Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 5 Keemistirii kutaa 10: Meetaalotaafi Noonmeetaalota

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 5 kitaaba Keemistirii kutaa 10 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

Google Play irraa buufadhaa
3
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 5
201–236
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 5

Boqonnaan 5 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Production of Some Important Nonmetals

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 5

Kaardiiwwan fuula Keemistirii kutaa 10 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Adeemsa Contact Process keessatti sadarkaalee oomisha sulfuric acid yeroo barreessitu fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Adeemsa Contact Process keessatti SO3\text{SO}_3 kallattiin bishaan wajjin wal-nyaata jettee hin barreessin. Jalqaba sulfuric acid kuufamaa keessatti dhangala'ee oleum erga uumee booda bishaaniin qallifama.

Grade 10 Chemistry, fuula 201-236 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Mass % of Gold=Carat24×100\text{Mass \% of Gold} = \frac{\text{Carat}}{24} \times 100
Carat\text{Carat}
Safartuu kaaraatii hamma warqee qulqulluu kutaalee kiyuuziiti 24 keessatti argamudimensionless\text{dimensionless}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Gatii kaaraatii kenname irraa dhibbeentaa ulfaatina warqee qulqulluu shallaguuf itti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Warqeen qulqulluun kaaraatii 24 dha. Gatii kaaraatii 100f hin hirin, 24f hiri.

Grade 10 Chemistry, fuula 201-236 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

ElementOre Ijoo ykn MaddaTooftaa Oomisha Warshaa
AluminumAl2O3⋅2H2O\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3\cdot 2\text{H}_2\text{O} (Bauxite)Hall-Héroult process (Electrolysis Na3AlF6\text{Na}_3\text{AlF}_6 wajjin)
IronFe2O3\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3 (Hematite)Blast furnace reduction CO\text{CO} fayyadamuun
CopperCuFeS2\text{CuFeS}_2 (Chalcopyrite)Roasting, smelting, fi electrolytic refining
SulfurKuusaa elemental deposits lafa jalaaFrasch process superheated water fayyadamuun
ChlorineNaCl(aq)\text{NaCl}(\text{aq}) (Brine)Electrolysis concentrated aqueous NaCl\text{NaCl}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Sibiilota fi dhab-sibiilota ijoo ta'aniif madda isaanii fi tooftaa oomishaa adda baasuuf gabatee kana fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Cryolite jedhamu ore aluminiyeemii miti. Qabxii baqinaa 2045 °C irraa gara 1000 °Ctti kan gadi buusu dabaltuu dha.

Grade 10 Chemistry, fuula 201-236 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 5

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

Solder, which is commonly used to join electrical wires and resistances, is an alloy composed of:

  1. A.67% tin and 33% lead
  2. B.87% copper and 13% tin
  3. C.73% iron and 27% nickel
  4. D.92% aluminum and 8% magnesium
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 67% tin and 33% lead

Sababa

According to the textbook, solder (also called fuse metal) has a composition of 67% tin and 33% lead, giving it a lower melting point than pure tin.

Gaaffii 2

According to the reactivity series of metals, which metal is the strongest reducing agent?

  1. A.Potassium
  2. B.Iron
  3. C.Copper
  4. D.Gold
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Potassium

Sababa

Metals at the very top of the reactivity series lose electrons most readily and are the strongest reducing agents. Potassium sits at the top of the series, while gold sits at the bottom as the weakest.

Gaaffii 3

Why is white phosphorus always stored under water in the laboratory?

  1. A.It spontaneously ignites in the presence of oxygen.
  2. B.It dissolves quickly in open air.
  3. C.It reacts rapidly with glass containers.
  4. D.It decomposes into red phosphorus in dry air.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A It spontaneously ignites in the presence of oxygen.

Sababa

White phosphorus is very reactive and bursts into flames spontaneously when exposed to air (oxygen). Storing it under water prevents it from contacting oxygen.

Gaaffii 4

In the industrial extraction of aluminum by the Hall-Héroult process, cryolite (Na3AlF6) is added to aluminum oxide to:

  1. A.reduce its melting point from 2045 °C to 1000 °C
  2. B.convert silica impurities into insoluble silicates
  3. C.prevent the graphite anode from oxidizing
  4. D.act as a chemical reducing agent for aluminum ions
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A reduce its melting point from 2045 °C to 1000 °C

Sababa

Cryolite is added to Al2O3 to lower its extremely high melting point from 2045 °C to 1000 °C and to provide a good electrically conducting medium.

