የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ10ኛ ክፍል ታሪክ ምዕራፍ 2፦ አፍሪካ እና የቅኝ አገዛዝ ተሞክሮ (1880ዎቹ እስከ 1960ዎቹ)

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ10ኛ ክፍል የታሪክ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 2 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

3
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 2 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 24–43
የምዕራፍ 2 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 2 የሚሸፍነው

1.General Background to Colonialism
2.The Motives of European Colonialism
3.Scramble for Africa and the Berlin Conference
4.Colonial Policies and Administration
5.Company Rule
6.Direct Rule and Assimilation
7.Indirect Rule
8.Settlers Rule
9.Early African Resistance Movements Against
10.West Africa
11.Resistances in East Africa
12.Resistances in South Africa
13.Resistances in North Africa
14.Impacts of Colonial Rule on Africa
15.Political impacts
16.Economic impacts
17.Social impacts

የምዕራፍ 2 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ10ኛ ክፍል የታሪክ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

የቅኝ አገዛዝ አስተዳደር ሥርዓቶች በአፍሪካየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥCompany Rule · Direct Rule and Assimilation · Indirect Rule · +1

ሥርዓት	የአውሮፓ ኃያል	አርቃቂ / ቁልፍ ሰው	ዋና ዋና ባሕርያት
Company Rule	Britain	Cecil Rhodes (B.S.A.C.)	የግል chartered companies ግዛቶችን እስከ 1924 ድረስ አስተዳድረዋል። በገንዘብ እጥረትና በጭካኔ ምክንያት ከሽፏል።
Direct Rule and Assimilation	France, Belgium, Germany, Portugal	Albert Sarrout (France)	የአካባቢውን ተወላጅ ገዢዎች በአውሮፓውያን ተክቷል። የአውሮፓን ቋንቋ እና ባህል ለማስፋፋት ያለመ ነበር። ቅኝ ግዛቶችን እንደ እናት ሀገር አካል አድርጎ ይቆጥር ነበር።
Indirect Rule	Britain	Frederick Lugard	በተወላጅ ባህላዊ መሪዎች እና በባህላዊ ህጎች አማካኝነት አስተዳድሯል። በጣም ርካሽ እና ውጤታማ ዘዴ ተብሎ ተመርጧል።
Settler Rule	Britain, France (Algeria, Kenya, Southern Africa)	White minority settlers	የነጮች ይዞታ የሆኑ እርሻዎችን ለመፍጠር አፍሪካውያንን ለም ከሆነው መሬታቸው በቀጥታ ማፈናቀል። የተፈናቀሉት አፍሪካውያን ዝቅተኛ ደመወዝተኛ ሰራተኞች እና ተከራዮች ሆኑ።

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በአፍሪካ ውስጥ በአውሮፓ ኃያላን የተተገበሩትን የአስተዳደር ሞዴሎች፣ ቁልፍ አርቃቂዎችን እና የአሠራር ዘዴዎችን ለማወዳደር ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የፈረንሳይን የማስመሰል (assimilation) ፖሊሲ ከትብብር (association) ጋር አያምታቱ፣ ወይም ብሪታንያ የቀጥታ አገዛዝን ተጠቅማለች ብለው እንዳያስቡ።

ከGrade 10 History፣ ገጽ 24-44 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የበርሊን ጉባኤ ዋና ዋና ድንጋጌዎች ከ1884 እስከ 1885የማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥEffective Occupation (Article 35) · Doctrine of the Sphere of Influence (Article 34) · Congo Free State · +1

