የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ኬሚስትሪ ምዕራፍ 5፦ ሜታሎች እና ኖንሜታሎች

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የኬሚስትሪ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 5 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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የምዕራፍ 5 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
201–236
የምዕራፍ 5 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 5 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.Production of Some Important Nonmetals

የምዕራፍ 5 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የኬሚስትሪ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በ Contact Process የሰልፈሪክ አሲድ አመራረት ቅደም ተከተልን በሚጽፉበት ጊዜ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

በ Contact Process ውስጥ SO3\text{SO}_3 በቀጥታ ከውሃ ጋር እንደሚገናኝ አድርገው ፈጽሞ አይጻፉ። መጀመሪያ በተከማቸ ሰልፈሪክ አሲድ ውስጥ ተሟምቶ H2S2O7\text{H}_2\text{S}_2\text{O}_7 (Oleum) ከፈጠረ በኋላ ነው በውሃ የሚበረዘው።

ከGrade 10 Chemistry፣ ገጽ 201-236 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Mass % of Gold=Carat24×100\text{Mass \% of Gold} = \frac{\text{Carat}}{24} \times 100
Carat\text{Carat}
በ 24 የቅይጥ የክብደት ክፍሎች ውስጥ ያለ የንጹሕ ወርቅ የክብደት ክፍል መጠንdimensionless\text{dimensionless}

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ከተሰጠ የካራት ዋጋ የወርቅን የክብደት መቶኛ ለማስላት ይህንን ቀመር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

ንጹሕ ወርቅ 24 ካራት ነው። የካራቱን ቁጥር በ 100 እንዳያካፍሉ፤ መካፈል ያለበት ለ 24 ነው።

ከGrade 10 Chemistry፣ ገጽ 201-236 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Elementዋና Ore ወይም መገኛየኢንዱስትሪ የማውጣት Method
AluminumAl2O3⋅2H2O\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3\cdot 2\text{H}_2\text{O} (Bauxite)Hall-Héroult process (Electrolysis ከ Na3AlF6\text{Na}_3\text{AlF}_6 ጋር)
IronFe2O3\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3 (Hematite)CO\text{CO} በመጠቀም የሚካሄድ Blast furnace reduction
CopperCuFeS2\text{CuFeS}_2 (Chalcopyrite)Roasting, smelting, እና electrolytic refining
Sulfurየከርሰ ምድር elemental depositsSuperheated water በመጠቀም የሚካሄድ Frasch process
ChlorineNaCl(aq)\text{NaCl}(\text{aq}) (Brine)የconcentrated aqueous NaCl\text{NaCl} Electrolysis

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ለዋና ዋና metals እና nonmetals ጥሬ እቃዎችንና የማውጫ ዘዴዎችን ለመለየት ይህንን ሰንጠረዥ ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

Cryolite የአሉሚኒየም ore አይደለም። የሟሟያ ሙቀትን ከ 2045 °C ወደ 1000 °C ዝቅ የሚያደርግ ተጨማሪ ቅይጥ ነው።

ከGrade 10 Chemistry፣ ገጽ 201-236 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 5 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

Solder, which is commonly used to join electrical wires and resistances, is an alloy composed of:

  1. A.67% tin and 33% lead
  2. B.87% copper and 13% tin
  3. C.73% iron and 27% nickel
  4. D.92% aluminum and 8% magnesium
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A 67% tin and 33% lead

ምክንያቱ

According to the textbook, solder (also called fuse metal) has a composition of 67% tin and 33% lead, giving it a lower melting point than pure tin.

ጥያቄ 2

According to the reactivity series of metals, which metal is the strongest reducing agent?

  1. A.Potassium
  2. B.Iron
  3. C.Copper
  4. D.Gold
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Potassium

ምክንያቱ

Metals at the very top of the reactivity series lose electrons most readily and are the strongest reducing agents. Potassium sits at the top of the series, while gold sits at the bottom as the weakest.

ጥያቄ 3

Why is white phosphorus always stored under water in the laboratory?

  1. A.It spontaneously ignites in the presence of oxygen.
  2. B.It dissolves quickly in open air.
  3. C.It reacts rapidly with glass containers.
  4. D.It decomposes into red phosphorus in dry air.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A It spontaneously ignites in the presence of oxygen.

ምክንያቱ

White phosphorus is very reactive and bursts into flames spontaneously when exposed to air (oxygen). Storing it under water prevents it from contacting oxygen.

