif, yeroo sagaleen oscilloscope irratti goggogaa lallaafaa ta'ee kaafamu sagaleen transverse dha jedhanii deebisu. Goggogaan sun giraafii sochii yookaan dhiibbaa fageenya yookaan yeroo wajjin agarsiisu dha. Fakkii waan qilleensi hojjetu agarsiisu miti. Qilleensa keessatti qaamoleen xixiqqaan sarara sagaleen irra deemu sana irratti duraa duubatti socho'u, kanaafuu sagaleen akkamitti iyyuu yoo kaafame longitudinal ta'ee hafa. Kallattii qaamoleen xixiqqaan itti raafamaniin murteessi malee boca fakkiitiin hin murteessin.

Dambalii mechanical fi electromagneticGabatee wabiiWanti inni keessa darbu · Wanti sochoosu · Ariitii · +4

Wanti wal bira qabamu	Mechanical wave	Electromagnetic wave
Wanti inni keessa darbu	Ni barbaachisa. Jajjaboo, dhangala'aa yookaan gaasii ta'uu qaba.	Hin barbaachisu. Of baatee bakka duwwaa keessa darba, ifni urjiis karaa kanaan nu bira ga'a. Birilleefi bishaan keessas darbuu danda'a.
Wanti sochoosu	Qaamoleen xixiqqaan wal duraa duubaan wal dhiibanii wal harkisu.	Electric field fi magnetic field raafaman kan yeroo hunda walitti deebi'anii wal uuman.
Ariitii	Wanti inni keessa darbu murteessa. Sagaleen ho'a kutaa keessatti qilleensa keessa gara 340 m/s deema.	Hundinuu vaakiyeemii keessa gara 300 000 000 m/s deemu.
Transverse moo longitudinal	Lachanuu ta'uu danda'a. Dambaliin funyoo irraa transverse dha; sagaleen qilleensa keessaa longitudinal dha.	Yeroo hunda transverse dha.
Fakkeenyota	Sagalee, dambalii bishaanii, dambalii funyoo diriirfame irraa, dambalii sochii lafaa.	Ifa, dambalii raadiyoo, X-ray. Mallattoon raadiyoo, televizhinii fi mobaayilaa karaa kanaan deema.
Suuraa yaalaa keessatti	Sakatta'a ultrasound, kunis sagalee 20 kHz ol ta'e dha.	Suuraa X-ray.
Yaaliin murteessu	Sa'aatii iyyu qodaa keessa kaa'ii qilleensa keessaa baasi. Sagaleen laafee bada.	Ifni sa'aatii sanaa garuu ammallee ija kee bira ga'a.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo gaaffiin dambaliiwwan kamtu vaakiyeemii keessa darbuu danda'a gaafatu yookaan tarree dambaliiwwanii kennee gareewwan lamatti akka qoodduu si gaafatu fayyadami. Wanti hunda murteessu tokko: dambaliin mechanical deemuuf wanta barbaada, dambaliin electromagnetic garuu hin barbaadu.

Of eeggadhu

Barattoonni X-ray fi ultrasound suuraa yaalaa jalatti walitti barreeffamanii yeroo argan lachanuu electromagnetic jedhanii galmeessu. Ultrasound sagalee dha. Deemuuf hancufa qaamaa kan barbaadu dambalii mechanical dha, ogeessi sunis sababuma kanaaf meeshaa sakatta'aa fi gogaa gidduutti jeelii dibee dha: qilleensi haphiin sagalicha deebisee waan calaqqisiisuuf sakatta'ichi homaa hin agarsiisu. X-ray garuu wanta keessa darbu tokkollee hin barbaadu. Gaaffiin qormaataa kana qabu yeroo hunda tokkuma, dambaliiwwan tarreeffaman keessaa kamtu vaakiyeemii keessa deemuu danda'a jedhee gaafata. Ifni, raadiyoon fi X-ray ni danda'u. Sagaleen, ultrasound, dambaliin bishaanii fi dambaliin sochii lafaa hin danda'an.

Node fi antinode standing wave keessaaSeera

\text{node to node} = \dfrac{\lambda}{2}, \; \text{node to antinode} = \dfrac{\lambda}{4}

\text{node to node} = \dfrac{\lambda}{2}, \; \text{node to antinode} = \dfrac{\lambda}{4}

$\lambda$: wavelength dambalii deeman lamaan bocicha uuman keessaa tokkoon tokkoo isaanii $\mathrm{m}$
$A$: amplitude dambalii lamaan sana keessaa tokkoo kophaa isaa $\mathrm{m}$
$2A$: amplitude antinode irratti, kunis dachaa dambalii tokkoo ti $\mathrm{m}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Funyoo, haadaa yookaan utubaa qilleensaa boca murtaa'aan raafamuuf fayyadami; node tuqaa yeroo hunda hin sochoone yoo ta'u, antinode immoo dambalii tokkicha caalaa dachaa lama raafama. Node irraa node walakkaa wavelength dha, node irraa antinode immoo ruubii dha; kan dheerina safarame gara wavelength jijjiiru kanuma.

