የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ12ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ ምዕራፍ 1፦ የማክሮኢኮኖሚክስ መሠረታዊ ፅንሰ ሀሳቦች

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ12ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 1 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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የምዕራፍ 1 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
2–25
የምዕራፍ 1 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 1 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.Definition and Focus Areas of Macroeconomics Revisited
  2. 2.Definition of Macroeconomics
  3. 3.The Focus Areas of Macroeconomics
  4. 4.Key Challenges in Macroeconomics
  5. 5.Economic Growth
  6. 6.Inflation
  7. 7.Unemployment
  8. 8.Business Cycle
  9. 9.Balance of Trade
  10. 10.The Schools of Thought in Macroeconomic Analysis
  11. 11.Evolution and Recent Developments
  12. 12.The Classical and Neoclassical
  13. 13.Keynesian
  14. 14.Monetarist
  15. 15.New Classical
  16. 16.New Keynesian

የምዕራፍ 1 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ12ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የሥራ አጥነት ምጣኔን ከጠቅላላ የሕዝብ ብዛት መረጃዎች ላይ ሲያሰሉ ስህተትን ለማረም ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

የሥራ አጦች ቁጥርን ለጠቅላላ የሕዝብ ብዛት አያካፍሉ። አካፋዩ ሁልጊዜ የሰው ኃይል (ተቀጣሪዎች + ሥራ አጦች) ብቻ መሆን አለበት።

ከGrade 12 Economics፣ ገጽ 2-25 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Inflation Rate=CPI2−CPI1CPI1×100\text{Inflation Rate} = \frac{\text{CPI}_2 - \text{CPI}_1}{\text{CPI}_1} \times 100
Inflation Rate\text{Inflation Rate}
የአጠቃላይ ዋጋ ደረጃ የመቶኛ ለውጥ%\%
CPI2\text{CPI}_2
የአሁኑ ወቅት የሸማቾች ዋጋ መረጃ ጠቋሚdimensionless\text{dimensionless}
CPI1\text{CPI}_1
የመነሻ ወይም ያለፈው ወቅት የሸማቾች ዋጋ መረጃ ጠቋሚdimensionless\text{dimensionless}

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የሸማቾች ዋጋ መረጃ ጠቋሚዎችን በመጠቀም ዓመታዊ ወይም ወቅታዊ የዋጋ ግሽበትን ወይም የዋጋ ቅነሳን ለማስላት ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

ሁልጊዜ ለቀደመው ወቅት መረጃ CPI_1 ያካፍሉ እንጂ ለአዲሱ CPI_2 አያካፍሉ። ውጤቱ አሉታዊ ከሆነ የዋጋ ቅነሳ (deflation) ያሳያል።

ከGrade 12 Economics፣ ገጽ 2-25 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የኢኮኖሚክስ አስተሳሰብዋና አንቀሳቃሽ ኃይልየዋጋ ባህርይየፖሊሲ መፍትሔ
ClassicalAggregate supplyሙሉ በሙሉ flexibleHands off, ገበያው ራሱን በራሱ ያስተካክላል
KeynesianAggregate demandSticky wages እና pricesActive fiscal policy
MonetaristMoney supplyበ long run ውስጥ flexible የሆነየ money supply እድገትን መቆጣጠር

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በተለያዩ የማክሮ ኢኮኖሚክስ አስተሳሰቦች መካከል ያሉትን መሠረታዊ ግምቶች እና የፖሊሲ አማራጮች ለማነጻጸር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

ኬይንሲያኖች በዋጋ አለመቀያየር ምክንያት የበጀት ፖሊሲን ሲመርጡ፣ ሞኒተሪስቶች ግን የበጀት መስፋፋት የግል ኢንቨስትመንትን ይገፋል ብለው ያምናሉ።

ከGrade 12 Economics፣ ገጽ 2-25 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

