Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 1 Diinagdee kutaa 12: Yaadrimeewwan Bu'uuraa Macroeconomics

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 1 kitaaba Diinagdee kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

Google Play irraa buufadhaa
5
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 1
2–25
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 1

Boqonnaan 1 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Definition and Focus Areas of Macroeconomics Revisited
  2. 2.Definition of Macroeconomics
  3. 3.The Focus Areas of Macroeconomics
  4. 4.Key Challenges in Macroeconomics
  5. 5.Economic Growth
  6. 6.Inflation
  7. 7.Unemployment
  8. 8.Business Cycle
  9. 9.Balance of Trade
  10. 10.The Schools of Thought in Macroeconomic Analysis
  11. 11.Evolution and Recent Developments
  12. 12.The Classical and Neoclassical
  13. 13.Keynesian
  14. 14.Monetarist
  15. 15.New Classical
  16. 16.New Keynesian

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 1

Kaardiiwwan fuula Diinagdee kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Reeshiyoo hojii dhabdummaa ragaalee uummataa irraa shallaguuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Baay'ina hojii dhabdootaa uummata waliigalaatiif hin qoodinaa. Qoodaan yeroo hunda Humna Hojii (Hojjettoota + Hojii Dhabdoota) qofa ta'uu qaba.

Grade 12 Economics, fuula 2-25 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Inflation Rate=CPI2−CPI1CPI1×100\text{Inflation Rate} = \frac{\text{CPI}_2 - \text{CPI}_1}{\text{CPI}_1} \times 100
Inflation Rate\text{Inflation Rate}
Jijjiirama dhibbeentaa sadarkaa gatii waliigalaa%\%
CPI2\text{CPI}_2
Kallattii gatii fayyadamtootaa yeroo ammaadimensionless\text{dimensionless}
CPI1\text{CPI}_1
Kallattii gatii fayyadamtootaa yeroo darbeedimensionless\text{dimensionless}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Kallattii gatii fayyadamtootaa irraa reeshiyoo gatii olka'iinsaa ykn gadi bu'iinsaa shallaguuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Yeroo hunda CPI_1 isa darbeetiif qoodaa malee isa ammaa CPI_2 tiif miti. Firiin negaatiivii ta'uu gadi bu'iinsa gatii agarsiisa.

Grade 12 Economics, fuula 2-25 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Manna YaadaaDhiibbaa GuddaaAmala GatiiGorsa Imaammataa
ClassicalAggregate supplyGuutummaatti flexibleHands off, gabaan ofiin of sirreessa
KeynesianAggregate demandSticky wages fi pricesActive fiscal policy
MonetaristMoney supplyLong run keessatti flexible kan ta'eGuddina money supply to'achuu

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yaad-hiddama bu'uuraa fi imaammata manneen yaadaa garaagaraa gidduu jiru adda baasuuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Keensiyaanotni imaammata faayinaansiitti yoo amanan, Moonitariistotni garuu inni investimantii dhuunfaa ni dhiiba jedhu.

Grade 12 Economics, fuula 2-25 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

GNP=GDP+NFI\text{GNP} = \text{GDP} + \text{NFI}
GNP\text{GNP}
Oomisha Waliigalaa BiyyaalessaaETB\text{ETB}
GDP\text{GDP}
Oomisha Waliigalaa Biyya KeessaaETB\text{ETB}
NFI\text{NFI}
Galii qabeenyaa qulqulluu biyya alaa irraa argameETB\text{ETB}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Galii qulqulluu biyya alaa irraa argamutti fayyadamuun Oomisha Biyya Keessaa gara Oomisha Biyyaalessaatti jijjiiruuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Galiin lammiileen biyya alaa irraa argatan kan kaffaltii biyya alaa gadi yoo ta'e NFI'n negaatiivii ta'uu danda'a.

Grade 12 Economics, fuula 2-25 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Unemployment Rate=UnemployedLabour Force×100\text{Unemployment Rate} = \frac{\text{Unemployed}}{\text{Labour Force}} \times 100
Unemployment Rate\text{Unemployment Rate}
Dhibbeentaa humna hojii keessaa kanneen hojii hin qabne%\%
Unemployed\text{Unemployed}
Baay'ina namoota hojii barbaadanii dhabaniipeople\text{people}
Labour Force\text{Labour Force}
Humna hojii waliigalaa (hojjettoota dabaluu hojii dhabdoota)people\text{people}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Humna hojii keessaa qooda namoota hojii barbaadanii dhabanii shallaguuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Namoota humna hojiitiin alaa kan akka barattootaa, soorata baatootaa fi daa'imman qoodaa keessatti hin dabalinaa.

Grade 12 Economics, fuula 2-25 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 1

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

According to the textbook, macroeconomics emerged as a distinct branch of economics following the 1936 publication of a book by which economist?

