የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ12ኛ ክፍል ጂኦግራፊ ምዕራፍ 5፦ የኢኮኖሚ ልማት ተግዳሮቶች

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ12ኛ ክፍል የጂኦግራፊ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 5 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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የምዕራፍ 5 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
124–152
የምዕራፍ 5 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 5 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.Multiple Faces of Poverty and Implication to Development
  2. 2.The Advantages and Disadvantage of Globalization
  3. 3.The Growing Imbalance between Regions and Countries
  4. 4.Corruption
  5. 5.Global Health Crises

የምዕራፍ 5 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ12ኛ ክፍል የጂኦግራፊ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

ዘርፍዋና መገለጫየከፍተኛ ደረጃ ቅርጽ
Bribery (ጉቦ)ውሳኔዎች ላይ ተፅዕኖ ለማሳደር ለመንግሥት ባለሥልጣናት የሚከፈሉ ክፍያዎችKick-backs
Theft of public assets (የሕዝብ ሀብት ስርቆት)Embezzlement፣ የታክስ ስወራ፣ ወይም የመንግሥት ገንዘብን አላግባብ ማዞርKleptocracy
Patronageየሕዝብ ሀብትን በመመደብ ረገድ የሚታይ Favoritism እና nepotismCrony capitalism

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የሙስና ድርጊቶችን በጉቦ፣ በመንግሥት ሀብት ስርቆት ወይም በአድሏዊነት ለመመደብ እና ከፍተኛ የስያሜ ቅርጾቻቸውን ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

በባለስልጣናት የሚፈጸም መጠነ-ሰፊ የመንግሥት ሀብት ዘረፋ ክሌፕቶክራሲ ሲባል፣ የመንግሥት ውሎችንና ጥቅሞችን ለደጋፊዎች መስጠት ደግሞ ክሮኒ ካፒታሊዝም ይባላል።

ከGrade 12 Geography፣ ገጽ 124-152 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የሀገራትን የኢኮኖሚ አለመመጣጠን (ጂኒ) እና የሙስና ደረጃ (ሲፒአይ) በቁጥር ለመተንተን ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የመለኪያዎችን አቅጣጫ አያዛቡ። የጂኒ ውጤት 0 ፍጹም እኩልነትን እንዲሁም 1 (ወይም 100%) ከፍተኛ አለመመጣጠንን ሲያሳይ፣ የሲፒአይ ውጤት 0 እጅግ ከፍተኛ ሙስናን እና 100 ደግሞ ከሙስና የጸዳ መሆንን ያመለክታል።

ከGrade 12 Geography፣ ገጽ 124-152 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

ዓይነትየገቢ ደረጃዋና መገለጫ
Absolute povertyከመተዳደሪያ ወለል (subsistence threshold) በታችመሰረታዊ የህልውና ፍላጎቶችን ማሟላት አይችልም፣ በ GDP እድገት የማይነካ
Relative povertyከአማካይ ገቢ < 50%መሰረታዊ ፍላጎቶችን ያሟላል ነገር ግን ደረጃቸውን የጠበቁ የማህበረሰብ ምቾቶች ይጎድሉታል
Persistent povertyከአማካይ በታች ከ 50% እስከ 60%በተከታታይ ከሚመጡ 3 ዓመታት ውስጥ ለ 2 ዓመታት የሚቆይ ዝቅተኛ ገቢ

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ፍጹም፣ አንጻራዊ እና ቀጣይነት ያለው ድህነትን በገቢ መጠን እና በኑሮ ደረጃ መስፈርቶች ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

አንጻራዊ ድህነት ከሀገሪቱ የኢኮኖሚ እድገት ጋር አብሮ የሚለዋወጥ ሲሆን፣ ፍጹማዊ ድህነት ግን አጠቃላይ ኢኮኖሚው ቢያድግም ከመሰረታዊ የኑሮ መስመር በታች ጸንቶ ይቆያል።

ከGrade 12 Geography፣ ገጽ 124-152 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 5 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

What type of poverty is defined as a condition where a household receives 50 percent less than the average household income of a country?

  1. A.Absolute poverty
  2. B.Relative poverty
  3. C.Structural poverty
  4. D.Natural poverty
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Relative poverty

ምክንያቱ

Relative poverty occurs when households receive 50 percent less than average household incomes, meaning they have some money but cannot afford the standard of living enjoyed by the rest of society.