GNP=GDP+NFI\text{GNP} = \text{GDP} + \text{NFI}
GNP\text{GNP}
ጠቅላላ ብሔራዊ ምርትETB\text{ETB}
GDP\text{GDP}
ጠቅላላ የሀገር ውስጥ ምርትETB\text{ETB}
NFI\text{NFI}
ከውጭ የተገኘ የተጣራ የምርት ክፍያ ገቢETB\text{ETB}

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ከውጭ የተገኘውን የተጣራ ገቢ በመጠቀም ጠቅላላ የሀገር ውስጥ ምርትን ወደ ጠቅላላ ብሔራዊ ምርት ለመቀየር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

ለዜጎች ከውጭ ከሚገባው ይልቅ ለውጭ ሀገር ዜጎች የሚከፈለው የገቢ ክፍያ ከበለጠ NFI አሉታዊ ሊሆን ይችላል።

ከGrade 12 Economics፣ ገጽ 2-25 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Unemployment Rate=UnemployedLabour Force×100\text{Unemployment Rate} = \frac{\text{Unemployed}}{\text{Labour Force}} \times 100
Unemployment Rate\text{Unemployment Rate}
ከጠቅላላ የሰው ኃይል ውስጥ ሥራ የሌለው የሕዝብ ክፍል መቶኛ%\%
Unemployed\text{Unemployed}
ሥራ ፈልገው ያላገኙ ሰዎች ቁጥርpeople\text{people}
Labour Force\text{Labour Force}
አጠቃላይ የሰው ኃይል (ተቀጣሪዎች ሲደመሩ ሥራ አጦች)people\text{people}

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ከሰው ኃይል ውስጥ ሥራ ፈልገው ነገር ግን ሥራ ያላገኙትን ወገኖች ድርሻ ለማስላት ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

እንደ ተማሪዎች፣ ጡረተኞች እና ሕፃናት ያሉ ከሰው ኃይል ውጪ የሆኑትን በአካፋዩ ውስጥ አያካትቱ።

ከGrade 12 Economics፣ ገጽ 2-25 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 1 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

According to the textbook, macroeconomics emerged as a distinct branch of economics following the 1936 publication of a book by which economist?

  1. A.Adam Smith
  2. B.Milton Friedman
  3. C.John Maynard Keynes
  4. D.Alfred Marshall
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C John Maynard Keynes

ምክንያቱ

Macroeconomics emerged after John Maynard Keynes published his influential book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, in 1936.

ጥያቄ 2

According to Ethiopian labour law, which age group is classified as the economically active or working-age population?

  1. A.14 to 60 years
  2. B.18 to 65 years
  3. C.15 to 64 years
  4. D.21 to 60 years
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A 14 to 60 years

ምክንያቱ

In Ethiopia, the population aged 14 to 60 is defined as the economically active or working-age population, while formal employment requires a minimum age of 18.

ጥያቄ 3

What type of inflation occurs when the general price level rises persistently at a slow rate of 3 percent or less per year?

  1. A.Walking inflation
  2. B.Creeping inflation
  3. C.Galloping inflation
  4. D.Running inflation
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Creeping inflation

ምክንያቱ

Creeping inflation is a moderate rise in prices that occurs slowly at a rate of 3 percent or less per year.

ጥያቄ 4

What are the four distinct phases of a business cycle in correct order?

  1. A.Expansion, peak, contraction, and trough
  2. B.Peak, expansion, trough, and contraction
  3. C.Trough, contraction, peak, and expansion
  4. D.Contraction, peak, expansion, and trough
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Expansion, peak, contraction, and trough

ምክንያቱ

A business cycle moves through four distinct phases: expansion (growth), peak (highest point), contraction (decline), and trough (lowest bottom point).

ጥያቄ 5

In a market in Bahir Dar, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) was 120 in 2014 E.C. and rose to 150 in 2015 E.C. What was the annual inflation rate?