Gaaffii 5

A goldsmith in Addis Ababa crafts traditional jewelry using 18 carat gold. What is the mass percent of pure gold in this 18 carat alloy?

  1. A.75.00%
  2. B.91.67%
  3. C.83.33%
  4. D.67.00%
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 75.00%

Sababa

Pure gold is 24 carats (100%). An 18 carat alloy contains 18 parts gold out of 24 parts by mass: (18 / 24) * 100 = 75.00%.

Gaaffii 6

In the blast furnace during iron extraction, what is the primary role of limestone (CaCO3)?

  1. A.It decomposes to CaO, which acts as a flux to remove silica impurities as slag.
  2. B.It reacts directly with iron ore to reduce it to molten iron.
  3. C.It burns with oxygen to provide the high operating temperature.
  4. D.It oxidizes carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide gas.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A It decomposes to CaO, which acts as a flux to remove silica impurities as slag.

Sababa

Limestone decomposes into calcium oxide (CaO), which reacts with sand/silica (SiO2) to form molten calcium silicate (CaSiO3), known as slag.

Gaaffii 7

Which setup of electrodes and electrolyte is used during the electrolytic refining of blister copper?

  1. A.Anode: impure copper; Cathode: pure copper; Electrolyte: copper sulphate solution with dilute sulphuric acid
  2. B.Anode: pure copper; Cathode: impure copper; Electrolyte: copper sulphate solution with dilute sulphuric acid
  3. C.Anode: graphite; Cathode: pure copper; Electrolyte: molten copper(I) sulphide
  4. D.Anode: impure copper; Cathode: graphite; Electrolyte: molten sodium chloride
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Anode: impure copper; Cathode: pure copper; Electrolyte: copper sulphate solution with dilute sulphuric acid

Sababa

During copper refining, a thick block of impure copper serves as the anode, a thin strip of pure copper acts as the cathode, and acidified copper sulphate solution serves as the electrolyte.

Gaaffii 8

Which statement correctly describes the allotropes of sulphur?

  1. A.Rhombic sulphur is the most stable form, while monoclinic sulphur is stable only above 95.3 °C.
  2. B.Monoclinic sulphur is much denser than rhombic sulphur at room temperature.
  3. C.Rhombic sulphur dissolves easily in water, whereas monoclinic sulphur dissolves only in alcohol.
  4. D.Monoclinic sulphur contains open chains, while rhombic sulphur contains S4 rings.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Rhombic sulphur is the most stable form, while monoclinic sulphur is stable only above 95.3 °C.

Sababa

Rhombic sulphur (α-sulphur) is the most stable form at room temperature. Monoclinic sulphur (β-sulphur) is stable only above 95.3 °C; below this temperature it converts back to rhombic sulphur.

Gaaffii 9

A maintenance crew repairing steel parts uses the thermite welding process. Which mixture of substances is ignited in this process?

  1. A.Powdered aluminum and iron(III) oxide
  2. B.Molten aluminum and calcium silicate
  3. C.Powdered iron and aluminum sulphate
  4. D.Coke and iron(II) chloride
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Powdered aluminum and iron(III) oxide

Sababa

Thermite is a mixture of powdered aluminum and iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3). When ignited, aluminum reduces the iron oxide, producing molten iron at around 3000 °C.

Gaaffii 10

Which steel-making method forces a mixture of powdered calcium oxide (CaO) and oxygen gas directly onto the surface of molten pig iron, completing the conversion in only 20 to 25 minutes?

  1. A.Basic Oxygen Process
  2. B.Open-hearth Furnace
  3. C.Bessemer Converter
  4. D.Hall-Héroult Process
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Basic Oxygen Process

Sababa

The Basic Oxygen Process uses a high-speed blow of oxygen gas and powdered CaO directly on molten pig iron. The intense exothermic reactions keep the charge molten and finish the process in 20 to 25 minutes.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 5

Boqonnaan 5 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 201 hanga fuula 236 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 307

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Keemistirii kutaa 10 hunda

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