ጥያቄ 2

On the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) published by Transparency International, what does a score of 0 represent?

  1. A.Least corrupt
  2. B.Most corrupt
  3. C.Perfect economic equality
  4. D.High human development
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Most corrupt

ምክንያቱ

Scores on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) are measured on a scale from zero (most corrupt) to 100 (least corrupt).

ጥያቄ 3

According to the textbook, how much does malaria cost the African continent each year in lost economic productivity?

  1. A.Around 12 million dollars
  2. B.Around 500 million dollars
  3. C.Around 12 billion dollars
  4. D.Around 3.2 trillion dollars
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Around 12 billion dollars

ምክንያቱ

Malaria is a leading cause of child mortality in Africa and costs the continent around $12 billion in lost productivity each year.

ጥያቄ 4

When skilled Ethiopian professionals such as medical doctors, engineers, and scientists migrate abroad for higher wages, it is a major drawback of globalization known as:

  1. A.Decreasing skilled labor in developing countries
  2. B.Expanding trade surplus
  3. C.Decreasing capital liquidity
  4. D.Eliminating cultural barriers
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Decreasing skilled labor in developing countries

ምክንያቱ

Globalized competition often leads to brain drain, where highly educated professionals migrate to developed countries for better wages, leading to a decrease in skilled labor in developing countries.

ጥያቄ 5

When a family receives 50 to 60 percent less than average income in 2 out of every 3 years, which concept describes their condition?

  1. A.Persistent poverty
  2. B.Absolute poverty
  3. C.Behavioral poverty
  4. D.Transitory poverty
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Persistent poverty

ምክንያቱ

Persistent poverty is specifically defined as the condition when households receive 50 or 60 percent less income than average incomes every 2 out of 3 years.

ጥያቄ 6

Which term describes systematic theft of public assets on a grand scale by high-ranking public officials?

  1. A.Patronage
  2. B.Kleptocracy
  3. C.Crony capitalism
  4. D.Kick-backs
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Kleptocracy

ምክንያቱ

Systematic theft at a grand scale by high public officials is called kleptocracy. Crony capitalism refers to systematic patronage with large stakes.

ጥያቄ 7

When measuring income inequality, what does a Gini coefficient of 0 indicate?

  1. A.Maximal inequality
  2. B.Perfect equality
  3. C.Extreme trade imbalance
  4. D.A negative trade balance
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Perfect equality

ምክንያቱ

A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality (where all income values are the same), whereas a Gini coefficient of 1 reflects maximal inequality.

ጥያቄ 8

Which approach argues that poverty is created by systemic problems such as low wages, discrimination, and inadequate investment in education and healthcare?

  1. A.The behavioral approach
  2. B.The cultural approach
  3. C.The structural approach
  4. D.The Malthusian approach
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C The structural approach

ምክንያቱ

The structural approach points to systemic reasons for poverty, such as institutional discrimination, low wages, and failure to invest in social insurance, education, and health care.

ጥያቄ 9

According to the convergence hypothesis, why are developing countries expected to grow faster than developed ones?

  1. A.They spend more money on public health than advanced nations.
  2. B.They can adopt existing technologies and have lower factor input costs.
  3. C.They have higher Gini coefficient values than developed nations.
  4. D.They maintain trade surpluses with all major trading partners.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B They can adopt existing technologies and have lower factor input costs.

ምክንያቱ

The convergence hypothesis argues that latecomers grow faster because they can adopt existing pioneer technologies, benefit from low production costs (like low labor wages), and shift farm labor to higher productivity industrial sectors.

ጥያቄ 10

Suppose the total value of goods Ethiopia imports from abroad is greater than the total value of goods it exports. What is this trade situation called?

  1. A.Trade surplus
  2. B.Diminishing returns
  3. C.Trade imbalance (deficit)
  4. D.Capital deepening
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Trade imbalance (deficit)

ምክንያቱ

A trade imbalance (or trade deficit / negative trade balance) occurs when the total cost of a country's imports exceeds the total earnings from its exports.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 5 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 5 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 124 እስከ ገጽ 152 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 266 ገጾች

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ሁሉም የ12ኛ ክፍል ጂኦግራፊ አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

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