ጥያቄ 4

In the industrial extraction of aluminum by the Hall-Héroult process, cryolite (Na3AlF6) is added to aluminum oxide to:

  1. A.reduce its melting point from 2045 °C to 1000 °C
  2. B.convert silica impurities into insoluble silicates
  3. C.prevent the graphite anode from oxidizing
  4. D.act as a chemical reducing agent for aluminum ions
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A reduce its melting point from 2045 °C to 1000 °C

ምክንያቱ

Cryolite is added to Al2O3 to lower its extremely high melting point from 2045 °C to 1000 °C and to provide a good electrically conducting medium.

ጥያቄ 5

A goldsmith in Addis Ababa crafts traditional jewelry using 18 carat gold. What is the mass percent of pure gold in this 18 carat alloy?

  1. A.75.00%
  2. B.91.67%
  3. C.83.33%
  4. D.67.00%
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A 75.00%

ምክንያቱ

Pure gold is 24 carats (100%). An 18 carat alloy contains 18 parts gold out of 24 parts by mass: (18 / 24) * 100 = 75.00%.

ጥያቄ 6

In the blast furnace during iron extraction, what is the primary role of limestone (CaCO3)?

  1. A.It decomposes to CaO, which acts as a flux to remove silica impurities as slag.
  2. B.It reacts directly with iron ore to reduce it to molten iron.
  3. C.It burns with oxygen to provide the high operating temperature.
  4. D.It oxidizes carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide gas.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A It decomposes to CaO, which acts as a flux to remove silica impurities as slag.

ምክንያቱ

Limestone decomposes into calcium oxide (CaO), which reacts with sand/silica (SiO2) to form molten calcium silicate (CaSiO3), known as slag.

ጥያቄ 7

Which setup of electrodes and electrolyte is used during the electrolytic refining of blister copper?

  1. A.Anode: impure copper; Cathode: pure copper; Electrolyte: copper sulphate solution with dilute sulphuric acid
  2. B.Anode: pure copper; Cathode: impure copper; Electrolyte: copper sulphate solution with dilute sulphuric acid
  3. C.Anode: graphite; Cathode: pure copper; Electrolyte: molten copper(I) sulphide
  4. D.Anode: impure copper; Cathode: graphite; Electrolyte: molten sodium chloride
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Anode: impure copper; Cathode: pure copper; Electrolyte: copper sulphate solution with dilute sulphuric acid

ምክንያቱ

During copper refining, a thick block of impure copper serves as the anode, a thin strip of pure copper acts as the cathode, and acidified copper sulphate solution serves as the electrolyte.

ጥያቄ 8

Which statement correctly describes the allotropes of sulphur?

  1. A.Rhombic sulphur is the most stable form, while monoclinic sulphur is stable only above 95.3 °C.
  2. B.Monoclinic sulphur is much denser than rhombic sulphur at room temperature.
  3. C.Rhombic sulphur dissolves easily in water, whereas monoclinic sulphur dissolves only in alcohol.
  4. D.Monoclinic sulphur contains open chains, while rhombic sulphur contains S4 rings.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Rhombic sulphur is the most stable form, while monoclinic sulphur is stable only above 95.3 °C.

ምክንያቱ

Rhombic sulphur (α-sulphur) is the most stable form at room temperature. Monoclinic sulphur (β-sulphur) is stable only above 95.3 °C; below this temperature it converts back to rhombic sulphur.

ጥያቄ 9

A maintenance crew repairing steel parts uses the thermite welding process. Which mixture of substances is ignited in this process?

  1. A.Powdered aluminum and iron(III) oxide
  2. B.Molten aluminum and calcium silicate
  3. C.Powdered iron and aluminum sulphate
  4. D.Coke and iron(II) chloride
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Powdered aluminum and iron(III) oxide

ምክንያቱ

Thermite is a mixture of powdered aluminum and iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3). When ignited, aluminum reduces the iron oxide, producing molten iron at around 3000 °C.

ጥያቄ 10

Which steel-making method forces a mixture of powdered calcium oxide (CaO) and oxygen gas directly onto the surface of molten pig iron, completing the conversion in only 20 to 25 minutes?

  1. A.Basic Oxygen Process
  2. B.Open-hearth Furnace
  3. C.Bessemer Converter
  4. D.Hall-Héroult Process
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Basic Oxygen Process

ምክንያቱ

The Basic Oxygen Process uses a high-speed blow of oxygen gas and powdered CaO directly on molten pig iron. The intense exothermic reactions keep the charge molten and finish the process in 20 to 25 minutes.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 5 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 5 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 201 እስከ ገጽ 236 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 307 ገጾች

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