መርሕ / ውሳኔ	በጠቅላላ ስምምነቱ የተገለጹ ውሎች	ታሪካዊ ውጤት
Effective Occupation (Article 35)	አንድ ኃይል ከአካባቢው ገዢዎች ጋር ስምምነቶችን መፈረም፣ ሰንደቅ ዓላማውን መስቀል፣ እና ሥርዓትን ለማስጠበቅ ከፖሊስ ጋር አስተዳደር ማቋቋም አለበት።	የአውሮፓ አገራት ወታደሮችን እንዲያሰማሩ እና የአፍሪካን ውስጣዊ ክፍል በፍጥነት እንዲቆጣጠሩ አስገድዷቸዋል።
Doctrine of the Sphere of Influence (Article 34)	ማንኛውም አዲስ የባህር ዳርቻ መሬት ይዞታ ለሌሎች ፈራሚ ኃይሎች በይፋ ማሳወቅ አለበት።	የአፍሪካን ድንበሮች በሚከፋፍሉበት ወቅት በአውሮፓ ኃያላን መካከል ጦርነት እንዳይነሳ ከልክሏል።
Congo Free State	የ Congo basin የ Belgium ንጉሥ King Leopold II የግል ንብረት ሆኖ እውቅና አግኝቷል።	የአካባቢውን የ Congolese ሕዝብ ለቀጥታ ኢኮኖሚያዊ ብዝበዛ እና ለ forced labour ዳርጓል።
Free Navigation	በ Niger እና Congo ወንዞች ላይ ነፃ ንግድ እና ክፍት navigation ዋስትና ተሰጥቷል።	በመካከለኛው እና በምዕራብ አፍሪካ የውሃ መስመሮች ላይ ዓለም አቀፍ የንግድ ተደራሽነትን ፈቅዷል።

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የአፍሪካን ቅርጫ የወሰኑትን ዓለም አቀፍ መርሆዎች፣ ስምምነቶች እና ጂኦፖለቲካዊ ውጤቶች ለመከለስ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

በበርሊን ጉባኤ ላይ ምንም ዓይነት አፍሪካዊ አልተሳተፈም፤ የኮንጎ ነጻ ሀገርም ለቤልጂየም መንግሥት ሳይሆን ለንጉሥ ሊዮፖልድ 2ኛ በግል የተሰጠ ነበር።

ከGrade 10 History፣ ገጽ 24-44 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የቀደሙት የአፍሪካውያን የመቋቋም እንቅስቃሴዎችየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥAhmadu Seku · Samori Ture · Asantehene Prempe · +3

መሪ / እንቅስቃሴ	ቀጣና	የቅኝ ገዥ ኃይል	ዋና ባሕርያት እና ውጤት
Ahmadu Seku	Tukulor Empire (West Africa)	France	ዲፕሎማሲን እና በመቀጠል የታጠቀ ተቃውሞን ተጠቅሟል። ተሸንፎ Sokoto ውስጥ በስደት ሞተ።
Samori Ture	Mandinka Empire (West Africa)	France	ከ 1882 እስከ 1898 ድረስ በነበረው ረጅም ጦርነት 30,000 ጠንካራ ሠራዊትን መርቷል። ተማርኮ በ 1900 ወደ Gabon በስደት ተላከ።
Asantehene Prempe	Asante Kingdom (Gold Coast, Ghana)	Britain	በ British መስፋፋት ላይ የታጠቀ ተቃውሞ አድርጓል። ተሸንፏል፣ ይህም በ 1900 Gold Coast በ British እንድትጠቃለል ምክንያት ሆኗል።
Kinjikitle Ngwale (Maji Maji)	Tanganyika (German East Africa)	Germany	በግዴታ የጥጥ እርሻ ምክንያት የተቀሰቀሰ የብዝሃ-ብሔር አመጽ (ከ 1905 እስከ 1907)። በ German scorched earth tactics ተደመሰሰ።
Samuel Maharero and Hendrik Witbooi	South West Africa (Namibia)	Germany	የመሬት ነጠቃን በመቃወም የተነሱ የ Herero (1904) እና Nama (1905) አመጾች። ሁለቱም አመጾች ተደምስሰዋል።
Urabi Pasha	Egypt (North Africa)	Britain	የሁለትዮሽ የውጭ ቁጥጥርን በመቃወም በ 1881 የተደረገ የብሔርተኝነት አመጽ። በ 1882 የ British ወታደሮች Cairoን ሲቆጣጠሩ ተሸነፈ።

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በአውሮፓ መስፋፋት ላይ በተደረጉ የቀደሙ የትጥቅ ትግሎች ውስጥ የተሳተፉ መሪዎችን፣ ቀጣናዎችን እና ቅኝ ገዥ ኃይላትን ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የማጂ ማጂ አመጽ በታንጋኒካ በጀርመን ቅኝ አገዛዝ ላይ የተካሄደ እንጂ ከእንግሊዝ ጋር የተደረገ አልነበረም።

ከGrade 10 History፣ ገጽ 24-44 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 2 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

What was the term legitimate trade used to describe in nineteenth-century Africa?