  1. A.Adam Smith
  2. B.Milton Friedman
  3. C.John Maynard Keynes
  4. D.Alfred Marshall
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C John Maynard Keynes

Sababa

Macroeconomics emerged after John Maynard Keynes published his influential book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, in 1936.

Gaaffii 2

According to Ethiopian labour law, which age group is classified as the economically active or working-age population?

  1. A.14 to 60 years
  2. B.18 to 65 years
  3. C.15 to 64 years
  4. D.21 to 60 years
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 14 to 60 years

Sababa

In Ethiopia, the population aged 14 to 60 is defined as the economically active or working-age population, while formal employment requires a minimum age of 18.

Gaaffii 3

What type of inflation occurs when the general price level rises persistently at a slow rate of 3 percent or less per year?

  1. A.Walking inflation
  2. B.Creeping inflation
  3. C.Galloping inflation
  4. D.Running inflation
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Creeping inflation

Sababa

Creeping inflation is a moderate rise in prices that occurs slowly at a rate of 3 percent or less per year.

Gaaffii 4

What are the four distinct phases of a business cycle in correct order?

  1. A.Expansion, peak, contraction, and trough
  2. B.Peak, expansion, trough, and contraction
  3. C.Trough, contraction, peak, and expansion
  4. D.Contraction, peak, expansion, and trough
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Expansion, peak, contraction, and trough

Sababa

A business cycle moves through four distinct phases: expansion (growth), peak (highest point), contraction (decline), and trough (lowest bottom point).

Gaaffii 5

In a market in Bahir Dar, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) was 120 in 2014 E.C. and rose to 150 in 2015 E.C. What was the annual inflation rate?

  1. A.20 percent
  2. B.25 percent
  3. C.30 percent
  4. D.35 percent
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 25 percent

Sababa

Inflation rate is calculated as: [(CPI in year 2 - CPI in year 1) / CPI in year 1] * 100. Here, [(150 - 120) / 120] * 100 = (30 / 120) * 100 = 25%.

Gaaffii 6

A new college graduate in Hawassa is actively searching for her first job and is temporarily without work while attending interviews. What type of unemployment is this?

  1. A.Cyclical unemployment
  2. B.Structural unemployment
  3. C.Frictional unemployment
  4. D.Disguised unemployment
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Frictional unemployment

Sababa

Frictional unemployment occurs when individuals enter the workforce for the first time or spend time searching and moving between jobs to match with employers.

Gaaffii 7

Under the expenditure approach, how is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) calculated?

  1. A.Wages + Salaries + Rental income + Profit
  2. B.Personal consumption (C) + Gross private investment (I) + Government purchases (G) + Net exports (NE)
  3. C.Gross National Product (GNP) + Net Factor Income from abroad (NFI)
  4. D.Total agricultural output + Total industrial output - Subsidies
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Personal consumption (C) + Gross private investment (I) + Government purchases (G) + Net exports (NE)

Sababa

The expenditure approach sums all final spending in the economy: personal consumption (C), gross private domestic investment (I), government purchases (G), and net exports (NE).

Gaaffii 8

According to John Maynard Keynes, why does an economy adjust slowly to shifts in aggregate demand during economic downturns?

  1. A.Because of sticky wages and prices
  2. B.Because money supply expands uncontrollably
  3. C.Because tax rates automatically fall to zero
  4. D.Because workers refuse to consume any goods
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Because of sticky wages and prices

Sababa

Keynes argued that the economy adjusts slowly to falls in aggregate demand because wages and prices are sticky, meaning they do not drop quickly to restore market balance.

Gaaffii 9

Suppose a nation has a GDP of 500 billion birr. Its citizens earn 40 billion birr from work abroad, while foreign citizens earn 60 billion birr inside the country. What is the nation Gross National Product (GNP)?

  1. A.520 billion birr
  2. B.480 billion birr
  3. C.560 billion birr
  4. D.440 billion birr
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 480 billion birr

Sababa

GNP is calculated as GDP + NFI. Net Factor Income (NFI) = factor income received from abroad (40 billion) - factor income paid abroad (60 billion) = -20 billion birr. Therefore, GNP = 500 + (-20) = 480 billion birr.

Gaaffii 10

Which of the following is a key reason why real GDP is commonly understated in developing countries?

  1. A.Environmental pollution costs are deducted from GDP calculations.
  2. B.A large portion of output comes from subsistence farming and is not reported in market accounts.
  3. C.Developing countries calculate national output using real per capita income only.
  4. D.Import taxes artificially inflate domestic consumption records.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B A large portion of output comes from subsistence farming and is not reported in market accounts.

Sababa

In developing nations, real GDP is understated because many citizens are subsistence farmers who consume their own output, and non-monetary sector transactions are often omitted from official accounts.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 1

Boqonnaan 1 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 2 hanga fuula 25 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 214

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Diinagdee kutaa 12 hunda

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