Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 4 kitaaba Keemistirii kutaa 9 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Asii jalqabi
Barnoota viidiyoo gabaabaa boqonnaa kanaa, kan Temari'n qopheesse. Yommuu play tuqxu qofa fe'ama. Barnoonni kun Afaan Ingiliziitiin.
Find an element's place from its shells · daqiiqaa 4 · Gaaffii qormaata darbe 2 hojjetaman
Barnoota achii jalqabee taphachiisuuf kutaa tokko tuqi.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Keemistirii kutaa 9 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Gatii electron affinity elementoota halogens Group VIIA walbira qabuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Fluorine gubbaa irratti argamus, Chlorine tu electron affinity guddaa qaba. Sababiin isaas subshell 2p fluorine xiqqaachuun repulsion electrons gidduutti uumu energy gadhifamu waan hir'isuufi.
Grade 9 Chemistry, fuula 111-142 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Amala | Period Keessa (Bitaa gara Mirgaatti) | Group Keessa (Gubbaa gara Gadaatti) |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic radius | Decreases | Increases |
| Ionization energy | Increases | Decreases |
| Electron affinity | Increases | Decreases |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Gabatee periodic keessatti atomic radius, ionization energy fi electron affinity elementootaa walbira qabuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Period keessatti sababa nuclear charge dabaluuf atomic radius ni xiqqaata, ionization energy garuu ni dabala.
Grade 9 Chemistry, fuula 111-142 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
Which scientist discovered the neutron in 1932 by bombarding Beryllium nuclei with alpha particles?
Deebii: A James Chadwick
Sababa
James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932 after observing neutral radiations produced when Beryllium was bombarded with alpha particles.
Gaaffii 2
What is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom called?
Deebii: B Mass number
Sababa
The mass number (A) is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in an atom's nucleus.
Gaaffii 3
According to Dobereiner's law of triads, what is the atomic weight of the middle element in a triad?
Deebii: A The arithmetic mean of the atomic weights of the other two elements
Sababa
In Dobereiner's triads, the atomic weight of the middle element is approximately the arithmetic mean (average) of the first and third elements.
Gaaffii 4
How many elements are present in the first period of the modern periodic table?
Deebii: A 2
Sababa
Period 1 contains only 2 elements: hydrogen and helium. It is called a very short period.
Gaaffii 5
Based on Moseley's work with X-rays in 1913, the periodic arrangement of elements must be based on which fundamental property?
Deebii: C Atomic number
Sababa
Moseley showed that the frequency of X-rays is related to the atomic number (Z), proving that atomic number is the correct basis for arranging elements in the periodic table.
Gaaffii 6
In Lothar Meyer's curve of atomic volume versus atomic mass, which family of elements occupies the peaks of the curve?
Deebii: A Alkali metals
Sababa
Lothar Meyer observed that alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) occupy the highest points or peaks of the atomic volume curve.
Gaaffii 7
According to the rules of electron filling, what is the maximum number of electrons that can be placed in the penultimate shell of an atom?
Deebii: B 18
Sababa
The valence (outermost) shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons, while the penultimate (second to last) shell can hold up to 18 electrons.
Gaaffii 8
Which of the following correctly arranges nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and silicon (Si) in order of increasing atomic radius?
Deebii: A N < P < Si
Sababa
Atomic radius increases down a group (so N is smaller than P) and decreases from left to right across a period (so P is smaller than Si). Therefore, the correct order is N < P < Si.
Gaaffii 9
Why do Group IIA elements have a higher first ionization energy than Group IIIA elements in the same period?
Deebii: A Group IIA elements have completely filled s orbitals, which are more stable
Sababa
Group IIA elements have a completely filled ns2 configuration. It takes extra energy to remove an electron from a completely filled subshell compared to an incompletely filled subshell.
Gaaffii 10
Why is the electron affinity of fluorine (-328 kJ/mol) lower in magnitude than that of chlorine (-349 kJ/mol)?
Deebii: B Stronger electron-electron repulsion in the small 2p subshell of fluorine
Sababa
Fluorine's 2p subshell is very small and compact, causing strong repulsion among electrons. This makes it release less energy when taking in an extra electron compared to chlorine's larger 3p subshell.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 4 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 111 hanga fuula 142 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 186
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
Bilisaan jalqabi
Temari.et appii Android qaba; Google Play irratti bilisaan argama.
