የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ9ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ ምዕራፍ 5፦ የምርትና ወጪ መግቢያ

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ9ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 5 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

3
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 5 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 62–76
የምዕራፍ 5 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 5 የሚሸፍነው

1.Definition of Production, Inputs and Outputs
2.Periods of Production
3.Cost of Production

የምዕራፍ 5 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ9ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

ኢኮኖሚያዊ ወጪቀመር

\text{Economic Cost} = \text{Explicit Cost} + \text{Implicit Cost}

\text{Economic Cost} = \text{Explicit Cost} + \text{Implicit Cost}

$\text{Economic Cost}$: ኢኮኖሚያዊ ወጪ (Economic Cost) $Birr$
$\text{Explicit Cost}$: ግልጽ ወይም ቀጥተኛ የገንዘብ ክፍያ ወጪ (Explicit Cost) $Birr$
$\text{Implicit Cost}$: የራስ ንብረትን በምርት ውስጥ በመጠቀም የሚታጣ ግምታዊ ወጪ (Implicit Cost) $Birr$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የአንድን ድርጅት አጠቃላይ ኢኮኖሚያዊ ወጪ ቀጥተኛ ክፍያዎችን እና የራስ ንብረት ዋጋን በማካተት ለማስላት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የሂሳብ ወጪ (accounting cost) ግልጽ ወጪዎችን ብቻ የሚይዝ ሲሆን ኢኮኖሚያዊ ወጪ ግን ያልተከፈለባቸውን የራስ ሀብቶች ግምት ያካትታል።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 62-76 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምርት መስመሮች ዝምድናየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥMP > AP · MP = AP · MP < AP · +2

ሁኔታ	የምርት መስመሮች ባህሪ
$MP > AP$	$AP$ is rising
$MP = AP$	$AP$ is at its maximum
$MP < AP$	$AP$ is falling
$MP = 0$	$TP$ is at its maximum
$MP < 0$	$TP$ is declining

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የጠቅላላ ምርት እና አማካይ ምርት ለውጥ ከተጨማሪ ምርት አንጻር ምን እንደሚመስል ለማወቅ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

አማካይ ምርት ከፍተኛው ደረጃ ላይ የሚደርሰው ተጨማሪ ምርት ከአማካይ ምርት ጋር እኩል ሲሆን እንጂ ተጨማሪ ምርት ከፍተኛ ሲሆን አይደለም።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 62-76 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የአጭር ጊዜ ጠቅላላ ወጪቀመር

TC = TFC + TVC

TC = TFC + TVC

$TC$: አጠቃላይ የምርት ወጪ (Total Cost) $Birr$
$TFC$: ከምርት መጠን ጋር የማይለዋወጥ ቋሚ ወጪ (Total Fixed Cost) $Birr$
$TVC$: ከምርት መጠን ጋር አብሮ የሚለዋወጥ ወጪ (Total Variable Cost) $Birr$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

አንድ ድርጅት በአጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ የሚያወጣውን ጠቅላላ ወጪ ከቋሚ እና ተለዋዋጭ ወጪዎች ለመደመር ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ምርት ዜሮ በሚሆንበት ጊዜም እንኳ ቋሚ ወጪ ስለሚኖር ጠቅላላ ወጪ ከቋሚ ወጪ ጋር እኩል ይሆናል።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 62-76 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 5 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

In economics, what is the definition of production?

A.The process of consuming finished goods and services
B.The process of transforming inputs into outputs
C.The process of setting market prices for goods
D.The process of borrowing funds from a bank

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The process of transforming inputs into outputs

ምክንያቱ

Production is defined as the process of transforming inputs into outputs, such as combining land, labor, and seeds to produce wheat.

ጥያቄ 2

A period of production in which at least one input is fixed while other inputs are variable is known as the:

A.short run
B.long run
C.market period
D.planning horizon

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A short run

ምክንያቱ

The short run refers to a period of production in which at least one input is fixed while the remaining inputs are variable.

ጥያቄ 3

Which of the following is an example of an implicit cost for a bakery owner in Hawassa?

A.Monthly wages paid to hired bakers
B.Payment for sacks of flour bought from a supplier
C.The estimated rent of the owner's own building used for the bakery
D.Electricity bills paid to the utility office

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C The estimated rent of the owner's own building used for the bakery

ምክንያቱ

Implicit costs are the values of non-purchased, self-owned resources used in production, such as the estimated rent of the owner's own building.

ጥያቄ 4

A small workshop in Gondar has a total fixed cost (TFC) of 60 birr and a total variable cost (TVC) of 40 birr when making 2 tables. What is the total cost (TC)?

A.20 birr
B.60 birr
C.100 birr
D.120 birr

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C 100 birr

ምክንያቱ

Total Cost is the sum of total fixed cost and total variable cost: TC = TFC + TVC. Here, 60 + 40 = 100 birr.

ጥያቄ 5

According to the textbook, which of the following is classified as an intangible product?

A.Machinery
B.Health care
C.Vehicles
D.Equipment

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Health care

ምክንያቱ

Intangible products do not have a physical existence and cannot be touched. Examples include travel, insurance, consulting, education, and health care.

ጥያቄ 6

What happens to the marginal product (MP) when total product (TP) reaches its maximum level?

A.MP reaches its maximum
B.MP equals average product
C.MP becomes zero
D.MP becomes negative

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C MP becomes zero

ምክንያቱ

When total product (TP) reaches its maximum, the marginal product (MP) becomes zero. After this point, if TP declines, MP becomes negative.

ጥያቄ 7

A teff farm in Debre Markos employs 4 workers and produces a total product of 76 quintals of teff. What is the average product of labor (AP)?

A.14 quintals per worker
B.19 quintals per worker
C.25 quintals per worker
D.76 quintals per worker

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 19 quintals per worker

ምክንያቱ

Average product is calculated by dividing total product by the number of workers: AP = TP / L = 76 / 4 = 19 quintals per worker.

ጥያቄ 8

In economics, total economic cost is equal to:

A.explicit cost plus implicit cost
B.total fixed cost minus total variable cost
C.accounting cost minus explicit cost
D.average cost multiplied by marginal cost

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A explicit cost plus implicit cost

ምክንያቱ

Economic cost includes both explicit costs (actual cash outlays) and implicit costs (the opportunity costs of self-owned resources): Economic cost = implicit cost + explicit cost.

ጥያቄ 9

When the marginal product (MP) curve lies above the average product (AP) curve, what happens to average product?

A.AP is falling
B.AP is at its minimum
C.AP is at its maximum
D.AP is rising

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ D AP is rising

ምክንያቱ

So long as the MP curve lies above the AP curve (MP > AP), the average product (AP) curve slopes upward and AP is rising.

ጥያቄ 10

A shoe workshop in Addis Ababa has a total cost of 120 birr when producing 3 pairs of shoes and 125 birr when producing 4 pairs of shoes. What is the marginal cost (MC) of the 4th pair?