Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 5 Fiizikii kutaa 9: Maashinoota Salphaa

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 5 kitaaba Fiizikii kutaa 9 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

4
Kaardii: 10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 5: 82–113
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 5

Boqonnaan 5 maal haguuga

1.Simple Machines and their Purposes
2.Simple Machines at Home
3.Simple Machines at Work Place
4.Classification of Simple Machines
5.Mechanical Advantage, Velocity Ratio and Efficiency of Simple Ma
6.Designing Simple Machine

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 5

Kaardiiwwan fuula Fiizikii kutaa 9 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Efficiency: Mechanical Advantage fi Velocity Ratio MaashiniiFoormulaa

\eta = \frac{\text{MA}}{\text{VR}} = \frac{\text{Work output}}{\text{Work input}}

\eta = \frac{\text{MA}}{\text{VR}} = \frac{\text{Work output}}{\text{Work input}}

$\eta$: Efficiency maashinii $\text{dimensionless}$
$\text{MA}$: Mechanical Advantage: reeshiyoo Load fi Effort $\text{dimensionless}$
$\text{VR}$: Velocity Ratio: fageenya Effort deeme qooduuf fageenya Load deeme $\text{dimensionless}$
$\text{Work output}$: Hojii faayida-qabeessa maashiniin Load irratti hojjete $\text{J}$
$\text{Work input}$: Hojii humna Effort tiin maashinicha keessa gale $\text{J}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Efficiency maashinii salphaa kamiyyuu shallaguuf yookiin hojii bahee fi hojii seene Mechanical Advantage fi Velocity Ratio waliin walqabsiisuuf itti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Mechanical Advantage, Velocity Ratio fi Efficiency reeshiyoo waan ta'aniif yuuniitii hin qaban. Efficiency maashinii qabatamaa keessatti yeroo hunda 1 yookiin dhibbeentaa 100 gadi ta'a.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 82-113 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Maashinonni Hojii Yookiin Annisaa Hin Baay'isanDogoggora baratame

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Gaaffilee yaadaa maashiniin annisaa uuma yookiin hojii hir'isa jedhan deebisuuf itti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Maashiniin hojii yookiin annisaa hin baay'isu. Humni baay'achuu danda'a yookiin fageenyi baay'achuu danda'a, garuu lamaanuu al tokkotti hin danda'amu. Rukkittaa irraa kan ka'e, work output yeroo hunda work input gadi ta'a, kanaafuu AMA yeroo hunda IMA gadi ta'a.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 82-113 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Kilaasota Sadanyaa LeverGabatee wabii1st Class · 2nd Class · 3rd Class

Kilaasii	Qaama Gidduu	Amala IMA	Fakkeenya
1st Class	Fulcrum	$\text{IMA} > 1$ , $\text{IMA} = 1$ , yookiin $\text{IMA} < 1$	Siisoo (seesaw), maqasii, kuroobaarii (crowbar)
2nd Class	Load	$\text{IMA} > 1$	Gaarii harkaa (wheelbarrow), cabsaa firii (nutcracker), banituu qaruuraa
3rd Class	Effort	$\text{IMA} < 1$	Qabduu rifeensaa (tweezers), haritii, ulee kiyyoessaa qurxummii, qabduu ibiddaa (tongs)

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Qaama gidduu jiru (Fulcrum, Load, yookiin Effort) irratti hundaa'uun gosa lever adda baasuuf itti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Tartiba qaama gidduu jiru yaadadhu: Kilaasiin 1ffaan Fulcrum gidduutti qaba, kilaasiin 2ffaan Load gidduutti qaba, kilaasiin 3ffaan ammoo Effort gidduutti qaba.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 82-113 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Velocity Ratio fi IMA Maashinoota SalphaaGabatee wabiiInclined Plane · Wedge · Screw · +2

Maashinii Salphaa	Foormulaa Velocity Ratio (VR)	Mallattoolee
Inclined Plane	$\text{VR} = \frac{l}{h}$	$l = \text{dheerina slope},\; h = \text{olka'iinsa (height)}$
Wedge	$\text{VR} = \frac{l}{t}$	$l = \text{dheerina penetration},\; t = \text{furdina (thickness)}$
Screw	$\text{IMA} = \frac{2\pi r}{p} = \frac{\pi d}{p}$	$r = \text{radius},\; d = \text{diameter},\; p = \text{pitch}$
Wheel and Axle	$\text{VR} = \frac{R}{r}$	$R = \text{radius wheel},\; r = \text{radius axle}$
Sirna Pulley (Pulley System)	$\text{VR} = N$	$N = \text{baay'ina damee haadaa load baatan}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Hammamtaalee maashinichaa fayyadamuun Velocity Ratio yookiin Ideal Mechanical Advantage shallaguuf itti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Screw keessatti pitch jechuun fageenya booltota walduraa duubaa gidduu jiruudha. Wheel and axle keessatti raadiyaasii effort isa load tiif qooduu kee mirkaneeffadhu.