Of eeggadhu

Barattoonni fageenya node wal cinaa lama gidduu jiru wavelength guutuu godhanii fudhatu. Walakkaa dha. Dogoggorri tokkichi kun gaaffii funyootii fi ujummoo hunda diiga: funyoon dheerina L qabu yeroo sirna bu'uuraa isaatiin raafamu marsaa tokko qabata, kanaafuu L walakkaa wavelength dha, wavelength dachaa L dha, frequency immoo ariitii dambalii dachaa L irratti hiruudhaan argama. Wavelength L godhanii dubbisuun deebii yeroo hunda frequency dhugaa caalaa dachaa lama taasisa. Node osoo hin taane marsaawwan lakkaa'i, marsaan node lama gidduu jiru tokkoon tokkoon isaa walakkaa dambalii ti. Wanti tokko sirriitti hubatamuu qabu ammas jira: antinode iddoo amplitude raafamaa guddaa qabu dha, sochiin isaa garuu marsaa tokkoo keessatti si'a lama duwwaa keessa darba, yeroo meediyeemiin guutuun yeroo gabaabaaf qajeelu.

Interference constructive fi destructiveSeera

A_{res} = A_{1} + A_{2} \text{ or } A_{res} = |A_{1} - A_{2}|

A_{res} = A_{1} + A_{2} \text{ or } A_{res} = |A_{1} - A_{2}|

$A_{1}$: amplitude dambalii jalqabaa $\mathrm{m}$
$A_{2}$: amplitude dambalii lammaffaa $\mathrm{m}$
$A_{res}$: amplitude bakka lachanuu itti wal irra bu'an: yeroo waliin ga'an ida'ama isaanii, yeroo walakkaa marsaadhaan adda ga'an immoo garaagarummaa isaanii $\mathrm{m}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo dambaliiwwan lama tuqaa tokko irratti wal irra bu'anii gaaffiin bu'aan sun hangam sagalee guddaa, ifaa yookaan ol dheeraa akka ta'e gaafatu fayyadami. Yeroo dambaliiwwan waliin ga'an amplitude isaanii ida'i, kunis garaagarummaan karaa isaanii baay'ina wavelength guutuu yoo ta'e dha; yeroo walakkaa marsaadhaan adda ga'an immoo hir'isi, kunis garaagarummaan karaa isaanii lakkoofsa mancaa walakkaa wavelength yoo ta'e dha.

Of eeggadhu

Barattoonni destructive jechuu dambaliiwwan ni barbadaa'an jedhanii waan dubbisaniif, yeroo dambaliiwwan lama wal hin simanne wal argan hunda calluma yookaan dukkana eegu. Bu'aan duwwaa ta'uuf wantoonni lama guutamuu qabu: dambaliiwwan sirriitti walakkaa marsaadhaan adda ga'uu qabu, kunis lakkoofsa mancaa walakkaa wavelength garaagarummaa karaa jechuu dha malee wal hin simanne jechuu qofa miti; amplitude isaaniis wal qixa ta'uu qaba. Dambaliin 3 cm dambalii 2 cm faallaa marsaatiin yoo argate dambalii 1 cm hambisa. Wanti badus hin jiru. Anniisaan tuqaalee calluma irraa fudhatame tuqaalee sagalee guddaa irratti mul'ata, dambaliiwwan lamaanuus akkuma itti seenan wal argicha keessaa ba'u.

Anniisaa dambalii mechanical baatuFoormulaa

E \propto A^{2} f^{2}

E \propto A^{2} f^{2}

$E$: anniisaa dambaliin baatu. Gara fuulduraatti deema, qaamoleen xixiqqaan garuu naannoo iddoo boqonnaa isaanii qofa raafamu $\mathrm{J}$
$A$: amplitude sochii: qaamni xiqqaan tokkoon tokkoon isaa iddoo boqonnaa isaa irraa hammam akka fagaatu $\mathrm{m}$
$f$: frequency dambalichaa, baay'ina raafama guutuu sekondii tokkotti $\mathrm{Hz}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo gaaffiin amplitude yookaan frequency sagalee, dambalii funyoo irraa yookaan dambalii bishaanii jijjiiree anniisaan inni baatu maal akka ta'u gaafatu fayyadami. Hangoonni lamaanuu waan iskuweerii ta'aniif isaan keessaa tokko qofa dachaa lama gochuun anniisaa dachaa afur, lamaanuu dachaa lama gochuun immoo dachaa kudha ja'a kenna.