A.The illegal trade of enslaved people across the Sahara
B.The exchange of African raw materials for European manufactured goods
C.The trade conducted exclusively between independent African kingdoms
D.The bartering of weapons for gold along the Nile River

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The exchange of African raw materials for European manufactured goods

ምክንያቱ

Following the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade, legitimate commerce referred to the commodity trade where African raw products, especially cash crops, were exchanged for European manufactured goods.

ጥያቄ 2

Who presided as the leader of the Berlin Conference held between 1884 and 1885?

A.King Leopold II
B.Cecil Rhodes
C.Otto von Bismarck
D.Frederick Lugard

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Otto von Bismarck

ምክንያቱ

The German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck led the Berlin Conference in Germany to establish rules among European powers for the partition of Africa.

ጥያቄ 3

Who was the main architect of the British policy of indirect rule in Africa?

A.Frederick Lugard
B.Albert Sarrout
C.Rudyard Kipling
D.H.M. Stanley

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Frederick Lugard

ምክንያቱ

Frederick Lugard was the architect of British indirect rule, which he practiced in Nigeria and British East Africa and described in his 1922 book.

ጥያቄ 4

Which leader inspired the Maji Maji Uprising (1905-1907) against German colonial rule in Tanganyika?

A.Urabi Pasha
B.Kinjikitle Ngwale
C.Ahmadu Seku
D.Samuel Maharero

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Kinjikitle Ngwale

ምክንያቱ

The Maji Maji Uprising in Tanganyika was led by the prophet Kinjikitle Ngwale, who taught followers that sacred water would turn enemy bullets into water.

ጥያቄ 5

According to the textbook, what was the primary role of most European explorers who arrived in Africa after the 1850s?

A.They were purely scientific researchers seeking geography data
B.They were agents acting on behalf of European governments
C.They were independent merchants buying agricultural land
D.They were medical volunteers treating tropical diseases

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B They were agents acting on behalf of European governments

ምክንያቱ

While explorers before the 1850s were largely inspired by scientific inquiry, a considerable number of explorers arriving after the 1850s served as European government agents.

ጥያቄ 6

Under the principle of effective occupation adopted at the Berlin Conference, what did a European power need to do to claim rights over African territory?

A.Establish direct sea trade routes with the Red Sea coast
B.Convert more than half of the indigenous population to Christianity
C.Sign treaties, fly its flag, and establish an administration with a police force
D.Build a transcontinental railway through the territory

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Sign treaties, fly its flag, and establish an administration with a police force

ምክንያቱ

Article 35 of the General Act required colonial powers to show effective possession through treaties with local leaders, flying their flag, and setting up an administrative and police presence.

ጥያቄ 7

Which three territories were administered under company rule by the British South Africa Company (BSAC) until 1924?

A.Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia, and Southern Rhodesia
B.Togo, Cameroon, and Tanganyika
C.Kenya, Uganda, and Zanzibar
D.Angola, Mozambique, and South West Africa

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia, and Southern Rhodesia

ምክንያቱ

The British South Africa Company, under John Cecil Rhodes, governed Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia, and Southern Rhodesia until 1924.

ጥያቄ 8

In North Africa, which leader commanded the 1881 revolt against British and French dual control in Egypt?

A.Khedive Ismael Pasha
B.Hendrik Witbooi
C.Colonel Urabi Pasha
D.Samori Ture

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Colonel Urabi Pasha

ምክንያቱ

In 1881, the Egyptian people revolted against British and French dominance under the leadership of Colonel Urabi Pasha.

ጥያቄ 9

What was the core principle of the French colonial policy of assimilation designed by Albert Sarrout?

A.Relying on traditional customary law and local chiefs to rule
B.Extending French language, laws, and culture on the assumption of French superiority
C.Cooperating with African rulers as equal partners without changing their customs
D.Allowing private charter companies to manage all judicial affairs

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Extending French language, laws, and culture on the assumption of French superiority

ምክንያቱ

French assimilation was based on the belief in the superiority of French culture, assuming that through French education and culture, Africans could become French citizens.

ጥያቄ 10

Which two leaders headed the 1904 and 1905 anti-colonial rebellions against German rule in South West Africa (Namibia)?