Grade 9 Physics, fuula 82-113 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 5

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What is the main purpose of using a simple machine?

A.To create energy out of nothing
B.To make mechanical work easier
C.To reduce the amount of total work required to zero
D.To increase the mass of an object

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B To make mechanical work easier

Sababa

A simple machine is a device that helps us do mechanical work more easily. Simple machines do not create energy; they only transfer it.

Gaaffii 2

Simple machines are classified into two main groups: inclined planes and levers. Which of the following belongs to the inclined plane group?

A.Pulley
B.Wheel and axle
C.Wedge
D.Crowbar

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Wedge

Sababa

The inclined plane group consists of the ramp (inclined plane), wedge, and screw. Pulleys and wheel and axles belong to the lever group.

Gaaffii 3

What term is used for the force applied to a simple machine by an external body, such as a person?

A.Effort
B.Load
C.Friction
D.Work output

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Effort

Sababa

Effort is the force exerted on a machine by an external body like a human being, while load is the force exerted by the machine on the object being moved.

Gaaffii 4

In a second-class lever, which part is located in the middle between the other two?

A.The fulcrum
B.The load
C.The effort
D.The axle

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B The load

Sababa

In a second-class lever (such as a wheelbarrow), the load is placed in the middle, between the fulcrum and the effort.

Gaaffii 5

A person in Gojjam uses a claw hammer to pull out a nail. An effort of 20 N is applied to pull a load force of 100 N. What is the mechanical advantage (M.A) of the hammer?

A.0.2
B.5
C.80
D.120

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 5

Sababa

Mechanical advantage is calculated as: M.A = Load / Effort. Here, M.A = 100 N / 20 N = 5.

Gaaffii 6

An inclined plane in Addis Ababa is used to slide heavy goods into a warehouse. The slope has a length of 30 m and raises objects to a vertical height of 5 m. What is the velocity ratio (V.R) of this inclined plane?

A.0.17
B.6
C.25
D.150

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 6

Sababa

For an inclined plane, V.R = length of inclined surface (l) / height of inclined plane (h). Thus, V.R = 30 m / 5 m = 6.

Gaaffii 7

A simple machine provides a work output of 80 J when 400 J of work is supplied to it. What is the efficiency of this machine?

A.20%
B.50%
C.80%
D.320%

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 20%

Sababa

Efficiency is defined as: η = (work output / work input) × 100%. So, η = (80 J / 400 J) × 100% = 0.2 × 100% = 20%.

Gaaffii 8

A lever has its effort located 40 cm from the fulcrum and its load located 10 cm from the fulcrum. What is the velocity ratio (V.R) of this lever?

A.0.25
B.4
C.30
D.50

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 4

Sababa

For a lever, V.R = distance from effort to fulcrum (d_E) / distance from load to fulcrum (d_L). Here, V.R = 40 cm / 10 cm = 4.

Gaaffii 9

A machine has a mechanical advantage (M.A) of 3 and a velocity ratio (V.R) of 6. What is the efficiency of this machine?

A.18%
B.20%
C.50%
D.200%

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 50%

Sababa

Efficiency expressed in terms of M.A and V.R is: η = M.A / V.R. Here, η = 3 / 6 = 0.5 = 50%.

Gaaffii 10

A wheel and axle is used to lift a bucket of water from a deep well near Hawassa. The radius of the wheel is 30 cm and the radius of the axle is 5 cm. What is the velocity ratio (V.R) of this wheel and axle?

A.0.17
B.6
C.25
D.150

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 6

Sababa

The velocity ratio of a wheel and axle is given by V.R = radius of wheel (R) / radius of axle (r). Therefore, V.R = 30 cm / 5 cm = 6.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 5

Boqonnaan 5 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 82 hanga fuula 113 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 179

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Fiizikii kutaa 9 hunda

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