  1. A.20 percent
  2. B.25 percent
  3. C.30 percent
  4. D.35 percent
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 25 percent

ምክንያቱ

Inflation rate is calculated as: [(CPI in year 2 - CPI in year 1) / CPI in year 1] * 100. Here, [(150 - 120) / 120] * 100 = (30 / 120) * 100 = 25%.

ጥያቄ 6

A new college graduate in Hawassa is actively searching for her first job and is temporarily without work while attending interviews. What type of unemployment is this?

  1. A.Cyclical unemployment
  2. B.Structural unemployment
  3. C.Frictional unemployment
  4. D.Disguised unemployment
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Frictional unemployment

ምክንያቱ

Frictional unemployment occurs when individuals enter the workforce for the first time or spend time searching and moving between jobs to match with employers.

ጥያቄ 7

Under the expenditure approach, how is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) calculated?

  1. A.Wages + Salaries + Rental income + Profit
  2. B.Personal consumption (C) + Gross private investment (I) + Government purchases (G) + Net exports (NE)
  3. C.Gross National Product (GNP) + Net Factor Income from abroad (NFI)
  4. D.Total agricultural output + Total industrial output - Subsidies
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Personal consumption (C) + Gross private investment (I) + Government purchases (G) + Net exports (NE)

ምክንያቱ

The expenditure approach sums all final spending in the economy: personal consumption (C), gross private domestic investment (I), government purchases (G), and net exports (NE).

ጥያቄ 8

According to John Maynard Keynes, why does an economy adjust slowly to shifts in aggregate demand during economic downturns?

  1. A.Because of sticky wages and prices
  2. B.Because money supply expands uncontrollably
  3. C.Because tax rates automatically fall to zero
  4. D.Because workers refuse to consume any goods
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Because of sticky wages and prices

ምክንያቱ

Keynes argued that the economy adjusts slowly to falls in aggregate demand because wages and prices are sticky, meaning they do not drop quickly to restore market balance.

ጥያቄ 9

Suppose a nation has a GDP of 500 billion birr. Its citizens earn 40 billion birr from work abroad, while foreign citizens earn 60 billion birr inside the country. What is the nation Gross National Product (GNP)?

  1. A.520 billion birr
  2. B.480 billion birr
  3. C.560 billion birr
  4. D.440 billion birr
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 480 billion birr

ምክንያቱ

GNP is calculated as GDP + NFI. Net Factor Income (NFI) = factor income received from abroad (40 billion) - factor income paid abroad (60 billion) = -20 billion birr. Therefore, GNP = 500 + (-20) = 480 billion birr.

ጥያቄ 10

Which of the following is a key reason why real GDP is commonly understated in developing countries?

  1. A.Environmental pollution costs are deducted from GDP calculations.
  2. B.A large portion of output comes from subsistence farming and is not reported in market accounts.
  3. C.Developing countries calculate national output using real per capita income only.
  4. D.Import taxes artificially inflate domestic consumption records.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B A large portion of output comes from subsistence farming and is not reported in market accounts.

ምክንያቱ

In developing nations, real GDP is understated because many citizens are subsistence farmers who consume their own output, and non-monetary sector transactions are often omitted from official accounts.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 1 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 1 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 2 እስከ ገጽ 25 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 214 ገጾች

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ሁሉም የ12ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

ይህን ምዕራፍ በመተግበሪያው ይለማመዱ

Temari ይህን ምዕራፍ ወደ ጊዜ የተቆረጠለት መልመጃ ይለውጠዋል፣ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል፤ ያልገባዎትንም የሚያብራራ የ AI አስተማሪ አለ።

በነጻ ይጀምሩ

Temari.et ለ Android ስልኮች መተግበሪያ አለው፤ በ Google Play ላይ በነጻ ይገኛል።

ከ Google Play ያውርዱስለ Temari መተግበሪያ
ይግቡመለያዎን ይክፈቱ