Of eeggadhu

Barattoonni wal-madaalcha kana akka baay'isa qajeelaatti waan dubbisaniif amplitude dachaa lama gochuun anniisaa dachaa lama godha jedhu. Dachaa afur godha, sababni isaas amplitude iskuweerii ta'a; amplitude fi frequency waliin dachaa lama gochuun immoo dachaa afur osoo hin taane dachaa kudha ja'a kenna. Kiyyoon lammaffaan frequency ol ka'aa sagalee guddaa jedhanii dhaga'uu dha: sagaleen frequency ol ka'aa qabu pitch isaa ol ka'aa dha, guddina sagalee kan murteessu amplitude dha. Akkasumas wal-madaalchi kun lakkoofsa dhaabbataa waan hin qabneef, dambaliiwwan gosa tokkoo meediyeemii tokko keessa jiran lama wal bira qaba malee anniisaa J'n hin kennu. Seerichi kan dambalii mechanical qofa ti, gara ifaatti hin darbu; ifni amplitude'n ibsama, frequency immoo halluu isaa jijjiira.

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 6

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What is the name for the maximum displacement of an oscillating object from its equilibrium position?

A.Wavelength
B.Amplitude
C.Frequency
D.Period

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Amplitude

Sababa

Amplitude is defined as the maximum displacement from the equilibrium (rest) position.

Gaaffii 2

Which type of wave does not require a material medium and can travel through a vacuum?

A.Sound wave
B.Water wave
C.Wave on a string
D.Electromagnetic wave

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D Electromagnetic wave

Sababa

Electromagnetic waves (such as light and radio waves) consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields and do not require a material medium to travel.

Gaaffii 3

When a musician in Addis Ababa plucks a kirar string, which wave characteristic determines the pitch of the sound produced?

A.Frequency
B.Amplitude
C.Wave speed
D.Loudness

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Frequency

Sababa

The pitch of a sound depends directly on the frequency of the sound wave. Higher frequency produces a higher pitch.

Gaaffii 4

Through which of the following materials does sound travel the fastest?

A.Air
B.Water
C.Iron
D.Rubber

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Iron

Sababa

Sound travels fastest in solids because particles are close together. In iron, the speed of sound is 5950 m/s, which is much faster than in liquids or gases.

Gaaffii 5

A sound wave has a frequency of 500 Hz and a wavelength of 0.68 m. What is the speed of this wave?

A.170 m/s
B.340 m/s
C.735 m/s
D.250 m/s

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 340 m/s

Sababa

Wave speed is calculated using v = f × λ. Therefore, v = 500 Hz × 0.68 m = 340 m/s.

Gaaffii 6

A student in Hawassa doubles the mass of the bob of a simple pendulum while keeping its string length unchanged. What happens to the period of oscillation?

A.It doubles
B.It is halved
C.It remains unchanged
D.It increases by four times

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C It remains unchanged

Sababa

The period of a simple pendulum depends only on its length (L) and acceleration due to gravity (g). It is completely independent of the mass of the bob.

Gaaffii 7

An applied force of 20 N stretches a spring by 0.05 m. What is the spring constant (k) of the spring?

A.1 N/m
B.100 N/m
C.400 N/m
D.200 N/m

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 400 N/m

Sababa

According to Hooke's law, k = F_app / x. Therefore, k = 20 N / 0.05 m = 400 N/m.

Gaaffii 8

A person stands facing a cliff in Gondar and claps their hands. The echo is heard 2 seconds later. If the speed of sound is 343 m/s, what is the distance to the cliff?

A.171.5 m
B.343 m
C.686 m
D.514.5 m

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 343 m

Sababa

The sound travels to the cliff and back in 2 s, so the time taken to reach the cliff is 1 s. Distance = speed × time = 343 m/s × 1 s = 343 m.

Gaaffii 9

A block of mass 4 kg is connected to a spring and oscillates with a period of (π/10) s. What is the spring constant of the spring?

A.160 N/m
B.400 N/m
C.800 N/m
D.1600 N/m

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D 1600 N/m

Sababa

The period formula is T = 2π√(m/k). Substituting the values: π/10 = 2π√(4/k) gives 1/20 = 2/√k, which means √k = 40, so k = 1600 N/m.

Gaaffii 10

In a standing wave on a string, what is the distance between a node and its nearest adjacent antinode?

A.λ / 4
B.λ / 2
C.λ
D.2λ

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A λ / 4

Sababa

For a standing wave, the distance between two adjacent nodes or two adjacent antinodes is λ/2, while the distance between a node and an adjacent antinode is λ/4.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 6

Boqonnaan 6 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 114 hanga fuula 139 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 179

PDF buufadhaa

Yaadannoo gabaabaa Fiizikii kutaa 9 hunda

Boqonnaa kana appii keessatti shaakali

Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.

Bilisaan jalqabi

Temari.et appii Android qaba; Google Play irratti bilisaan argama.

Waa'ee appii Temari