የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ9ኛ ክፍል የኬሚስትሪ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 4 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።
ከዚህ ይጀምሩ
በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ Temari ያዘጋጀው አጭር የቪዲዮ ትምህርት። ፕሌይ ሲጫኑ ብቻ ይጫናል። ትምህርቱ በእንግሊዝኛ ነው።
Find an element's place from its shells · 4 ደቂቃ · የተሠሩ 2 ያለፉ የፈተና ጥያቄዎች
ትምህርቱን ከዚያ ጀምሮ ለማጫወት አንድ ክፍል ይንኩ።
በ9ኛ ክፍል የኬሚስትሪ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
የGroup VIIA halogens የelectron affinity እሴቶችን ሲያነፃፅሩ ይጠቀሙበት።
ይጠንቀቁ
Fluorine በgroup ውስጥ ከላይ ቢሆንም Chlorine የበለጠ electron affinity አለው። የFluorine 2p subshell በጣም ጠባብ በመሆኑ በelectrons መካከል የሚፈጠረው ግፊት የሚለቀቀውን ኃይል ይቀንሰዋል።
ከGrade 9 Chemistry፣ ገጽ 111-142 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
| ባህሪ | በPeriod (ከግራ ወደ ቀኝ) | በGroup (ከላይ ወደ ታች) |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic radius | Decreases | Increases |
| Ionization energy | Increases | Decreases |
| Electron affinity | Increases | Decreases |
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
በperiodic table ውስጥ የንጥረ ነገሮችን atomic radius፣ ionization energy እና electron affinity ለማነፃፀር ይጠቀሙበት።
ይጠንቀቁ
በperiod ውስጥ nuclear charge እየጨመረ ስለሚሄድ atomic radius ይቀንሳል፤ ionization energy ደግሞ ይጨምራል።
ከGrade 9 Chemistry፣ ገጽ 111-142 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።
ጥያቄ 1
Which scientist discovered the neutron in 1932 by bombarding Beryllium nuclei with alpha particles?
መልስ፦ A James Chadwick
ምክንያቱ
James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932 after observing neutral radiations produced when Beryllium was bombarded with alpha particles.
ጥያቄ 2
What is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom called?
መልስ፦ B Mass number
ምክንያቱ
The mass number (A) is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in an atom's nucleus.
ጥያቄ 3
According to Dobereiner's law of triads, what is the atomic weight of the middle element in a triad?
መልስ፦ A The arithmetic mean of the atomic weights of the other two elements
ምክንያቱ
In Dobereiner's triads, the atomic weight of the middle element is approximately the arithmetic mean (average) of the first and third elements.
ጥያቄ 4
How many elements are present in the first period of the modern periodic table?
መልስ፦ A 2
ምክንያቱ
Period 1 contains only 2 elements: hydrogen and helium. It is called a very short period.
ጥያቄ 5
Based on Moseley's work with X-rays in 1913, the periodic arrangement of elements must be based on which fundamental property?
መልስ፦ C Atomic number
ምክንያቱ
Moseley showed that the frequency of X-rays is related to the atomic number (Z), proving that atomic number is the correct basis for arranging elements in the periodic table.
ጥያቄ 6
In Lothar Meyer's curve of atomic volume versus atomic mass, which family of elements occupies the peaks of the curve?
መልስ፦ A Alkali metals
ምክንያቱ
Lothar Meyer observed that alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) occupy the highest points or peaks of the atomic volume curve.
ጥያቄ 7
According to the rules of electron filling, what is the maximum number of electrons that can be placed in the penultimate shell of an atom?
መልስ፦ B 18
ምክንያቱ
The valence (outermost) shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons, while the penultimate (second to last) shell can hold up to 18 electrons.
ጥያቄ 8
Which of the following correctly arranges nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and silicon (Si) in order of increasing atomic radius?
መልስ፦ A N < P < Si
ምክንያቱ
Atomic radius increases down a group (so N is smaller than P) and decreases from left to right across a period (so P is smaller than Si). Therefore, the correct order is N < P < Si.
ጥያቄ 9
Why do Group IIA elements have a higher first ionization energy than Group IIIA elements in the same period?
መልስ፦ A Group IIA elements have completely filled s orbitals, which are more stable
ምክንያቱ
Group IIA elements have a completely filled ns2 configuration. It takes extra energy to remove an electron from a completely filled subshell compared to an incompletely filled subshell.
ጥያቄ 10
Why is the electron affinity of fluorine (-328 kJ/mol) lower in magnitude than that of chlorine (-349 kJ/mol)?
መልስ፦ B Stronger electron-electron repulsion in the small 2p subshell of fluorine
ምክንያቱ
Fluorine's 2p subshell is very small and compact, causing strong repulsion among electrons. This makes it release less energy when taking in an extra electron compared to chlorine's larger 3p subshell.
መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።
ምዕራፍ 4 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 111 እስከ ገጽ 142 ይደርሳል።
የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 186 ገጾች
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