Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 5 Jiyoograafii kutaa 12: Qormaatawwan Misooma Diinagdee

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 5 kitaaba Jiyoograafii kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

Google Play irraa buufadhaa
3
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 5
124–152
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 5

Boqonnaan 5 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Multiple Faces of Poverty and Implication to Development
  2. 2.The Advantages and Disadvantage of Globalization
  3. 3.The Growing Imbalance between Regions and Countries
  4. 4.Corruption
  5. 5.Global Health Crises

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 5

Kaardiiwwan fuula Jiyoograafii kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

GosaAdeemsa IjooBifa Sadarkaa Olaanaa
Bribery (Gubboo)Murteewwan irratti dhiibbaa uumuuf jecha aangawoota mootummaatiif kaffaltii kaffalamuKick-backs
Theft of public assets (Qabeenya uummataa hatuu)Embezzlement, gibira baqachuu, yookiin maallaqa mootummaa karaa hin malleetti dabarsuuKleptocracy
PatronageQabeenya uummataa qooduu keessatti Favoritism fi nepotism raawwatamuCrony capitalism

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Gochoota malaammaltummaa gubboo, saaminsa qabeenya uummataa fi loogiitti qooduun bifoota isaanii adda baasuuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Saaminsa qabeenya mootummaa gurguddaa taasisan kileptookiraasii yoo jedhamu, loogii fi firoonfummaan carraa uummataa kenneen wal-fayyaduun ammoo kaappitaalizimii michootaa (crony capitalism) jedhama.

Grade 12 Geography, fuula 124-152 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Sadarkaa walqixxummaa dhabuu dinagdee (Gini) fi malaammaltummaa (CPI) lakkoofsaan xiinxaluuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Kallattii safartuuwwanii walitti hin daddabarsinaa. Giniin 0 walqixxummaa guutuu, 1 (yookiin 100%) walqixxummaa dhabuu olaanaa yoo agarsiisu, CPI 0 malaammaltummaa hamaa, 100 ammoo qulqulluu ta'uu agarsiisa.

Grade 12 Geography, fuula 124-152 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

GosaSadarkaa GaliiAmala Ijoo
Absolute povertySadarkaa gadi aanaa jireenyaa (subsistence threshold) gadiFedhiiwwan bu'uuraa jireenyaaf barbaachisan guuttachuu hin danda'u, guddina GDP tiin hin jijjiiramu
Relative povertyGalii giddu galeessaa keessaa < 50%Fedhiiwwan bu'uuraa ni guuta garuu qananiiwwan hawaasaa idilee hin qabu
Persistent povertyGiddu galeessaa gadi 50% hanga 60%Galii gadi aanaa waggoota walitti aanan 3 keessaa waggoota 2f turu

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Hiyyummaa guutuu, hiyyummaa walbira-qabinsaa fi hiyyummaa itti-fufaa sadarkaa galii fi ulaagaa jireenyaatiin gargar baasuuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Hiyyummaan walbira-qabinsaa guddina dinagdee biyyaa wajjin kan jijjiiramu yoo ta'u, hiyyummaan guutuun garuu guddinni dinagdee jiraatus sarara jireenya bu'uuraa gadi ta'ee hafa.

Grade 12 Geography, fuula 124-152 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 5

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What type of poverty is defined as a condition where a household receives 50 percent less than the average household income of a country?

  1. A.Absolute poverty
  2. B.Relative poverty
  3. C.Structural poverty
  4. D.Natural poverty
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Relative poverty

Sababa

Relative poverty occurs when households receive 50 percent less than average household incomes, meaning they have some money but cannot afford the standard of living enjoyed by the rest of society.

Gaaffii 2

On the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) published by Transparency International, what does a score of 0 represent?

  1. A.Least corrupt
  2. B.Most corrupt
  3. C.Perfect economic equality
  4. D.High human development
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Most corrupt

Sababa

Scores on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) are measured on a scale from zero (most corrupt) to 100 (least corrupt).

Gaaffii 3

According to the textbook, how much does malaria cost the African continent each year in lost economic productivity?

  1. A.Around 12 million dollars
  2. B.Around 500 million dollars
  3. C.Around 12 billion dollars
  4. D.Around 3.2 trillion dollars
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Around 12 billion dollars

Sababa

Malaria is a leading cause of child mortality in Africa and costs the continent around $12 billion in lost productivity each year.

Gaaffii 4

When skilled Ethiopian professionals such as medical doctors, engineers, and scientists migrate abroad for higher wages, it is a major drawback of globalization known as:

  1. A.Decreasing skilled labor in developing countries
  2. B.Expanding trade surplus
  3. C.Decreasing capital liquidity
  4. D.Eliminating cultural barriers
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Decreasing skilled labor in developing countries

Sababa

Globalized competition often leads to brain drain, where highly educated professionals migrate to developed countries for better wages, leading to a decrease in skilled labor in developing countries.

Gaaffii 5

When a family receives 50 to 60 percent less than average income in 2 out of every 3 years, which concept describes their condition?

  1. A.Persistent poverty
  2. B.Absolute poverty
  3. C.Behavioral poverty
  4. D.Transitory poverty
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Persistent poverty

Sababa

Persistent poverty is specifically defined as the condition when households receive 50 or 60 percent less income than average incomes every 2 out of 3 years.

Gaaffii 6

Which term describes systematic theft of public assets on a grand scale by high-ranking public officials?

  1. A.Patronage
  2. B.Kleptocracy
  3. C.Crony capitalism
  4. D.Kick-backs
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Kleptocracy

Sababa

Systematic theft at a grand scale by high public officials is called kleptocracy. Crony capitalism refers to systematic patronage with large stakes.

Gaaffii 7

When measuring income inequality, what does a Gini coefficient of 0 indicate?

  1. A.Maximal inequality
  2. B.Perfect equality
  3. C.Extreme trade imbalance
  4. D.A negative trade balance
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Perfect equality

Sababa

A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality (where all income values are the same), whereas a Gini coefficient of 1 reflects maximal inequality.

Gaaffii 8

Which approach argues that poverty is created by systemic problems such as low wages, discrimination, and inadequate investment in education and healthcare?

  1. A.The behavioral approach
  2. B.The cultural approach
  3. C.The structural approach
  4. D.The Malthusian approach
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C The structural approach

Sababa

The structural approach points to systemic reasons for poverty, such as institutional discrimination, low wages, and failure to invest in social insurance, education, and health care.

Gaaffii 9

According to the convergence hypothesis, why are developing countries expected to grow faster than developed ones?

  1. A.They spend more money on public health than advanced nations.
  2. B.They can adopt existing technologies and have lower factor input costs.
  3. C.They have higher Gini coefficient values than developed nations.
  4. D.They maintain trade surpluses with all major trading partners.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B They can adopt existing technologies and have lower factor input costs.

Sababa

The convergence hypothesis argues that latecomers grow faster because they can adopt existing pioneer technologies, benefit from low production costs (like low labor wages), and shift farm labor to higher productivity industrial sectors.

Gaaffii 10

Suppose the total value of goods Ethiopia imports from abroad is greater than the total value of goods it exports. What is this trade situation called?

  1. A.Trade surplus
  2. B.Diminishing returns
  3. C.Trade imbalance (deficit)
  4. D.Capital deepening
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Trade imbalance (deficit)

Sababa

A trade imbalance (or trade deficit / negative trade balance) occurs when the total cost of a country's imports exceeds the total earnings from its exports.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 5

Boqonnaan 5 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 124 hanga fuula 152 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 266

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Jiyoograafii kutaa 12 hunda

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